精准肝切除的应用及其价值

目的 探讨精准肝切除的适用范围和价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年11月至2009年3月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院收治的112例肝占位性病变行肝切除患者的临床资料,其中精准肝切除88例(精准组),Pringle法阻断快速切除24例(Pringle组).精准组切除范围分肝叶、段和局部切除;Pringle组的切除范围均为肝单段和局部切除.采用Fisher确切概率法和t检验分析两组患者术后围手术期情况.结果 全组患者无围手术期死亡、肝功能衰竭发生、因大出血或胆汁漏而行二次手术.两组同行肝单段和局部切除患者术中输血率、肝切除时失血量、术后TBil、PT分别为7%(2/29)、220 ml、20μmoL/L、13 s和4%(1/24)、210 ml、19μmoL/L、13 s,其差异无统计学意义(t=0.248,0.263,0.246,P>0.05);肝切除时间、术后WBC、ALT、低热发生率分别为60 min、7.5×10~9/L、66 U/L、10%(3/29)和15 min、14.0×10~9/L、335 U/L、42%(10/24),其差异有统计学意义(t=4.962,4.961,4.959,P<0.05).精准组中肝叶切除和肝段或局部切除患者术中输血率、术后WBC、ALT、PT、低热发生率分别为9%(4/45)、8.3×10~9/L、153 U/L、17 s、13%(6/45)和12%(5/43)、8.2×10~9/L、133 U/L、14 s、14%(6/43),其差异无统计学意义(t=1.652,1.225,1.236,P>0.05);肝切除时失血量、肝切除时间、术后TBil分别为350 ml、250 min、32μmoL/L和240 ml、150 min、21μmoL/L,其差异有统计学意义(t=4.915,4.967,4.829,P<0.05).结论 精准肝切除可减少创伤,但需根据切除范和部位选择性应用.肝叶切除最适合行精准肝切除.     

精准肝切除治疗肝胆恶性肿瘤31例

分析基于解剖性肝切除的精准肝切除治疗肝胆恶性肿瘤的方法与效果。选取2014年6月—2015年11月实施精准肝切除手术治疗的肝胆恶性肿瘤患者31例,术前对患者的肝功能、肝脏储备功能及预留肝脏体积等进行综合评估;所有患者以钳夹粉碎法、超声止血刀、PK刀、超声解剖刀和水刀等完成肝切除;观察手术时间、术中出血量、术后并发症及病死率等。31例患者均完成精准肝切除,所有恶性肿瘤切除后切面边缘阴性;手术平均时间为(304.0±35.6)min,术中平均出血量(473.0±24.5)m L;术后2例出现胆瘘,经过非手术治疗后约2周胆瘘消失;2例肝硬化严重患者出现术后肝功能衰竭,总胆红素高达200μmol/L,出现腹水和引流管渗血,经护肝对症治疗后恢复;3例出现严重肺部感染,腹腔脓肿和严重切口感染各2例,均经治疗后痊愈;术后并发症的总体发生率为35.48%;术中及术后无一例死亡,随访期内有2例肝细胞癌患者出现肝内复发,1例胆囊癌患者出现肝转移。精准肝切除是以清晰的肝脏生理解剖、严密地术前评估及精密的手术方案为前提,术中利用手术器械在解剖性肝切除的基础上完成精确地肝脏切除,更有利于减少患者病痛及患者病情的康复。     

