他汀类药物预防心房颤动疗效的Meta分析

目的评价他汀类药物对心房颤动(房颤)的预防作用。方法选取在2012年3月之前发表的关于他汀类药物预防心房颤动的临床随机对照试验研究,并应用Meta分析方法评估房颤的发生率或复发率。结果与结论与对照组相比,他汀类药物能减少房颤的发生或复发[OR=0.52,95%CI(0.40,0.68),P0.000 01];且其二级预防[OR=0.46,95%CI(0.25,0.84,P=0.01)疗效较一级预防[OR=0.52,95%CI(0.38,0.71),P0.000 1]显著;但是与标准剂量相比,增加他汀类剂量并没有降低房颤发生或复发的风险[OR=1.05,95%CI(0.79,1.40),P=0.74]。     

The effects of statin on atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of published data from randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Background:

Some clinical and experimental studies have shown the use of statins could protect against AF, but there are not adequate data at present.     

The role of statin therapy in the prevention of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIMS

The use of statins has been suggested to protect against atrial fibrillation (AF) in some clinical observational and experimental studies but has remained inadequately explored. This study was designed to examine whether statins can reduce the risk of AF.

METHODS

Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials with use of statins on incidence or recurrence of AF was performed.

RESULTS

Twenty studies with 23 577 patients were included in the analysis. Seven studies investigated the use of statins in patients with AF, 11 studies investigated the primary prevention of statins in patients without AF, and two studies investigated mixed populations of patients. The incidence or recurrence of AF occurred in 1543 patients. Overall, statin therapy was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AF compared with control (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.65; P < 0.00001). A beneficial effect was found in the atorvastatin subgroup and the simvastatin subgroup, but not in the pravastatin subgroup or the rosuvastatin subgroup. The benefit of statin therapy appeared to be more pronounced in secondary prevention (odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.64; P < 0.0008) than in primary prevention (odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.40–0.74; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Statin therapy was significantly associated with a decreased risk of incidence or recurrence of AF. Heterogeneity was explained by differences in statin types, patient populations and surgery types. The benefit of statin therapy seemed more pronounced in secondary than in primary prevention.     

Spotlight on intravenous vernakalant in recent-onset atrial fibrillation

Intravenous vernakalant (Brinavess?) is an atrial-repolarization-delaying agent that is currently approved in the EU for the rapid conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant blocks atrial-specific potassium and sodium ion channels, prolonging atrial refractory periods and rate-dependently slowing atrial conduction, without promoting ventricular arrhythmia. In pivotal, randomized, phase III trials, intravenous vernakalant 3 mg /kg administered as a 10-minute infusion, followed by a 2 mg/kg 10-minute infusion after 15 minutes if atrial fibrillation persisted, was effective in the rapid termination of recent-onset atrial fibrillation in nonsurgical patients (≥ 3 hours' to ≤ 7 days' duration) and in those with postoperative atrial fibrillation (3-72 hours' duration) following cardiac surgery. Conversion to sinus rhythm occurred rapidly following infusion of vernakalant, with the majority of patients converting after the first dose, and conversion to sinus rhythm was generally associated with a rapid resolution of symptoms. These antiarrhythmic effects of vernakalant were durable, with most responders remaining in sinus rhythm 24 hours after treatment initiation. In nonsurgical patients with recent-onset atrial fibrillation of 3-48 hours' duration, vernakalant was more effective than intravenous amiodarone, with a significantly higher proportion of patients converting to sinus rhythm within the first 90 minutes of treatment. Vernakalant was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, with most adverse events being of mild or moderate severity and not treatment limiting. Increases in QRS or QT intervals were transient, and there was no increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmia observed with vernakalant compared with placebo. Therefore, intravenous vernakalant provides an effective option for the management of recent-onset atrial fibrillation.     

