青光眼阀植入物治疗难治性青光眼

目的观察Ahmed青光眼引流植入物治疗难治性青光眼的疗效.方法采用Ahmed青光眼引流植入物,共治疗28例(29只眼)难治性青光眼,其中新生血管性青光眼10例(10只眼),青少年型青光眼5例(6只眼),其它青光眼13例(13只眼).结果术后随访3～12个月,新生血管性青光眼的眼压由术前40.9±7.32 mmHg降至20.63±2.75 mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa);人工晶体联合玻璃体手术后青光眼的眼压由术前41±5.66mmHg降至术后18.00±2.12 mmHg;青少年型青光眼的眼压由术前33.65±5.28 mmHg降至术后16.45±1.48 mmHg;常规滤过性手术失败的青光眼的眼压由术前31.43±4.13 mmHg降至18.13±1.25 mmHg.术后常见并发症有浅前房、前房积血、前葡萄膜炎等.结论Ahmed青光眼引流植入物是治疗难治性青光眼的一种较为有效的降眼压方法.眼科学报2000;16259～261.     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术中联合应用透明质酸钠治疗NVG

目的：探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)术中联合前房内注入透明质酸钠对手术疗效及术后并发症发生率的影响。

方法：回顾性病例对照研究。选择我院2009/2011年因新生血管性青光眼住院手术的患者49例49眼,按病历号奇偶随机分为两组。对照组行单纯Ahmed青光眼阀植入术,术中前房内不予注入透明质酸钠,研究组术中在将Ahmed青光眼阀硅胶管置入前房前往前房内注入透明质酸钠0.2～0.3mL,术后定期随访1mo,比较两组间术后眼压、最佳矫正视力变化及术后浅前房、前房出血、脉络膜脱离等并发症发生情况。组间手术前后眼压对比采用独立样本秩和检验(非正态分布),组间并发症比较采用χ²检验。

结果：新生血管性青光眼术后随访1mo,研究组27眼眼压由42.8±5.56mmHg降至17.7±3.77mmHg,对照组22眼由42.5±5.36mmHg降至18.6±5.39mmHg; 术后并发症：研究组术后浅前房2例,术后出血1例; 对照组术后浅前房4例,术后出血5例,研究组前房硅胶管位置欠佳1例。

结论：Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼术中联合前房内注入透明质酸钠,可有效减少术后前房出血的发生,术后短期内会导致患者眼压升高,而对患者远期眼压无明显影响。     

白内障超声乳化联合房角粘连分离术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼

目的观察白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入联合房角粘连分离术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼的疗效以及术后房角形态的改变。方法白内障超声乳化联合房角粘连分离术治疗慢性闭角型青光眼32例(36只眼),对其手术前后的视力、眼压、视野、中央前房深度、房角形态进行对照观察。结果术后随访3~7个月,32例(36只眼)有31例(35只眼)视力较术前明显提高。36只眼术后中央前房深度均加深,术前前房深度(1.557±0.338)mm,术后前房深度(3.382±0.197)mm。35只眼术后眼压明显降低,术前眼压(26.655±3.274)mmHg,术后眼压(13.96±4.045)mmHg。房角镜和UBM术后1月检查32例(36只眼)房角均开放,术后3月房角镜和UBM检查未发现房角再次粘连。26例(28只眼)术后6月复查视野无缩小。结论白内障超声乳化房角分离术可有效治疗合并白内障的慢性闭角型青光眼。     

Ahmed 青光眼阀门植入物手术治疗顽固性青光眼

目的　评价Ahmed青光眼阀门 (AGV)植入物手术治疗顽固性青光眼的临床效果 ,探讨其手术并发症以及处理。方法　对 3 0例顽固性青光眼施行Ahmed青光眼阀门植入术 ,其中包括 14例新生血管性青光眼 ,2例假晶状体性青光眼 ,4例无晶状体性青光眼 ,6例有滤过性手术失败史的青光眼与 4例伴有葡萄膜炎的青光眼 ,术后随访 3～ 18个月。结果　在术后平均 (9± 4)个月的随访期间眼压由术前的 (41 40± 8 0 3 )mmHg下降到 (2 0 55± 9 53 )mmHg ,总有效率为 86 7% ,其中新生血管性青光眼有效率占 85 7% ,其他类型有效率占 87 5%。手术并发症包括短暂性浅前房 ,脉络膜脱离 ,引流管内口堵塞等。结论　Ahmed青光眼阀门近期疗效高于其他房水引流植入物 ,可使因引流过畅所致的并发症明显减少 ,为治疗顽固性青光眼提供了一种新的有效的治疗途径     

