围术期输注右美托咪定对全麻术后镇痛药吗啡用量的影响

目的：观察围术期输注右美托咪定（Dexmedetomidine ,Dex）对全麻术后镇痛药吗啡用量的影响。方法：选择40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,拟在全麻下行全子宫切除术的患者,随机分为对照组（NS组）和右美托咪定（DEX ）组。DEX组术前静脉给予右美托咪定负荷剂量1μg/kg ,继以4μg/h持续输注至术后48h。NS组给予同等容量的生理盐水以同样技术予以输注。术后应用吗啡静脉自控镇痛（PCIA）,记录患者首次要求镇痛的时间（患者主观VAS评分大于4cm时）,术后4、8、18、24、48h疼痛评分（VAS）,镇静评分（OAA/S）,吗啡用量及术后恶心呕吐情况。结果：从手术结束到患者首次要求镇痛的时间,DEX组[（31．45±6．25）min]比NS组[（21．00±4．36）min]显著延长（P＜0．01）。DEX组术后48h内吗啡的总用量（24．50±2．77）mg ,显著低于NS组（33．47±2．79）mg（P＜0．01）。术后恶心呕吐的发生率DEX组与NS组分别为10％和25％（P＜0．05）。结论：全麻下行子宫切除术的患者,围术期输注DEX可延长患者术后首次要求镇痛的时间,减少术后48h内吗啡的用量及术后恶心呕吐的发生率。     

氟比洛芬酯联合吗啡镇痛对胃癌根治术患者术后吗啡用药量及肠功能恢复的影响

目的 探讨氟比洛芬酯联合吗啡镇痛对胃癌根治术患者术后吗啡用药量及肠功能恢复的影响.方法 选择我院2015年6月至2016年10月期间收治的56例胃癌根治术患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组,每组28例,对照组予常规硬膜外吗啡自控镇痛泵镇痛,观察组在此基础上应用氟比洛芬酯,比较两组患者术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、吗啡用量及肠功能恢复情况.结果 两组患者术后28 h及48 h的VAS评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后28 h及48 h,观察组患者的吗啡用量分别为(40.36±14.65)mg和(60.64±14.45)mg,均明显少于对照组的(51.29±20.68)mg和(72.38±18.36)mg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后肛门排气时间为(48.19±11.14)h,明显短于对照组的(55.27±13.37)h,术后恶心呕吐发生率为10.71%,明显低于对照组的32.14%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 氟比洛芬酯与吗啡联合应用于胃癌根治术患者镇痛可发挥协同作用,进而减少吗啡的用量及胃肠道不良反应,促进术后肠功能的恢复.     

不同剂量氟哌利多减少术后吗啡PCA恶心呕吐的临床研究

目的　探讨不同剂量氟哌利多 (droperidol)在术后吗啡患者自控镇痛 (patient controlled analgesia,PCA)治疗中对恶心、呕吐的预防作用 .方法　 12 0例 ASA - 级择期胸部手术患者用镇痛泵行静注吗啡 PCA术后镇痛 ,随机双盲法分为 4组 , 组为单纯吗啡组 ,4 0 mg吗啡用生理盐水稀释至10 0 m L (对照组 ) ; 组为吗啡液中加入氟哌利多 2 .5 mg (2 5mg· L- 1 ) ; 组为吗啡液中加入氟哌利多 5 mg(5 0 m g·L- 1 ) ; 组为吗啡液中加入氟哌利多 10 mg (10 0 mg· L- 1 ) .观察各组镇痛后 2 4 h内恶心、呕吐的发生率 ,记录吗啡用量、疼痛评分及恶心、呕吐、镇静评分 .结果　与对照组相比 ,只有 , 组恶心、呕吐发生率明显降低 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但较大剂量氟哌利多 ( 组 )使患者镇静的发生率升高 (P<0 .0 5 ) .结论　中等剂量氟哌利多 (5 0 mg· L- 1 ,0 .12 5 mg·mg- 1吗啡 )可以有效预防静注吗啡 PCA所致的恶心、呕吐的发生 ,且不良反应较少     

