内镜超声引导下经胃穿刺覆膜金属支架引流胰腺假性囊肿的初步临床研究

目的评价临床应用胆道覆膜自膨式金属支架引流胰腺假性囊肿的有效性、可行性和安全性。方法回顾分析2013年9月至2014年5月在长海医院接受内镜超声（EUS）引导下经胃胰腺假性囊肿全覆膜自膨式金属支架引流的11例患者病例和随访资料。引流方法采用EUS引导下经胃壁穿刺至囊腔,置入导丝,用囊肿切开刀进行针道扩张,置入金属覆膜支架引流。术后定期随访,囊肿消失后拔除支架。评价操作成功率、治愈成功率、并发症发生率。结果11例患者均完成囊肿穿刺、全覆膜金属支架置入引流术,手术成功率为100％,2例患者并发感染,1例患者发生支架移位,无出血、穿孔、死亡病例。其中7例已完成支架拔除术,囊肿均完全消失。结论EUS引导下经胃穿刺胆道覆膜金属支架引流胰腺假性囊肿手术成功率、治愈率高,并发症发生率较低。     

超声引导下穿刺引流和超声内镜下经胃引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床疗效比较

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿引流治疗的临床效果,并将腹部超声引导下经皮穿刺置管引流和内镜超声引导下经胃引流的疗效进行比较。方法回顾性分析2004年以来21例通过引流治疗的胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料,分析引流治疗效果。结果21例患者全部完成穿刺置管,成功率为100％,其中3例患者因并发症转外科手术,16例囊肿消失,2例囊肿明显缩小,治疗效果明显。超声引导经皮穿刺置管不受囊肿形成时间限制,方法简便安全,出血并发症少,但带管时问长;超声内镜下引流病人痛苦小,但对内镜技术要求高,出血并发症稍多。结论超声引导下囊肿穿刺引流是诊断、治疗胰腺假性囊肿的重要方法,选择经皮引流还是超声内镜下引流应根据具体病情和科室条件条件而定。     

内镜超声引导下经胃穿刺置管引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿36例

目的:评价内镜超声(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)胰腺假性囊肿经胃穿刺置管引流术的价值.方法:回顾性分析2005-02/2010-05于我院行EUS引导下经胃穿刺置管引流术的36例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床资料.结果:本组36例患者中,34例成功完成穿刺和置管,成功率为94.4%(34/36).并发症发生率17.6%(6/34),分别为感染、支架堵塞与移位.平均手术时间为50(40-65)min.置入支架后平均住院时间为4.7(2-9)d.平均支架留存时间为6.9(4-11)mo.平均随访时间为30(10-60)mo.内镜治愈率为97.1%(33/34).未见囊肿复发.结论:EUS引导下经胃穿刺置管引流术是一种安全、有效、微创的治疗胰腺假性囊肿的方法.     

内镜超声治疗胰腺假性囊肿内引流支架的选择

目的　探讨内镜超声（endoscopic ultrasound,EUS）引导下经胃内引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿时,不同型号塑料支架的引流效果。方法　对兰州大学第一医院外科内镜中心2014年3月—2020年12月所施行的EUS引导下经胃内引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿患者的相关临床资料进行回顾性分析,将患者分为置入“双猪尾”10 F双塑料支架组和置入“双猪尾”7 F双塑料支架组,比较这两组塑料支架的引流效果、并发症及远期疗效。结果　共纳入29例胰腺假性囊肿患者,其中10 F双塑料支架组11例,7 F双塑料支架组18例,两组手术操作时间分别为（48.2±8.0）min及（34.7±5.8）min,差异有统计学意义（t=5.24,P<0.001）。术后腹痛［18.2%（2/11）比5.6%（1/18）］、发热［9.1%（1/11）比11.1%（2/18）］及出血（均无）等并发症发生率,两组间对比差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。2个月后复查CT,10 F双塑料支架组、7 F双塑料支架组嚢腔完全消失率分别为90.9%（10/11）和88.9%（16/18）,两组差异无统计学意义（P=1.00）。结论　对于符合EUS引导下经胃内引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿标准的患者,7 F与10 F支架的引流效果及并发症发生率相当,但7 F支架具有手术操作便利、时间较短的优点,值得临床推广。     

