乳管镜临床诊断乳头溢液1025例分析

目的:评判乳管镜在临床诊断乳头溢液病因中的价值。方法:回顾性分析2006年2月至2008年3月乳管镜检查乳头溢液1025例的临床资料。结果:不同性状乳头溢液的乳管镜诊断有较明显的区别。经病理证实,乳管镜对乳头溢液病因的诊断符合率为93.7%(404/431)。结论:乳管镜可有效提高对乳头溢液病因诊断的准确率,有很高的临床应用价值。     

高清纤维乳管镜检查在乳头溢液中的临床应用及意义

目的探讨高清纤维乳管镜对乳头溢液性疾病诊断、治疗的临床价值。方法回顾性分析400例乳头溢液患者的乳管镜检查结果、结合其中95例患者术后病理结果进行统计分析。结果乳管镜诊断正常乳管18例,导管扩张症伴导管炎症287例,其中重度乳管炎124例。乳腺导管内占位95例,其中病理证实乳腺导管内癌14例,导管内乳头状瘤81例。肿瘤性符合率100%。结论乳管镜对乳头溢液有直接的征象,是明确乳头溢液疾病病因的最重要检查手段,对乳头溢液诊断和治疗有重要的指导作用。     

乳导管镜在乳头溢液中的临床应用

目的 探计乳导管镜在乳头溢液检查中的临床应用价值.方法 用乳导管镜对乳头溢液之导管进行检查.并分析检查结果.结果 98例乳头溢液中,共检查118乳孔,发现乳管内乳头状瘤35例,乳头状瘤病3例,乳导管扩张症7例,乳管内癌4例.结论 乳寻管镜能对病变乳管作出明确的诊断和定位,是乳头溢液患者病因诊断的最佳方法,对指导临床治疗有重要意义.     

乳腺导管镜诊断乳头溢液94例

目的探讨乳头溢液的病因。方法乳头溢液患者94例自溢液管插入乳腺导管镜观察乳管结构及内容物状况。结果乳管镜插入成功率100%,镜下发现乳管内肿物69例（73.4%）;其中导管癌可能9例（其中似原位导管癌3例）;乳管扩张、炎症25例。结论乳管镜检查为乳头溢液病因诊断的首选方法,对导管癌及癌前病变的早期发现有重要价值。     

纤维乳管镜在异常乳头溢液性疾病诊断中的应用

目的:探讨纤维乳管镜在异常乳头溢液性疾病诊断中的价值。方法:回顾分析纤维乳管镜检查乳头溢液297例的临床资料。结果:297例患者经纤维乳管镜(FDS)诊断为慢性乳管炎188例,其中15例行手术治疗,术后均经病理证实;导管内乳头状瘤71例,均行手术治疗,病理证实69例为导管内乳头状瘤,2例为慢性乳管炎;乳管扩张26例;导管癌12例,均行手术治疗,并经病理证实。血性溢液、淡黄色浆液性溢液与导管癌、导管内乳头状瘤有一定的关系(P<0.01)。结论:纤维乳管镜能早期诊断乳腺癌,并对瘤体作出定位;对慢性乳管炎诊断的同时可以做介入治疗,是异常乳头溢液患者病因诊断的首选检查。     

乳导管镜在乳头溢液中的临床应用

目的探讨乳导管镜在乳头溢液检查中的临床应用价值。方法用乳导管镜对乳头溢液之导管进行检查，并分析检查结果。结果98例乳头溢液中，共检查118乳孔，发现乳管内乳头状瘤35例，乳头状瘤病3例，乳导管扩张症7例，乳管内癌4例。结论乳导管镜能对病变乳管作出明确的诊断和定位，是乳头溢液患者病因诊断的最佳方法，对指导临床治疗有重要意义。     

乳管镜检查与乳管造影对乳头溢液诊断价值的比较

目的比较乳管镜检查与乳管造影对乳头溢液的诊断价值。方法对2005年3月至2008年11月197例乳头溢液患者行乳管检查与乳管镜造影检查并进行临床对照研究。结果乳管镜对乳管内隆起性病变的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别97.80%,73.33%,97.80%,73.33%;乳管造影对乳管内隆起性病变的诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为84.00%,64.86%,61.76%,85.71%。乳管镜检查与乳管造影对乳管内病变的诊断的准确性分别为93.41%,59.5%。结论乳管镜检查对乳头溢液的病因诊断明显优于乳管造影,是乳头溢液的首选检查方法。     

纤维乳管镜对乳管内病变的诊疗价值

目的观察纤维乳管镜对于乳管内病变的临床疗效。方法选取2016年8月至2017年12月首都医科大学附属北京中医医院乳腺科非生理性乳头溢液患者共计254例进行回顾性分析。结果对于乳管内非占位性病变,乳管镜冲洗有显著疗效。对于乳管内占位性病变,不同颜色、不同性状的乳头溢液,乳管镜诊断具有显著的意义,其中暗红色血性溢液、淡黄色浆液性溢液明显高于白色乳汁样、无色透明样;在对乳腺癌的诊断上暗红色血性组发病率最高。手术方式上:与传统手术比较,乳管镜定位下手术病理诊断符合率更高,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8. 194,P=0. 004)。结论乳管镜不仅能够诊断产生乳头溢液的病因,而且对于乳管内非占位性病变的乳头溢液,通过冲洗可起到良好的效果,对于乳管内占位性病变,乳管镜定位下手术可避免手术盲切,为准确切除病灶提高依据。     

乳管内窥镜在乳头溢液病因诊断中的价值

目的：探讨乳管内窥镜对乳头溢液的病因诊断价值。方法：应用日本产OLYMPUS乳管内窥镜为42例乳头溢液患实施患病乳管检查乳管。结果：除4例只能看到主乳管外，其余可观察到1-4级乳管，手术病例的镜下诊断结果除3例与病理不符外，其余均相符。结论：乳管内窥镜对于乳头溢液的病因诊断有重要作用。     

乳管镜在乳头溢液病因诊断中的应用

目的探讨乳管镜在乳头溢液病因诊断中的应用价值。方法将女性乳头溢液的患者，依照病程、体征进行乳腺导管内窥镜检查作出相应的诊断与治疗。结果乳头溢液是乳腺疾病引起的重要症状和体征，通过对这一现象的早期发现，对已确诊的乳腺疾病，按良、恶性程度，分别施以保守或不同方式的手术治疗，取得了良好的疗效。结论乳头溢液与乳腺疾病关系密切，乳管镜的临床应用极大地提高了乳头溢液病因诊断的准确性，对乳腺疾病特别是对乳腺癌早期诊断、早期治疗具有较高的临床价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.