术后不同硬膜外镇痛模式临床镇痛效应的比较

目的 比较术后硬膜外患者自控镇痛(PCA)和单纯持续输注(LC)两种模式的镇痛效应及其不良反应。方法 ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期手术患者200例,随机分成两组:Ⅰ组(n=100)采用Graseby-9500泵以LCP模式镇痛:负荷剂量5ml+持续剂量1ml/h+blous　1　ml/次,锁定时间10min镇痛药液为0.01％吗啡+0.2％罗哌卡因;Ⅱ组(n=100)采用艾克孚镇痛泵以LC模式镇痛,负荷剂量为吗啡1mg,持续给药以2ml/h,药液为0.004吗啡+0.2％罗哌卡因混合液。术后留置硬膜外导管接镇痛泵回病房后(VAS=0)开启。术后4,8,16,24 h进行镇痛效果评分,并观察可能出现的不良反应。结果 两组患者一般情况,术中硬膜外用药量,开启镇痛泵距最后一次硬膜外注药时间相似;Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组吗啡用量分别是(3.18±3.66)mg、(2.92±0.5)mg(P>0.05);罗哌卡因用量分别是(6.25± 0.73)mg、(9.6±0.81)mg(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组各时点VAS评分均低于Ⅱ组;Ramsay镇静评分及BCS舒适评分于8h时点Ⅰ组略高于Ⅱ组,其余各时段相似。两组恶心呕吐、瘙痒发生率基本一致。结论 0.01％～0.004％吗啡+0.2％罗哌卡因混合液硬膜外以LCP模式或LC模式均能达到较好的镇痛效果,但以LCP模式镇痛效果更佳。     

硫酸镁静脉输注对下肢骨折内固定术后芬太尼用量的影响

目的:观察静脉输注硫酸镁对下肢骨折内固定术后芬太尼用量的影响。方法:46例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期在连续硬膜外麻醉下行下肢骨折内固定的病人,随机分为输注硫酸镁组(MG组)和对照组(NS组)两组,各23例。MG组麻醉前给负荷剂量25%MgSO425mg/kg,继以200mg/h持续输注48h。NS组给相同体积的生理盐水。于术后4(T1)、8(T2)、18(T3)、24(T4)、48h(T5)记录病人视觉模拟评分(VAS)和PCIA泵中芬太尼的需求量,记录PCIA的不良反应。结果:两组病人镇痛效果均满意,VAS评分T3时MG组低于NS组(P<0.05);PCIA中芬太尼的总需求量MG组显著低于NS组(P<0.01)。结论:静脉输注硫酸镁可减少术后芬太尼的需求量、降低不良反应及提高病人的早期舒适度。     

右美沙芬复合小剂量吗啡用于术后镇痛

[目的]观察不同剂量右美沙芬复合小剂量吗啡用于上腹部手术后镇痛的临床效果。[方法]择期全麻上腹部手术病人131例随机分为4组,即A组(吗啡30 mg 右美沙芬10 mg)、B组(吗啡30 mg 右美沙芬20 mg)、C组(对照组吗啡30 mg)、M组(吗啡50 mg),术后均使用100 ml一次性镇痛泵镇痛。记录术后3、6、24、48 h VAS、Ramsay镇静评分、活动后VAS评分和48 h内使用吗啡总量并记录可能出现的副作用。[结果]术后6、24 h M组、B组VAS明显低于对照(P<0．05),A组6 h明显低于对照(P<0．05)。活动后VAS在6、24 h吗啡与B组明显低于对照(P<0．05),而A组与对照差异无显著性(P<0．05),且在6 h显著高于M组(P<0．05)。各组术后镇静评分无差异(P<0．05)。术后48 h吗啡总量M组明显高于其他3组(P< 0．05),A、B组明显低于C(P<0．05)组。术后恶心呕吐病例吗啡组明显高于其他3组(P<0．05)。[结论]小剂量右美沙芬与吗啡联合应用可增加吗啡的镇痛效果,减少吗啡用量和副作用,发挥节约吗啡作用,并减少自身的副作用。     

曲马多与吗啡静脉术后镇痛的临床效果比较

目的 :观察等效剂量的曲马多与吗啡单独用于PCIA治疗的临床疗效与不良反应。方法 :择期手术 4 0例随机分为两组 ,每组 2 0例。曲马多组于术后以曲马多 3 0mg/kg的负荷量静注后 ,再以 0 3mg·kg 1 ·h 1 的剂量静脉维持 ,吗啡组负荷量是 0 2mg/kg ,维持量是 0 0 2mg·kg 1 ·h 1 。治疗过程中患者仍感疼痛时自行按压PCIA泵的自控按钮。结果 :4 8h镇痛药液累积用量、镇痛效果VAS评分、恶心呕吐发生率两组间无显著差异 ,两组均未发生延迟性呼吸抑制 ,仅吗啡组出现皮肤瘙痒 ,尿潴留发生率吗啡组多于曲马多组。结论 :曲马多用于静脉术后镇痛 ,镇痛效果与吗啡相当 ,副作用更少     