超声内镜引导下胰腺假性囊肿引流术的临床疗效分析

目的 评价超声内镜(EUS)引导下胰腺假性囊肿(PPC)引流术的安全性和有效性.方法 17例PPC患者行EUS以探查和确定适当的穿刺点及穿刺深度,经内镜活检孔将穿刺针刺入PPC腔内,用注射器抽出囊液,X线引导下沿针孔插入导丝,沿导丝置入针状刀以切开胃壁和囊壁,行球囊扩张,根据囊液性状选择引流方式.评价操作成功率、治疗成功率、并发症发生率和操作技巧.结果 4例行鼻囊肿管外引流,9例行双猪尾支架内引流,4例行鼻囊肿管和双猪尾支架联合引流,其治疗成功率分别为3/4、7/9、4/4.1例患者于支架放置成功后见穿刺部位渗血,因内镜下治疗等措施无效而转行外科手术缝扎止血.4例患者在PPC引流过程中出现感染,其中2例因内科治疗效果不佳转行外科手术切除,另2例经静脉滴注囊液细菌敏感抗生素和经鼻囊肿管甲硝唑溶液冲洗PPC处理后痊愈.中位随访时间为28.5个月,无1例复发.结论 EUS引导下PPC引流术安全有效,支架和鼻囊肿管引流对PPC治疗具有重要价值.     

内镜经十二指肠乳头引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床应用疗效分析

目的评估内镜经十二指肠乳头引流治疗巨大胰腺假性囊肿（脓肿）的临床应用疗效。方法2003年6月至2006年6月取沈阳军区总医院消化内镜中心按照统一标准选择入组的胰腺假性囊肿（脓肿）病例10例，其中非感染性8例，感染性1例，胰腺脓肿1例。均采用内镜经乳头引流治疗，通过回顾性总结临床治疗和相关研究指标变化，综合评估此种治疗方法的临床应用疗效。结果内镜治疗失败1例，术后并发假性囊肿感染2例，急性胰腺炎1例。8例随访观察平均16．5个月，其中假性囊肿完全消失4例，假性囊肿残腔形成1例，假性囊肿不断缩小3例。急性重症胰腺炎2例治愈。结论内镜经乳头引流治疗胰腺炎合并巨大胰腺假性囊肿（脓肿）是一种确切有效的治疗方法。     

超声内镜引导下经胃壁电穿孔造瘘术内引流胰腺假性囊肿

[目的]评价超声内镜引导下经胃壁造瘘置入双猪尾支架内引流胰腺假性囊肿的疗效及安全性。[方法]回顾性分析行超声内镜引导下经胃壁造瘘置入双猪尾支架内引流胰腺假性囊肿患者5例的临床资料。[结果]5例胰腺假性囊肿患者,囊肿最大15cm×10cm、最小7cm×5cm,分别位于胰腺头体尾部、体尾部和尾部,巨大囊肿患者胃体窦小弯侧有明显压迹。5例患者均一次性电穿孔造瘘内引流成功,成功率100%,随访6~12个月无复发,治愈率100%。[结论]超声内镜引导下经胃壁电穿孔造瘘置管内引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿疗效确切,并发症少。     

假性胰腺囊肿的内镜治疗

目的 观察经十二指肠乳头引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的疗效以及并发症，探讨新的微创治疗方法。方法 选择胰腺假性囊肿患者8例，均有2次以上外科手术史，再次外科手术难度较大。经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)后，十二指肠乳头、主胰管括约肌切开，行内引流管置人或主胰管探条扩张治疗，囊肿消失后经内镜取出内引流管。结果 ERCP提示，3例囊肿与主胰管相通，l例囊肿压迫造成胆总管下段狭窄梗阻。置入内引流管5例；探条扩张治疗3例。术后l～4个月囊肿完全消失7例；l例囊肿缩小约l／3，临床症状消失，随访6个月囊肿未再缩小，转外科手术治疗。术后2例出现一过性血、尿淀粉酶升高，无严重并发症发生。结论：ERCP及其派生的治疗技术，治疗胰腺假性囊肿有效、安全，可作为胰腺假性囊肿的微创治疗方法。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺置管序贯治疗胰腺假性囊肿远期疗效观察

目的:探讨并总结超声引导下经皮穿刺置管序贯治疗胰腺假性囊肿的远期疗效。方法:回顾性分析经保守治疗无效的266例胰腺假性囊肿患者的临床病历资料,其中234例患者行超声引导下经皮穿刺置管序贯治疗,32例患者转外科手术治疗;分析其远期疗效及影响因素。结果:266例患者共有298个胰腺假性囊肿,234例经皮穿刺置管序贯治疗的患者均成功完成超声引导下的置管引流,且未出现胰漏、感染扩散等并发症。225例患者治疗有效,囊腔闭合,囊肿消失,有效率96.2%。其中5例复发,复发率为2.3%。32例外科手术治疗患者,有效率96.7%。1例患者复发,复发率为3.1%。所有患者随访超过12个月。结论:超声引导下经皮穿刺置管序贯治疗胰腺假性囊肿安全有效,具有微创、住院时间短及并发症少等优点。     