精准肝切除治疗原发性肝癌的疗效评价

目的 初步探讨精准肝切除治疗原发性肝癌的疗效.方法 将2007年7月至2009年10月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院103例原发性肝癌患者根据不同肝切除方式分为精准组(54例)和常规组(49例).比较两组患者的术中、术后和随访情况.计量资料采用t检验,方差不齐采用t'检验,计数资料采用Fisher确切概率法进行分析.结果 两组患者均无围手术期死亡.精准组和常规组术中失血量分别为(635±608)ml和(929±1044)ml,两组比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.722,P>0.05);术中输血量分别为(222±381)ml和(542±785)ml,两组比较筹异有统计学意义(t=2.590,P<0.05);术后AST分别为(158±121)U/L和(292±347)U/L,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.558,P<0.05);肿瘤标本切缘阳性率分别为2%(1/54)和18%(9/49),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后并发症发生率分别为7%(4/54)和24%(12/49),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年肿瘤复发率分别为24%(8/33)和42%(20/48);术后1年生存率分别为85%(28/33)和77%(37/48),两组预后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 肝癌患者在准确的术前评估后采用精准肝切除,手术打击较小,术后恢复更快,具有较好的疗效.     

精准肝切除治疗原发性肝癌的安全性及有效性

目的 观察精准肝切除治疗原发性肝癌患者的安全性和有效性.方法 86例原发性肝癌患者按频数匹配原则随机分为两组.常规对照组(n=44)采用常规手术处理方法;精准组(n=42)采用精准肝切除,观察比较两组手术失血量、术后肝功能、住院时间、并发症发生及预后等情况.结果 精准组与常规对照组相比,术中出血量少[(320±315)ml比(613±526)ml;P<0.001],术后肝功能恢复快(术后7 d ALT为82.7 U/L比321.7 U/L;P<0.001),并发症发生率低(7.1%比20.5%;P<0.001),住院时间缩短(12.3 d比18.6 d;P<0.001).术后1年肿瘤复发率分别为26.2%(11/42)和38.6%(17/44);术后1年生存率分别为78.6%(33/42)和65.9%(29/44),两组预后比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.010;P=0.018).结论 肝切除患者在准确的术前评估后采用精准肝切除,手术打击较小,可以减少术后并发症与住院时间,加速患者的康复.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the the safety and efficiency of precise liver resection for patients with primary liver cancer. Methods 86 patients with primary liver cancer were randomized to receive conventional routine hepatectomy (n=44) or the precise liver resection (n=42). Outcomes were compared between the precise hepatectomy group and the routine group, including, the blood loss, operation time, morbidity and mortality. Results There were significant differences in morbidity rates (7.1% vs. 20.5%; P<0.001), the blood loss [(320±315) ml vs. (613±526) ml;P<0.001) , postoperative alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value (in postoperation 7 d, 82.7 U/L vs.321.7 U/L; P<0.001) and length of hospital stay (12.3 d vs. 18.6 d; P<0.001) between precise hepatectomy and routine groups. The 1 year tumor recurrence rate and 1 year survival rate were 26.2%(11/42) and 78.6% (33/42) in precise liver resection group, 38.6% (17/44) and 65.9%(29/44) in routine liver resection group,with significant difference (P=0.010;P=0.018). Conclusion Precise liver resection is safe and effective in the treatment of liver tumor without much injury to patients.     

精准肝切除治疗肝尾状叶巨大肿瘤

肝尾状叶肿瘤由于其解剖位置特殊,一直是外科手术难点之一。随着手术技术的发展更新,外科医师开展了大量的肝尾状叶切除手术,并且取得了较好的疗效。近年来在追求肝尾状叶肿瘤根治性切除同时,不少学者也提出减小手术创伤和保证患者术后恢复为目的的精准肝切除理念。上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院施行了1例肝尾状叶巨大肿瘤切除手术。该手术遵循精准肝切除的理念和技术,既达到了最小创伤根治性切除目的,又使患者术后恢复迅速,取得了良好效果。     