Safety of amiodarone in the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the safety of amiodarone in the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation. METHODS: A search of the medical literature was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials of prophylactic amiodarone use in cardiothoracic surgery. Studies were independently reviewed by three investigators and selected for inclusion if they met the following three criteria: (1) randomized controlled trial of amiodarone versus placebo or routine treatment, (2) patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft or valvular surgery, and (3) reported data on the frequency of at least one of the following safety endpoints: bradycardia, hypotension, heart block, nausea, cerebral vascular accident, myocardial infarction, and death. Both random- and fixed-effects models were used to determine any significant associations between amiodarone and safety endpoints. RESULTS: Eighteen trials were analyzed. A total of 3408 patients were enrolled in these trials (1736 received amiodarone and 1672 received placebo). Amiodarone increased the odds of developing bradycardia (odds ratio [OR], 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.74) and hypotension (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.04-2.54). The administration of i.v. amiodarone, an average daily dose exceeding 1 g, and postoperative amiodarone administration were each associated with a greater likelihood of hemodynamic adverse effects. Amiodarone did not appear to affect other safety endpoints. CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis showed amiodarone to be associated with an increased risk of developing bradycardia and hypotension when used for the prophylaxis of postoperative atrial fibrillation. The greatest risk in the occurrence of these adverse events arose when using regimens containing i.v. amiodarone, initiating prophylaxis during the postoperative period, and using regimens with average daily doses exceeding 1 g.     

培哚普利与胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动的2年随机对照研究

目的:观察培哚普利治疗阵发性心房颤动的疗效。方法:71例阵发性心房颤动病人随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组35例,每日口服培哚普利4mg,氢氯噻嗪12.5mg,对照组36例,每日口服胺碘酮0.2g,共治疗2a。结果:治疗组5例、对照组4例发生持续性心房颤动(P>0.05)。治疗组和对照组各2例发生缺血性脑卒中(P>0.05)。2组阵发性心房颤动发作次数均有减少,培哚普利联合氢氯噻嗪治疗尚有抑制心房重构的作用。结论:培哚普利联合小剂量利尿剂可减少阵发性心房颤动的发作。     

静脉应用胺碘酮治疗阵发性房颤的临床观察

目的观察静脉应用胺碘酮对阵发性心房颤动的疗效。方法 61例阵发性房颤的患者,首剂静脉注射150mg,10min内注入,继之以0.5mg/分维持静脉泵入,30min未转复为窦性心律且心室率仍快者,追加静脉注射150mg。结果 15例4小时内转复窦性心律,18例4～12小时后转复窦性心律,13例12～48小时后转复窦性心律。转复率为83.6%;用药期间,2例出现窦性心动过缓,无低血压、心衰加重、心绞痛加重及QT间期延长等不良反应。结论静脉应用胺碘酮治疗阵发性心房颤动安全有效。     

静脉注射胺碘酮对阵发性房颤复律的疗效

目的 :观察静注胺碘酮对阵发性房颤 (AF)复律的临床疗效。方法 :将 5 1例阵发性AF患者分为胺碘酮组 (n =2 6 )和普罗帕酮组 (n =2 5 )。胺碘酮组先给予胺碘酮 15 0mg ,iv ,0 5h后再给予胺碘酮 15 0mg ,iv ,继之以 1mg·min-1,ivgtt,6h ,随后以 0 5mg·min-1,ivgtt,2 4h。普罗帕酮组给予普罗帕酮 70mg ,iv ,继之以 0 5mg·min-1,ivgtt,总量至 2 80mg。结果 :胺碘酮组4h内转复 8例 (30 8% ) ,4～ 8h内转复 8例 (30 8% ) ,8～ 12h内转复 2例 (7 7% ) ,12～ 2 4h内转复 2例 (7 7% ) ,未转复 6例 ,总显效率为 76 9%。普罗帕酮组 4h内转复 7例 (2 8% ) ,4～ 8h内转复 6例 (2 4 % ) ,8～ 12h内转复 3例 (12 % ) ,12～ 2 4h内转复1例 (4% ) ,未转复 8例 ,总显效率为 6 8%。结论 :静注胺碘酮和普罗帕酮对阵发性AF复律疗效相当     

静脉胺碘酮转复阵发性房颤临床疗效观察

目的：观察应用静脉胺碘酮转复阵发性房颤的有效性及安全性。方法选择本科阵发性房颤38例,给予胺碘酮150 mg＋5％GS 20 ml于15 min内缓慢静脉推注,观察20 min,房颤未转复,继续给予胺碘酮1 mg/min持续泵入,6 h后减为0.5 mg/min维持72 h。结果38例复律成功32例,1/2 h内转复者5例,1/2 h～24 h内转复者14例,24 h～48 h转复者9例,48 h～72 h转复者4例,总成功率84.2％。未发现明显不良反应。结论静脉胺碘酮转复阵发性房颤具有较好的疗效和安全性,并且不良反应轻。     