经乳头内镜胰腺假性囊肿引流术

文章报告了３０例接受经乳头内镜胰腺假性囊肿引流术（ｅｎｄｕｓｃｏｐｉｃｔｒａｎｓｐａｐｉｌｌａｒｙｃｙｓｔｄｒａｉｎａｇｅ，ＥＴＣＤ）治疗的胰腺假性囊肿病人。２例病因为胆源性急性胰腺炎，２８例为慢性胰腺炎引起，平均主胰管最大直径４．２ｍｍ（３～１２ｍｍ），１１例存在胰管狭窄。本方法为通过主或副乳头置入假体管以引流与胰管系统相通的胰腺假性囊肿。施行诊断性ＥＲＣＰ后，进行短距（５ｍｍ）胰管括约肌切开术，可能的话事先行胆管括约肌切开术，扩张胰管狭窄后，置入胰管支架管，将导丝插入胰管并尽可能接近胰腺假性…     

Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses after an EUS-guided 1-step procedure for initial access

BACKGROUND: In this prospective case series, endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses was investigated following an EUS-guided 1-step procedure for initial transmural access. METHODS: Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses was performed in 35 patients (mean age, 51 years; range, 21-81 years) by using interventional echoendoscopes (FG38UX and EG3830UT; Pentax-Hitachi, Lübbecke, Germany). Interventions were performed by using a 1-step device consisting of a needle-wire suitable for cutting current, a 5.5F dilator, and an 8.5F plastic endoprosthesis (Giovannini Needle Wire Oasis, Cook Endoscopy, Winston-Salem, NC). RESULTS: Endoscopic stent placement was successful in 33 of 35 patients (94%), whereas repeated needle passages were unsuccessful in 2 cases (pancreatic pseudocyst wall, 7 mm). No procedure-related complications, such as bleeding, perforation, or pneumoperitoneum, were observed. All subsequent complications, such as ineffective drainage (9%), stent occlusion (12%), or cyst infection (12%), were managed endoscopically. Fourteen patients (43%) demonstrated sustained clinical improvement and cyst resolution upon placement of the initial 8.5F transmural drain. Ten patients (30%) did not reveal a 50% reduction in cyst size on day 3, but cyst resolution was achieved by additional endoscopic cyst irrigation. Nine patients (27%) with primary or secondary cyst infection underwent endoscopic balloon dilation and prolonged endoscopic drainage procedures to achieve cyst resolution. The overall resolution rate was 88%, with a recurrence rate of 12%, based on a mean follow-up period of 24 months. CONCLUSION: This 1-step EUS-guided technique with a needle-wire device provides safe transmural access and allows subsequent effective endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses.     

Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: a long-term follow-up study of 49 patients

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic drainage is one of the non-surgical treatment modalities for pancreatic pseudocysts. The aim of the current study was to assess the safety and the utility of endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Prognostic factors for the outcome were evaluated in a prospective analysis. METHODOLOGY: Forty-nine consecutive symptomatic patients were included in the study. Transmural drainage was used in 30 patients and transpapillary drainage in 19 patients. RESULTS: Successful drainage was achieved in 27/30 (90%) patients after transmural drainage and in 16/19 (84.2%) patients after transpapillary drainage. Twelve (24.5%) patients had complications: 2 patients had bleeding, 2 patients had mild pancreatitis, 8 patients had cyst infection, in relation to the presence of necrosis (5 patients) or clogging of the stent (3 patients). Nine patients (20.9%) had recurrence of pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage was a definitive treatment in 37/49 (75.5%) patients (median follow up: 25.9 months). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic drainage provides a successful and safe minimally invasive approach to pancreatic pseudocyst management.     

German experience with endoscopic transmural drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts

Background: Endoscopic drainage provides a good alternative or supplement to a surgical approach for the therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts. Methods: Between 1987 and 2000, 47 patients had been treated for pancreatic pseudocysts by transmural or transductal drainage. In 79% the pseudocysts were due to chronic pancreatitis mainly caused by alcoholism. The main symptoms were abdominal pain in 85% of patients and loss of appetite or weight in 60% of patients. In 17% of patients, signs of septicemia were observed. Results: In 42 patients pancreatic pseudocysts disappeared completely. In the remaining five cases drainage was not successful. Six patients suffered a relapse 7–38 months after drainage. No other recurrences were followed up within 4–10 years. In another six patients the prostheses were renewed because of occlusion or dislocation. Overall six patients had to undergo surgery, three patients because of relapsing cyst, two patients because of insufficient drainage and one patient because of severe bleeding. There was no case of death related to the endoscopic treatment. Conclusions: Since the development of a modified needle type cystotom, the puncture and insertion of the prosthesis for pancreatic cyst drainage is less precarious and quicker. The endoscopic sonography is a valuable supplement to the diagnostic procedure to localize the optimal spot for puncture and to avoid hemorrhage because of damage of intramural or extramural blood vessels. Advantages of endoscopic drainage are minimal invasiveness, short period of hospitalization and low costs. These aspects make endoscopic therapy the first choice of treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts.     

Long term outcome of endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts

Objective: Nonoperative drainage either by the percutaneous or endoscopic route has become a viable alternative to surgical drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Endoscopic drainage has been reported in a few small series with encouraging short term results. The aim of this study was to determine the indications, suitability, and long term outcome of transmural endoscopic drainage procedures. Methods: All patients presenting over a 2-yr period to a tertiary referral hepatobiliary unit with pancreatic pseudocysts were studied. Endoscopic drainage was performed in patients with pseudocysts bulging into the stomach or duodenal lumen. Outcome measures were successful drainage of the pseudocyst, complications, and recurrence rates. Results: Of 66 patients presenting with pseudocysts, 34 were considered suitable for endoscopic drainage. Twenty-four (71%) were successfully drained. Failures were associated with thick walled pseudocysts (>1 cm), location in the tail of the pancreas, and pseudocysts associated with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. There were three recurrences (7%), two of which were successfully redrained endoscopically. The long term success rate (median follow-up, 46 months) of the initial procedure was 62%. Conclusion: Transmural endoscopic drainage is a safe procedure with minimal complications. It should be the procedure of choice for pseudocysts associated with chronic pancreatitis or trauma, with a wall thickness of <1 cm and a visible bulge into the gastrointestinal lumen. Forty percent of pseudocysts fulfilled these criteria in our study.     

内镜经十二指肠乳头引流治疗胰腺假性囊肿的临床应用疗效分析

目的评估内镜经十二指肠乳头引流治疗巨大胰腺假性囊肿(脓肿)的临床应用疗效。方法2003年6月至2006年6月取沈阳军区总医院消化内镜中心按照统一标准选择入组的胰腺假性囊肿(脓肿)病例10例,其中非感染性8例,感染性1例,胰腺脓肿1例。均采用内镜经乳头引流治疗,通过回顾性总结临床治疗和相关研究指标变化,综合评估此种治疗方法的临床应用疗效。结果内镜治疗失败1例,术后并发假性囊肿感染2例,急性胰腺炎1例。8例随访观察平均16.5个月,其中假性囊肿完全消失4例,假性囊肿残腔形成1例,假性囊肿不断缩小3例。急性重症胰腺炎2例治愈。结论内镜经乳头引流治疗胰腺炎合并巨大胰腺假性囊肿(脓肿)是一种确切有效的治疗方法。     

Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off pancreatic necrosis: A two-decade experience

Aim

To determine long-term outcome of endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocyst/walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) without necrosectomy.

Methods

One-hundred and sixty-five pancreatic pseudocysts/WOPN managed endoscopically over a period of 22 years were analyzed retrospectively for technical success, complications, and recurrence.

Results

Symptomatic 118 males and 47 females with mean age of 35.8 years were included. Alcohol was the most common etiology (41.2 %). Transmural endoscopic drainage was done in 144 patients, while 21 patients underwent transpapillary drainage. All the patients were subjected to contrast computed tomography (CT) abdomen or routine/Doppler ultrasound. Endoscopic ultrasound was done in last 11 patients. One or two double pigtail 7 Fr stents were placed when clear watery fluid came out from cyst (130 patients, 78.8 %), and nasocystic drainage (NCD) tubes were placed in addition to two 7 Fr stents when there were frank pus, thick dark fluid, or solid components inside the cyst (35 patients). All these patients settled on this treatment. Thirty-three of 35 patients of WOPN could be managed endoscopically without necrosectomy. Complications occurred in 9.2 % of pseudocysts and 40 % of WOPN. Thirty-five patients were followed up for more than 5 years (3 patients more than 10 years), and 130 patients were followed up for up to 5 years. Recurrence occurred in 8.1 % of pseudocysts and 5.7 % of WOPN.

Conclusion

Majority of pancreatic pseudocysts/WOPN can be managed with endoscopic drainage without necrosectomy with high success, low complication, and recurrence rates.