持久美蓝染色法在精准肝切除中的应用价值

目的 探讨持久美蓝染色法在精准肝切除中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年2月至8月解放军总医院对21例肝癌患者采用美蓝染色后行精准肝切除的临床资料.首先在肝门部解剖出拟切除肝段的肝蒂,然而在Glisson鞘内门静脉远端注射美蓝后结扎该段肝蒂,使拟切除肝段染色,按染色的界限行肝段切除.结果 Glisson鞘内注射美蓝染色的成功率为100%,美蓝在拟切除肝段的肝实质内停留(80±23)min.21例患者均行精准肝切除,其中右半肝2例,左半肝1例;右后叶2例,右前叶3例,左外侧叶1例;肝Ⅷ段2例,肝Ⅶ段3例,肝Ⅵ段1例,肝Ⅳ段2例;联合肝段切除4例.平均术中出血量为(236±6)ml,术后并发症发生率为14%(3/21),平均术后住院时间为(12±3)d.结论 注射美蓝后结扎肝蒂的染色方法成功率高,染色时间持久,对肝实质离断过程中的切面选择具有引导作用,有助于提高解剖性肝切除的精准性.     

精准肝切除在肝脏巨大肿瘤手术中的应用

Hepatectomy is the treatment of choice for huge ( ＞ 10 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma.However,the resection is more difficult and risky due to a huge space occupied by the tumor and vascular invasion.Pre...     

精准肝切除在结直肠癌肝转移中的应用价值

目的 探讨精准肝切除在结直肠癌肝转移治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年10月至2009年10月天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的85例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料.根据治疗方法分为常规组43例和精准组42例.常规组:术前常规检测评估肝肾功能,增强CT和B超检查评估肿瘤情况;根据术前检查结果行解剖性肝段切除.精准组:除常规组进行的各项检查外,还采用吲哚菁绿排泄试验评估肝脏储备功能;通过CT对肝动脉、肝静脉和门静脉进行三维重建,并测量肝脏体积及剩余肝脏体积;术中使用低中心静脉压;采用术中超声检查明确切除范围并保护好周围脉管结构,进行精确的解剖性肝段切除.观察比较两组患者术中、术后及预后的情况.计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用x2检验.结果 两组患者均无围手术期死亡.常规组和精准组术中全肝血流阻断时间分别为(35±25)min和(64±39)min,出血量分别为(685±524)ml和(486±360)ml,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=4.116,-2.033,P＜0.05);术中输血量分别为(228±398)ml和(160±330)mJ,两组比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.861,P＞0.05).常规组和精准组患者术后第1天ALT分别为(672±284)U/L和(344±158)U/L,第7天ALT分别为(332±161)U/L和(125±93)U/L;住院时间分别为(18±10)d和(12±6)d;术后并发症发生率分别为26%(11/43)和7%(3/42),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.541,-7.232,-3.915,x2=5.251,P＜0.05).常规组和精准组患者术后1年肝脏肿瘤复发率分别为37%(16/43)和21%(9/42);术后1年生存率分别为88%(38/43)和93%(39/42),两组患者预后比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=0.110,0.501,P＞0.05).结论 对于结直肠癌肝转移患者,精准肝切除较常规肝切除创伤小,恢复快,更加安全、有效.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate precise hepatectomy for liver metastases of colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 85 patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer who were admitted to the Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from October 2006 to October 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Forty-two patients received precise hepatectomy(precise group) and 43 received routine hepatectomy (routine group). Evaluation of the hepatic and renal functions and detection of the tumors' condition were done before carrying out anatomical liver resection for patients in the routine group. Hepatic functional reserve of patients in the precise group was detected by indocyanine green excretion test. Hepatic artery, hepatic vein and portal vein were three-dimensionally reconstructed according to the data of computed tomography. The liver volume and residual liver volume of the patients were calculated. Hepatic resection was guided by intra-operative ultrasound in the precise group. Periand postoperative conditions and the results of follow-up of patients in the two groups were compared. All data were analyzed using the t test or chi-square test. Results No perioperative mortality was observed in the two groups.Time of hepatic blood flow occlusion and blood loss were (35±25)minutes and (685 ± 524) ml in the routine group, and (64±39) minutes and (486±360) ml in the precise group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups(t=4.116,-2.033, P＜0.05). The volumes of blood transfusion of the routine group and the precise group were (228±398) ml and (160±330)ml, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (t=-0.861, P＞0.05). The postoperaive levels of alanine transaminase at day 1 and day 7 were (672±284)U/L and (332±161)U/L in the routine group, and (344±158)U/L and (125 ±93) U/L in the precise group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (t=-6.541,-7.232,P＜0.05). The length of hospital stay and postoperative mobidity were (18±10)days and 26% (11/43) in the routine group, and (12±6)days and 7%(3/42) in the precise group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (t=- 3.915, x2=5.251, P＜0.05). The 1-year tumor recurrence rate and 1-year survival rate were 37% (16/43) and 88% (38/43) in the routine group, and 21% (9/42) and 93% (39/42) in the precise group, with no significant difference between the two groups (x2= 0.110, 0. 501, P＞0.05). Conclusion Precise hepatectomy is superior to routine hepatectomy in aspect of minimal trauma, quick recovery, efficacy and safety.     