AGV植入联合MMC及视网膜光凝治疗NVG

目的：观察 Ahmed青光眼阀(Ahmed glaucoma valve,AGV)植入术中应用丝裂霉素C(MMC)联合视网膜光凝治疗新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)的临床疗效。

方法：回顾性分析行AGV植入术中应用MMC联合视网膜光凝术治疗的41 例41眼NVG患者临床资料,观察患者眼压变化、视力变化、手术成功率及并发症情况。

结果：患者术前平均眼压49.8±4.3mmHg,术后1,3,6,12mo分别为18.30±4.50,19.40±5.37,18.45±4.60,17.85±3.66mmHg。末次随访平均眼压20.25±4.2mmHg,与术前眼压相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访6～24mo,手术成功率为93% ,其中完全成功36眼(88%),部分成功2眼(5%),失败3眼(7%)。手术前后视力差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后常见并发症为术后早期低眼压4眼(10%); 术后浅前房1眼(2%); 前房少量出血3眼(7%); 引流管内口阻塞1眼(2%)。

结论：AGV植入术中应用MMC联合视网膜光凝治疗NVG临床疗效显著,可以有效降低NVG患者的眼压。     

减压阀引流术治疗新生血管性青光眼的远期疗效观察

目的观察青光眼减压阀植入手术治疗新生血管性青光眼的远期疗效。方法采用Ahmed青光眼减压阀治疗新生血管性青光眼32例（32只眼）。青光眼控制标准为6mmHg≤眼压≥21mmHg。结果手术总成功率81.25%,术后随访3～36个月,眼压从术前平均（54.66&#177;9.30）mmHg下降为术后平均（17.30&#177;6.70）mmHg。主要并发症：术后早期低眼压10只眼（31.25%）,浅前房8只眼（25.0%）,前房出血1只眼（3.12%）,脉络膜脱离2只眼（6.25%）,前房导管口阻塞2只眼（6.25%）。术后视力无改变。结论应用青光眼减压阀植入手术治疗新生血管性青光眼是一种相对有效、安全的治疗方法。     

超声乳化人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障

目的：探讨超声乳化人工晶状体植入术联合房角分离术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床效果,为治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障提供依据。

方法：回顾分析2010-01/2011-10入选本研究的95例112眼闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者的临床资料,对其行超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入术联合房角分离术治疗,对其疗效进行分析,观察治疗前后视力、眼压、前房深度、房角的变化及并发症的情况。计量资料采用配对t检验进行分析。

结果：术前视力、眼压、前房深度分别为0.14±0.18,34.5±6.5mmHg,1.51±0.27mm; 术后1wk; 1,6mo视力分别是0.61±0.14,0.61±0.2,0.60±0.151; 术后1wk; 1,6mo眼压分别是13.1±3.7,12.8±3.9,12.9±4.3mmHg; 前房深度为2.49±0.3 1,2.45±0.39,2.46±0.43mm; 术后1wk; 1,6mo的眼压明显低于术前眼压,视力、前房深度、房角变化在手术前后具有显著的差异(P<0.05)。术后不同的时段,各参数之间均无显著的差异。房角镜检查：112眼房角均完全开放。术后浅前房、高眼压率及前房炎症反应等均得到及时有效的治疗。

结论：超声乳化白内障摘除人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗白内障合并闭角型青光眼可明显地提高视力,安全有效、方便快捷、并发症少,可广泛运用。     