     

Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis,acute pancreatic pseudocysts,and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: Comparative outcomes after endoscopic drainage of specific types of symptomatic pancreatic fluid collections, defined by using standardized nomenclature, have not been described. This study sought to determine outcome differences after attempted endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections classified as pancreatic necrosis, acute pseudocyst, and chronic pseudocyst. METHODS: Outcomes were retrospectively analyzed for consecutive patients with symptoms caused by pancreatic fluid collections referred for endoscopic transmural and/or transpapillary drainage. RESULTS: Complete endoscopic resolution was achieved in 113 of 138 patients (82%). Resolution was significantly more frequent in patients with chronic pseudocysts (59/64, 92%) than acute pseudocysts (23/31, 74%, p = 0.02) or necrosis (31/43, 72%, p = 0.006). Complications were more common in patients with necrosis (16/43, 37%) than chronic (11/64, 17%, p = 0.02) or acute pseudocysts (6/31, 19%, p = NS). At a median follow-up of 2.1 years after successful endoscopic treatment (resolution), pancreatic fluid collections had recurred in 18 of 113 patients (16%). Recurrences developed more commonly in patients with necrosis (9/31, 29%) than acute pseudocysts (2/23, 9%, p = 0.07) or chronic pseudocysts (7/59, 12%, p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Successful resolution of pancreatic fluid collections may be achieved endoscopically by an experienced therapeutic endoscopist. Outcomes differ depending on the type of pancreatic fluid collection drained. Further studies of endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections must use defined terminology to allow meaningful comparisons.     

Clinical usefulness of a treatment algorithm for pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic procedures have become a first-line approach to the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the results of a therapeutic algorithm including EUS-assisted drainage, transpapillary drainage, and conventional endoscopic drainage in terms of (1) feasibility and efficacy of the endoscopic procedure and (2) morbidity. DESIGN: Prospective study with a treatment algorithm drawn up before the endoscopic procedure, including either conventional endoscopic transmural drainage (CTMD), conventional transpapillary drainage (CTPD), or EUS-guided transmural drainage (EUS-GTD). PATIENTS: A total of 50 patients, including 15 women and 35 men with a mean age of 51 years, were included in this prospective study. RESULTS: The mean size of the pseudocysts was 8.2 cm (range 3-12 cm). A total of 29 pseudocysts did not bulge into the digestive wall (58%); 24 (48%) neither bulged nor communicated with the pancreatic duct. EUS-GTD was performed on 28 patients (56%), CTMD on 13 patients (26%), and CTPD on 8 patients (16%), and endoscopic procedures failed in 1 patient. Technical feasibility was 98% (49/50), and clinical success was achieved in 90% of the cases and disappearance of the pseudocysts in 96% of the cases without significant differences among the 3 groups. The morbidity rate was 18% (9 cases). Five superinfections occurred in the EUS-GTD group and 1 in the CTMD group. One death occurred from late bleeding in the CTMD group. LIMITATION: Randomization of patients in this prospective study was not possible because of the different characteristics of the pseudocysts. CONCLUSION: With this algorithm, clinical success was achieved in 45 (90%) of the cases and disappearance of the pseudocysts in 48 (96%) of the cases with a reasonable morbidity rate. In half of the cases, EUS is required for treating pancreatic pseudocyst.     

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the traditional treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts, but the morbidity is still too high. Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have been encouraged. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. METHODS: From January, 2003 to August, 2006, 31 consecutive symptomatic patients submitted to 37 procedures at the same endoscopic unit were retrospectively analysed. Chronic and acute pancreatitis were found in, respectively, 17 (54.8%) and 10 (32.3%) cases. Bulging was present in 14 (37.8%) cases. Cystogastrostomy or cystoduodenostomy were created with an interventional linear echoendoscope under endosonographic and fluoroscopic control. By protocol, only a single plastic stent, without nasocystic drain, was used. Straight or double pigtail stents were used in, respectively, 22 (59.5%) and 15 (40.5%) procedures. RESULTS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage was successful in 29 (93.5%) patients. Two cases needed surgery, both due to procedure-related complications. There was no mortality related to the procedure. Twenty-four patients were followed-up longer than 4 weeks. During a mean follow-up of 12.6 months, there were six (25%) symptomatic recurrences due to stent clogging or migration, with two secondary infections. Median time for developing complications and recurrence of the collections was 3 weeks. These cases were successfully managed with new stents. Complications were more frequent in patients treated with straight stents and in those with a recent episode of acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic transmural drainage provides an effective approach to the management of pancreatic pseudocysts.