医学图像三维可视化系统在精准肝切除中的应用价值

目的 探讨医学图像三维可视化系统(MI-3DVS)在精准肝切除中的指导作用.方法 2008年6月至2010年9月南方医科大学珠江医院利用自行研发的MI-3DVS在术前对45例肝癌患者肝脏的CT薄层图像数据进行三维重建.根据肝内门静脉和肝静脉走行划分肝段,确定肿瘤所在位置,测算切除的功能性肝脏体积并计算剩余肝脏体积百分比.术前评估可切除性,制订个体化的手术方案,然后进行仿真手术演练,指导临床手术.结果 45例肝癌患者根据肝内肝静脉和门静脉的走行分布分为7种类型:常见型21例,与Couinaud分段相同;未分型6例;肝右叶未分型11例;肝左叶未分型4例;肝右静脉型1例;肝中静脉双支型1例;右后下静脉型1例.39例患者行开腹肝癌切除术,平均剩余肝脏体积百分比为74%±17%,术后病理检查均为肝细胞癌;6例患者行TACE治疗.所有患者术后未发生急性肝功能衰竭、出血、胆汁漏等严重并发症.出院后随访6个月,患者无瘤或带瘤生存.结论 用MI-3DVS进行术前评估和指导临床手术,符合肝脏解剖与生理特点,对精准肝切除有重要的指导作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the guiding significance of medical image three-dimensional visualization system (MI-3DVS) in precise hepatectomy. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients with hepatic neoplasms who were admitted to the Zhujiang Hospital from June 2008 to September 2010 were prospectively analyzed. The preoperative image data of the liver were three-dimensionally reconstructed by MI-3DVS. According to the distribution of the intrahepatic portal veins and hepatic veins, the liver was divided into different sections,and then tumors can be located within these hepatic segments. The volume percentage of residual liver and volume of liver resected were detected. Evaluation of surgical resectability and surgery simulation were done before operation. Results According to the distribution of the intrahepatic portal veins and hepatic veins, all patients were divided into seven types: 21 patients were with normal type which was the same as Couinaud type, six with nondivided type, 11 with non-divided right liver type, four with non-divided left liver type, one with right hepatic vein type, one with double middle hepatic vein type and one with right posterior vein type. Thirty-nine patients received open hepatectomy, and the volume percentage of the residual liver was 74% ± 17%. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed that all the 39 patients were with hepatocellular carcinoma. Six patients received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. No severe complications such as acute hepatic failure, bleeding, bile leakage were detected. All patients were followed up for six months, and they survived with or without tumor. Conclusion MI-3DVS has guiding significance in preoperative assessment and perioperative guidance for precise hepatectomy.     