氯诺昔康和吗啡在自控镇痛中的作用比较

目的　比较氯诺昔康和吗啡在患者静脉自控镇痛中的效果和副作用。方法　选择 6 0例要求使用镇痛泵的患者 ,随机分为氯诺昔康组 (L组 ,n =31)和吗啡组 (M组 ,n =2 9) ,接受静脉自控镇痛治疗 ,L组使用氯诺昔康 (4 8mg/ 4 8h) ,M组使用吗啡 (6 0mg/ 4 8h)。观察 2组患者术后镇痛效果 (疼痛缓解评分总和及疼痛程度差值总和 )、副作用 (瘙痒、恶心和呕吐、尿潴留 )。结果　L组和M组的疼痛缓解评分总和分别为 13 8± 2 8、14 1± 2 6 (P >0 0 5 ) ,疼痛程度差值总和分别为 9 4± 2 1、8 3± 2 9(P >0 0 5 )。L组的瘙痒、恶心和呕吐发生率低于M组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,尿潴留也低于M组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　氯诺昔康在患者静脉自控镇痛的镇痛效果与吗啡相近 ,而其副作用低于吗啡 ,应用于手术患者术后镇痛安全可靠     

帕洛诺司琼预防吗啡静脉镇痛术后恶心呕吐的效果

目的探讨帕洛诺司琼单次静脉注射用于预防吗啡静脉镇痛术后恶心、呕吐的效果。方法选择气管内全麻下手术患者76例,ASAⅠ级或Ⅱ级,分为Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,每组38例。Ⅰ组于麻醉前给予帕洛诺司琼0.25mg,Ⅱ组于麻醉前给予托烷司琼5 mg。术毕立即给予吗啡4 mg静脉推注,泵吗啡0.6 mg/kg+生理盐水稀释至100 mL,速度2 mL/h(NIPRO镇痛泵,日本)。分别于术后6、12、24、48和72 h观察患者恶心、呕吐的发生情况以及不良反应。结果与Ⅱ组相比,Ⅰ组术后25～48 h、49～72 h恶心评分明显降低(P<0.01,P<0.05);Ⅰ组患者术后49～72 h呕吐评分低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组患者术后0～24 h、25～72 h完全缓解率、完全控制率分别为55.3%、94.7%及63.2%、82.2%,均高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论术毕单次静脉注射帕洛诺司琼预防吗啡静脉镇痛术后恶心、呕吐效果优于托烷司琼。     

吸烟对肝脏肿瘤切除患者术后疼痛的影响

目的 观察吸烟对肝脏肿瘤切除患者术后切口疼痛的影响,评估吗啡对吸烟患者术后疼痛的治疗效果.方法 纳入上海东方肝胆外科医院择期全身麻醉下行肝脏肿瘤切除手术的肝癌患者120例,其中吸烟组42例,戒烟组38例,对照组40例,检测各组患者术前基础痛阈值,评估各组患者术后苏醒期、24 h、48 h疼痛数字等级评分(NRS)以及恶心呕吐视觉模拟评分(VAS),记录各组患者术后48 h内吗啡消耗量.结果 吸烟组术前基础痛阈值[(1.0±0.2)mA]低于戒烟组[(3.2±0.5)mA]以及对照组[(3.2±0.5)mA],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后48 h吗啡需要量[(45.8±2.6)mg]较戒烟组[(35.4±3.2)mg]以及对照组[(35.2±1.9)mg]增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),戒烟组与对照组的基础痛阈值和术后吗啡需要量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).吸烟组术后疼痛NRS分值和恶心呕吐VAS分值高于对照组及戒烟组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 术前长期慢性吸烟会导致患者手术后急性疼痛加重,单纯增加吗啡用量并不能显著缓解患者疼痛,提示阿片肽类药物可能不是吸烟患者术后首选的镇痛药物.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.