胺碘酮静脉给药治疗心房纤维颤动患者引致休克的临床特点

目的：探讨胺碘酮静脉给药治疗心房纤维颤动患者引起休克的临床特点。方法：收集2003年至2007年中文医学文献关于胺碘酮静脉给药治疗心房纤维颤动患者引致休克的临床资料，包括患者的基础心脏病，心房纤维颤动发作时的心律、心率、血压、心功能状态、心电图以及胺碘酮的用法用量。对胺碘酮输液的浓度、静脉滴注速度和总剂量以及休克发生的时间、表现和处理进行分析。结果：共收集7例胺碘酮所致休克患者的临床资料，其中2例来自本院。胺碘酮溶于5％葡萄糖注射液100ml中，浓度为1．5～7．5mg／ml，静脉给药速度为2．5～10mg／min。用药后休克发生的时间，4例为2min内，3例为5～20min内，持续时间为3～120min。2例休克患者伴有意识障碍，5例患者休克时仍有心房纤维颤动。结论：胺碘酮静脉给药可能引起休克，临床表现危重，及时对症治疗可缓解。     

伊布利特转复老年心房颤动的临床研究

目的:观察新型Ⅲ类抗心律失常药物伊布利特转复老年心房颤动的有效性与安全性.方法:选择老年心房颤动患者98例,随机分成伊布利特组和胺碘酮组,伊布利特组于30 min内静滴1 mg伊布利特,胺碘酮组于10 min内静注胺碘酮150mg.观察心房颤动的转复率及不良反应.结果:伊布利特组转复房颤的成功率高于胺碘酮组(70.2%vs52.9%,P＜0.05),房颤的转复率与本次房颤发作的持续时间有关,持续时间低于24 h的房颤转复率(77.7%)明显高于持续时间高于24 h者(60%).伊布利特最严重的不良反应为非持续性单形室性心动过速,发生率为12.8%.结论:伊布利特对老年房颤患者是一种安全有效的转复药物.     

Antihypertensive effects and safety of eprosartan: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Purpose  

The benefits of reducing blood pressure (BP) have been well established, but uncertainty remains about the comparative effects of different BP-lowering regimens. We aimed to estimate the efficacy and the tolerability of eprosartan compared with other agents as monotherapy.     

Angiogenesis inhibitors for patients with ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials

Objectives:

To investigate the effects of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer, a meta-analysis was performed and overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity were assessed.

Patients and methods:

The PubMed and Embase databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for publications between January 2000 and June 2015. Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), or data for calculating HRs with 95% CIs were derived.

Results:

The 12 trials in this meta-analysis were divided into three groups: four trials with a VEGF inhibitor (the bevacizumab group), six trials with VEGFR inhibitors (the VEGFRIs group), and two trials with an angiopoietin inhibitor (the trebananib group). PFS improvement was seen in all groups (HR?=?0.61, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.79, P?<?0.001 for bevacizumab; HR?=?0.71, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.87, P?=?0.001 for VEGFRIs; and HR?=?0.67, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.72, P?<?0.001 for trebananib). Regarding OS, bevacizumab showed a trend of improvement (HR?=?0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.01, P?=?0.079), VEGFRIs showed no improvement (HR?=?0.92, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.11, P?=?0.368), and trebananib demonstrated a significant prolongation (HR?=?0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99, P?=?0.036). Bevacizumab was associated with more class-specific adverse events (RR?=?4.05, 95% CI 1.99 to 8.27, P?<?0.001). Although the toxicity profiles differed, VEGFRIs developed common higher incidences of hypertension, diarrhea, and fatigue. A higher incidence of edema was reported in the trebananib group (RR?=?2.60, 95% CI 0.84 to 8.00, P?=?0.097).

Conclusions:

Anti-angiogenic therapy showed clear PFS benefit with increased toxicity, but its role in OS was undefined for ovarian cancer which emphasized the need for patient selection.     