三维手术模拟系统在巨大肝癌精准肝切除中的应用

目的 探讨三维手术模拟系统在巨大肝癌精准肝切除中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2009年5月至2011年5月中山大学附属第一医院收治的34例因巨大肝癌行精准肝切除患者的临床资料.所有患者术前行CT检查,应用三维手术模拟系统进行术前评估,分别计算模拟切除肝脏体积,手术切缘距离等,将模拟值与术后实际值进行比较.两者间比较采用t检验,模拟值与实际值的相关性检验采用Pearson等级相关分析.结果 全组患者行精准肝切除术.三维手术模拟系统可以清晰地显示和三维重建正常肝脏组织、肿瘤组织和肝内血管.模拟切除肝脏体积和手术切缘距离分别为(2112±1550)ml和(12±6)mm,实际切除肝脏体积和手术切缘距离分别为(2031±1411)ml和(12 ±6)mm,模拟值与实际值具有相关性(r=0.961,0 923,P＜0.05),两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(t=1.549,1.143,P＞0.05).所有患者手术并发症经保守治疗后好转,术后无肝功能衰竭或死亡患者.结论 三维手术模拟系统可准确评估患者肝脏情况和模拟肝脏手术,在巨大肝癌精准肝切除的术前评估中可起到一定的辅助作用.     

计算机辅助手术规划系统在精准肝切除中的应用价值

目的 评价计算机辅助手术规划系统在精准肝切除中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2006年11月至2009年11月解放军总医院对45例肝癌患者通过计算机辅助手术规划系统进行精准肝切除治疗的临床资料.术前通过计算机辅助手术规划系统进行肝脏三维重建,对肝脏血管结构及其与肿瘤的解剖关系进行二维和三维分析;分别计算肝段体积、肿瘤体积、全肝体积、预切除肝脏体积和剩余肝脏体积,切除标本术后称重并与预切除肝脏体积比较;实施虚拟肝切除,优化手术方案.采用t检验、Pearson相关分析、X~2检验分析检测结果.结果 术前预切除肝脏体积采用二维方法计算的结果与采用三维方法计算的结果比较,差异无统计学意义(t=2.125,P>0.05).计算机辅助手术规划系统能够清晰显示肝动脉、门静脉和肝静脉等血管结构的三级分支,对肿瘤与毗邻血管的空间解剖关系进行量化分析,精确测算血管所支配的功能体积,当预测的切除肝脏体积越大,切除标本质量越大(r=0.999,P<0.05),误差率为5.1%.全组患者均进行了解剖性肝切除,手术并发症发生率为20%(9/45),均通过保守治疗好转.术后无肝功能衰竭发生,无围手术期死亡.结论 计算机辅助手术规划系统能够优化手术方案,是开展精准肝切除的有益辅助工具.     

倡导精准肝脏外科重现普罗米修斯神话

From ancient to present,liver has always been a mystery and magical organ.As the largest glandular organ of the body,liver has many vital functions.Its regenerative capabilities and functional reservation allow major resection of up to 80%of its volume.Many diseases,such as liver cancer,cirrhosis and hepatolithiasis Can affect liver,and the mainstay of curative treatment is liver resection.Technological advances play an important role in modern surgery,and a new surgical paradigm characterized by precision has evolved.Recently,we haveadvocated the concept of"precise hepatectomy"on the basis of modem anatomy,physiology,oncology,imaging and surgical techniques,which is characterized by minimal invasion,liversaving and maximally restoration of liver function.Related subjects,including computer sciences,imaging and information are needed to be combined to create a new alliance of treatment.Although,there are still many theoretical and technical problems about liver resection and liver function preservation.With the development of science and technology,precise hepatectomy will further improve the outcomes of liver surgery.     

门静脉栓塞术在二期精准肝切除中的应用

目的: 探讨门静脉栓塞术在二期精准肝切除的应用。方法: 分析7例在超声扫描及X线数字减影血管造影引导下,经皮经肝穿刺门静脉栓塞术后,行二期精准肝切除术的肝癌病人临床资料。分成肝硬化组3例和无肝硬化组4例,分别检测门静脉栓塞术前和术后肝功能指标及肝体积变化,总结二期手术切除。结果: 7例病人均成功实施经皮经肝穿刺门静脉栓塞术,其中6例病人达到肝脏体积代偿增大的预期效果,顺利完成二期精准肝切除术。1例结肠直肠癌肝转移病人在门静脉栓塞8周后,未栓塞肝脏代偿性增大体积未达到精准肝切除的条件,转外院顺利行拯救性联合肝脏离断和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术。两组经皮经肝穿刺门静脉栓塞术后1 d,肝功能指标较术前升高（P<0.05）,予护肝治疗3~7 d后降至术前水平。未发生严重并发症。结论: 门静脉栓塞技术成功率高、安全可行。剩余肝脏代偿性增大明显,可显著提高二期精准肝切除手术率。     