350-mm2Baerveldt青光眼引流管植入术治疗合并人工晶体植入后的难治性青光眼

目的 评价350-mm2Baerveldt青光眼引流管植入术治疗合并人工晶体植入后的难治性青光眼的疗效.方法 回顾性研究了2000年6月到2004年5月,在新加坡国立眼科中心32例33眼350-mm2Baerveldt青光眼引流管植入术治疗合并人工晶体植入术后的难治性青光眼,手术成功的标准定为眼压大于等于6 mmHg同时小于等于21 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),必要时用抗青光眼药物,手术失败的标准定为眼压小于6 mmHg或大于21 mmHg,再次行抗青光眼手术或视力光感消失.结果 术后平均随访时间为30.78 m±15.34 m(14-49)m,平均眼压从术前32.30±7.52(23-50)mmHg,到术后最终随访时间15.41±5.85(5-25)mmHg(P＜0.001)下降52.29%.完全成功眼压大于等于6 mmHg和小于等于21 mmHg且不用抗青光眼药物,最终随访时为51.52%,部分成功率上述相同眼压条件但加用抗青光眼药物为24.24%.手术后最终随访视力提高或不变者为16眼,占48.48%,20眼占60.60%无术中术后并发症,8眼手术后出现暂时性前房出血,3眼出现低眼压合并浅前房,其中2眼出现渗出性脉络膜脱离,2眼最后出现大泡性角膜病变,1眼引流管蚀出,1眼视力光感消失.结论 350-mm2Baerveldt青光眼引流管植入物在治疗合并人工晶体植入术后的难治性青光眼中,大部分患者能有效的降低眼压,并且出现较少的严重手术并发症.     

AHMED阀门植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效

目的:探讨阀门植入术治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效。方法:采用AHMED阀门植入术治疗15例(15只眼)新生血管性青光眼。随访6～42个月。结果:眼压由术前6.01±1.28 kPa(1 kPa=7.5mmHg)下降到术后的1.96±0.68 kPa。手术成功率为80.0％(0.80 kPa≤眼压≤2.80 kPa及无影响视力的严重并发症)。术后并发症主要包括前房出血、浅前房。结论:AHMED阀门植入术可有效地降低眼压,提高手术成功率,保护视功能,是治疗新生血管性青光眼的有效、安全的方法。眼科学报1998;14:87—89。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的疗效观察

目的 观察Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效及并发症.方法 32例(32眼)难治性青光眼患者应用Ahmed青光眼阀植入术进行治疗,观察患者术后眼压、视力及并发症,并与术前进行比较.结果 本组患者手术成功率为87.50％,其中新生血管性青光眼患者术后成功率为85.71％,其他类型青光眼患者成功率为90.91％.术前眼压为(45.3±11.3)mmHg(1kPa =7.5mmHg),术后最后一次随访眼压(16.57±5.31)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(t=-13.017,P＜0.05).术后视力提高14例,视力不变16例,视力下降2例.术后并发症包括短暂性浅前房7例,前房积血4例,脉络膜脱落3例,引流盘周围纤维包裹2例.结论 Ahmed青光眼阀应用于治疗难治性青光眼疗效较好,并发症较少.     

XEN‐45 collagen implant for the treatment of uveitic glaucoma

Importance

The XEN‐45 implant, a hydrophilic collagen implant which drains aqueous to the subconjunctival space, has not been investigated in the context of uveitic glaucoma.

Background

To determine the safety and efficacy of the XEN‐45 collagen implant in eyes with uveitic glaucoma.

Design

Exploratory prospective case series.

Participants

patients with medically uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma.

Methods

Twenty‐four consecutive patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] = 45.3 ± 18.1 years) were implanted with the XEN‐45 implant.

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction at 12 months as compared to baseline. Secondary outcome measures included ocular hypotensive medication use at 12 months, the requirement for further glaucoma surgery and failure. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were documented.

Results

The baseline mean ± SD IOP was 30.5 ± 9.8 mmHg and the mean ± SD number of glaucoma medications required was 3.3 ± 0.8. In 20 eyes (83.3%) in whom conventional glaucoma surgery was originally perceived to be inevitable, further surgery was not required after XEN‐45 implantation. The mean IOP was reduced by 60.2% from baseline to 12.2 ± 3.1 mmHg and mean medication usage was reduced to 0.4 ± 0.9 at 12 months (both P < 0.001). One patient had hypotony persisting beyond 2 months that required surgical revision and one patient developed blebitis. The 12‐month cumulative Kaplan–Meier survival probability was 79.2%.