达芬奇机器人手术系统在精准肝切除中的应用

目的 探讨达芬奇机器人手术系统在精准肝切除中应用的可行性、安全性及优势.方法 回顾性分析2009年4月至7月解放军总医院应用达芬奇机器人手术系统对13例肝病患者行精准肝切除的临床资料进行.结果 所有患者手术获成功,无中转开腹.其中广泛肝切除9例,左外叶切除4例.所有患者鞘内解剖选择性人肝血流阻断下的解剖性肝切除.平均手术时间为338 min(150～720 min),平均失血量为208 ml(50～800 ml),无术中、术后输血.术后仅1例患者出现胆汁漏,经保守治疗后痊愈,无围手术期死亡.术后平均住院时间为7 d(2～13 d).结论 达芬奇机器人手术系统行精准肝切除安全可行,它极大地拓展了腹腔镜肝切除的适应证,尤其利于精准的肝门解剖和腹腔镜下缝合.     

精准肝切除方式选择的挑战与思考

Precise hepatectomy is the application of minimally invasive concept in hepatic surgery. There are big challenges for surgeons to choose the proper approaches to achieve the aim of precise hepatectomy. How to choose therapeutic strategy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, liver transplantation or radiofrequency ablation? How to choose the operation type, laparoscopic surgery, transabdominal surgery or Da Vinci robot-assisted surgery? How to choose the surgical instruments during hepatectomy? Although answers for these questions are various, the principle is unchangeable, which is providing minimal injury, less blood loss, fast recovery, little expense and good prognosis. The concept of precise hepatectomy includes precise judgment of liver function and careful preparation before operation, and also the elaborate nursing and multi-disciplinary cooperation during operation, as well as the fast track surgery after operation. Precise hepatectomy requires surgeons take the safety and effectiveness of the operations into account, and the conditions of hospitals, the skills and experiences of the surgeons should also be evaluated before operation. Finally, the economic condition of the patients should be considered and proper application of advanced equipments should be emphasized.     

三维模拟技术在精准肝脏切除中的应用

目的 评价三维模拟技术在精准肝脏切除中的应用价值.方法 自2009年7月至2010年5月,本院对16例手术治疗的原发性肝癌患者,于术前进行了三维模拟成像及模拟手术操作,并对二者切除的肝脏组织在三维径线上的绝对长度进行统计学分析.结果 模拟手术切除的肝脏组织形状及大小与实际手术切除的非常相似,两者肝脏切除边缘长度明显相关,而且没有统计学差异(P＞0.05).模拟手术与实际手术两者切除肝脏在长度、宽度和高度上的差值分别为0.6118 cm、0.4490 cm和0.3199 cm.结论 三维模拟技术可以准确预测目标病灶的切除范围,为精准肝脏切除提供术前指导.

Abstract：

Objective To study the application of three-dimensional simulated surgical technique in precise hepatectomy. Methods From July 2009 to February 2010, 16 patients with primary liver cancer underwent preoperative simulated imaging and three-dimensional simulation of liver resection.The 3D extent of simulated hepatectomy and actual hepatectomy was compared and analyzed. Results The shape and the extent of the liver resected were very similar in the simulated and the actual hepatectomies. The mean differences in the length, breadth and depth of the remnant livers were 0. 6118 cm,0. 4490 cm and 0. 3199 cm, respectively. Conclusions Simulation hepatectomy could predict the extent of the actual liver resection, and provided accurate guidance and preoperative planning for precise hepatectomy.