Conclusions and Relevance

The XEN‐45 implant is effective for the treatment of patients with medically uncontrolled uveitic glaucoma. Potentially sight‐threatening complications, including bleb‐related ocular infection and persistent hypotony, may occur.     

Translational neuroprotection research in glaucoma: a review of definitions and principles

The maintenance of vision, through prevention and attenuation of neuronal injury in glaucoma, forms the basis of current clinical practice. Currently, the reduction of intraocular pressure is the only proven method to achieve these goals. Although this strategy enjoys considerable success, some patients progress to blindness; hence, additional management options are highly desirable. Several terms describing treatment modalities of neuronal diseases with potential applicability to glaucoma are used in the literature, including neuroprotection, neurorecovery, neurorescue and neuroregeneration. These phenomena have not been defined within a coherent framework. Here, we suggest a set of definitions, postulates and principles to form a foundation for the successful translation of novel glaucoma therapies from the laboratory to the clinic.     

穿刺巩膜隧道植入Ahmed青光眼阀治疗难治性青光眼的疗效

目的:观察用23G针头直接穿刺制作巩膜隧道的方式植入Ahmed青光眼阀(Ahmed glaucoma valve,AGV)治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效及并发症。方法:观察44例44眼难治性青光眼患者,应用23G针头直接穿刺制作巩膜隧道,行青光眼阀植入术进行治疗。观察患者术后眼压、视力、并发症,并与术前进行对比。结果:本组患者成功率84.1%。术前眼压:52.1±10.1mm Hg,最后一次随访眼压15.6±6.9mm Hg。视力提高者11眼,视力无改变者27眼,视力降低者6眼。并发症包括:浅前房4例,脉络膜脱离3例,引流管移位1例,前房积血6例,引流管阻塞1例,脉络膜驱逐性出血1例,引流盘包裹5例。结论:直接穿刺巩膜隧道的方法植入青光眼阀,手术操作简单可行,避免了制瓣及异体巩膜移植,并简化了手术操作,防止术后房水管周渗漏,术后浅前房发生率低,为切实可行的手术方法。     

Predictability of success for combined iStent inject trabecular bypass implantation with phacoemulsification in the subsequent eye

Background

To investigate in combined iStent inject implantation with phacoemulsification carried out bilaterally, whether intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effectiveness in the first eye has a predictive potential for the outcome of the second eye in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

This retrospective study included 72 eyes from 36 participants, who underwent trabecular bypass implantation in combination with cataract surgery at two study centres (Düsseldorf, Cologne). Surgery was classified as either ‘success’ or ‘failure’ based on three scores: IOP at follow-up <21 mmHg (Score A) or IOP < 18 mmHg (Score B), with an IOP reduction >20% respectively, without re-surgery and IOP ≤ 15 mmHg with an IOP reduction ≥40%, without re-surgery (Score C).

Results

The IOP lowering outcomes of first and second eyes did not differ significantly. There was a significantly higher chance of success in the second eye after effective surgery in the first eye compared with cases after a preceding failure. Within our cohort, a 76% probability of success for the subsequent eye was determined following prior success for Score A. This probability was reduced to 13% if surgery in the first eye failed. The respective probabilities were 75% and 13% for Score B and 40% and 7% for Score C.

Conclusions

In bilateral trabecular bypass implantation combined with cataract surgery, there is a high predictive potential for subsequent eyes based on the extent of IOP-lowering in the initial eye, which should be considered by the surgeon for second eye surgeries.     

Phacotrabeculectomy in Treatment of Primary Angle-closure Glaucoma and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Purpose To evaluate the surgical outcome of combined phacoemulsification, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and trabeculectomy (phacotrabeculectomy) in patients with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) or primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods The records of 57 consecutive patients (65 eyes) with PACG or POAG that were treated with phacotrabeculectomy were reviewed retrospectively. There were 31 eyes with PACG and 34 with POAG. The mean follow-up period was 21.0 ± 8.3 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, and complications were evaluated.Results The mean IOP and the number of glaucoma medications decreased significantly after phacotrabeculectomy in both groups. The mean IOP reduction was significantly greater in eyes with PACG (P < 0.05). The absolute success rates were 87.1% and 70.6% in PACG and POAG, respectively. The difference in the success rates was not significant (P = 0.297). The early postoperative complication rates were similar in both groups.Conclusions Phacotrabeculectomy results in greater IOP reduction in eyes with PACG than in those with POAG, but the overall success rates were not significantly different. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:408–411 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004     

A case of spontaneously resolved primary congenital glaucoma

Primary congenital glaucoma usually presents as enlarged and hazy cornea at birth or early childhood. The diagnosis is based on a thorough clinical examination under anesthesia. Most cases require surgical intervention as the definitive treatment. In very rare instances, primary congenital glaucoma may arrest and resolve spontaneously. We describe a case of spontaneously arrested and resolved primary congenital glaucoma in a 37-year-old male presenting with large cornea, Haab''s striae, and normal intraocular pressure in one eye. Such a case has not been previously described from the Indian subcontinent.     

Managing high risk glaucoma with the Ahmed valve implant: 20 years of experience

AIM: To estimate the efficacy and safety of the Ahmed implant in patients with high risk for failure after glaucoma surgery. METHODS: In 342 eyes of 342 patients with refractory glaucoma, even with application of medical treatment, the Ahmed valve was introduced for intraocular pressure (IOP) control, in the period of the last 20y. The nature of glaucoma was neovascular in 162 eyes, pseudophakic or aphakic in 49 eyes, inflammatory in 29 eyes and non working previous antiglaucomatic surgical interventions in 102 eyes. RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 18 to 120mo with a mean follow-up of 63.2mo. IOP before the operation decreased from 31.6±10.4 mm Hg to 18.3±5.4 mm Hg (no systemic treatment) at the end of follow up period. When we compared the IOP values before the operation using ANOVA showed statistically significant difference (P<0.001). The success rate was 85.2% during the first semester, 76.8% at 12mo and 50.3% at the end of follow up period (18 to 120mo after implantation). Success rate was 25.7% in neovascular glaucoma, 63.2% in aphakic glaucoma and 73.8% in non working previous antiglaucomatic surgical interventions. Complications due to the implant were: serous choroidal detachment in 14.8%, blockage of the tube in 2.8%, malposition of the tube in 4.9%, suprachoroidal hemorrhage in 2.1%, cataract progression in 39.6% (phakic eyes), shallow anterior chamber in 9.2%, hyphaema in 28.9%, exposure of valve in 2.6%, exposure of tube in 9.3%, hypotony in 4.9% and conjunctival fibrosis in 41.5%. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that Ahmed valve implant had suchlike results as other implants concerning the IOP control, complications rate due to hypotony or over filtration in the first days after the intervention are not that frequent as with other valve implants.     

Ahmed青光眼阀治疗难治性青光眼的作用和现状

青光眼是致盲性疾病,难治性青光眼的治疗更为棘手.青光眼房水引流物的出现,是治疗难治性青光眼的突破性进展,提高了中短期治疗成功率,同时也存在较多并发症.本文就常用的引流植入物-Ahmed青光眼阀在治疗难治性青光眼中的作用和研究现状作一综述.     

Optineurin gene is not involved in the common high-tension form of primary open-angle glaucoma

Purpose To assess the influence of optineurin in the more common high-tension, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods Eighteen sporadic cases and 35 probands from 35 familial cases, including three families with one member having normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), were enrolled. Using transgenomic WAVE denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), all coding portion of the optineurin gene (from exon 4 to exon 16) was analyzed. Samples displaying an altered elution profile were sequenced to confirm and identify sequence variants. Exon 4 containing the previously reported p.E50K (Glu50Lys) recurrent mutation (covering 13% of normotensive cases) was entirely sequenced.Results We did not detect the mutation p.E50K, and we did not find any other pathogenic mutation. A putative splice-site mutation was detected in one family. Extension of segregation analysis to additional family members and mRNA investigation failed to establish a certain involvement of this mutation with the disease. We detected a number of common polymorphisms, including the previously reported p.M98K (Met98Lys) variant.Conclusions In this population, mutations in the optineurin gene are not associated with adult-onset primary POAG.Grants and funds: Scientific award from Società Oftalmologica Italiana, Roma, Italy, 2002 and grant number 9906304246 of Ministero della Istruzione, della Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), Roma, Italy, 1999, to R.F and A.R.