Naltrexone for the treatment of alcoholism: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Many trials of naltrexone have been carried out in alcohol-dependent patients. This paper is aimed to systematically review its benefits, adverse effects, and discontinuation of treatment. We assessed and extracted the data of double-blind, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing naltrexone with placebo or other treatment in people with alcoholism. Two primary outcomes were subjects who relapsed (including heavy drinking) and those who returned to drinking. Secondary outcomes were time to first drink, drinking days, number of standard drinks for a defined period, and craving. All outcomes were reported for the short, medium, and long term. Five common adverse effects and dropout rates in short-term treatment were also examined. A total of 2861 subjects in 24 RCTs presented in 32 papers were included. For short-term treatment, naltrexone significantly decreased relapses [relative risk (RR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-0.82], but not return to drinking (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-1.02). Short-term treatment of naltrexone significantly increased nausea, dizziness, and fatigue in comparison to placebo [RRs (95% CIs) 2.14 (1.61-2.83), 2.09 (1.28-3.39), and 1.35 (1.04-1.75)]. Naltrexone administration did not significantly diminish short-term discontinuation of treatment (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70-1.01). Naltrexone should be accepted as a short-term treatment for alcoholism. As yet, we do not know the appropriate duration of treatment continuation in an alcohol-dependent patient who responds to short-term naltrexone administration. To ensure that the real-world treatment is as effective as the research findings, a form of psychosocial therapy should be concomitantly given to all alcohol-dependent patients receiving naltrexone administration.     

Effects of telmisartan on fat distribution: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objectives: Several meta-analyses have confirmed the positive metabolic effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker that can also act as a partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist, compared to those of other angiotensin II receptor blockers. These effects include decreased fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels. However, no systemic analysis of telmisartan’s effects on body fat distribution has been performed. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled telmisartan trials to investigate its effects on body weight, fat distribution, and visceral adipose reduction. Research design and methods: A literature search was performed using Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library between January 1966 and November 2013. Randomized controlled trials in English and meeting the following criterion were included: random assignment of hypertensive participants with overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, or glucose intolerance to telmisartan or control therapy group. Results: Of 651 potentially relevant reports, 15 satisfied the inclusion criterion. While visceral fat area was significantly lower in the telmisartan group than in the control group (weighted mean difference?=??18.13?cm², 95% C.I.?=??27.16 to ?9.11, P_χ²?=?0.19, I²?=?41%), subcutaneous fat area was similar (weighted mean difference =2.94?cm², 95% C.I.?=??13.01 to 18.89, P_χ²?=?0.30, I²?=?17%). Total cholesterol levels were significantly different between the groups (standardized mean difference?=??0.24, 95% C.I.?=??0.45 to ?0.03, P_χ²?=?0.0002, I²?=?67%). Limitations: Limitations include: (1) limited number of studies, especially those evaluating fat distribution; (2) different imaging modalities to assess visceral fat area (V.F.A.) and subcutaneous fat area (S.F.A.); (3) observed heterogeneity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that telmisartan affected fat distribution, inducing visceral fat reduction, and thus could be useful in hypertensive patients with obesity/overweight, metabolic syndrome, or glucose intolerance.     

针刺治疗偏头痛的系统评价和Meta分析

目的:应用Meta分析方法,系统评价针刺治疗偏头痛的疗效和分析国内外评价疗效差异的原因。方法:检索Pubmed、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)等数据库,筛选针刺治疗偏头痛的随机对照临床试验(randomized controlled trials,RCT),应用Cochrane协作网提供的Rev Man 5.0软件进行统计分析。结果:本研究共纳入12篇高质量的、以假针刺组为对照的RCT。Meta分析结果显示:针刺治疗结束时,真针刺和假针刺组的有效率分别为49.5%和43.3%,两组之间有统计学差异(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.02~1.61,P=0.03);随访结束时,两组的有效率分别为47.7%和38.5%,两组间无统计学差异(OR=1.33,95%CI:0.70~2.51,P=0.39)。对国内及国外临床试验进行亚组分析发现,在治疗结束及随访结束时,国内试验针刺组的有效率均显著高于假针刺组(P<0.05),而国外临床试验均显示两组间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:上述结果提示在治疗期间针刺对偏头痛具有一定疗效,但治疗停止的随访期间针刺的疗效不显著。国内外临床试验在设计及执行等方面差异较大,今后尚需更多科学严谨的、符合中医特点的高质量RCT来验证针刺治疗偏头痛的疗效。     

静脉注射胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭伴快速性心房颤动的疗效观察

目的观察心力衰竭伴快速性心房颤动患者静脉注射胺碘酮转复或控制心室率治疗心力衰竭的疗效,包括心房颤动的转复率、转复时间、心室率的控制、不良反应及安全性。方法心力衰竭伴快速性心房颤动患者48例,胺碘酮150mg加50g.L-1葡萄糖注射液20mL静脉注射,患者30min后房颤未转复即再应用1次,继以0.5～1mg.min-1维持静滴48h,观察用药后1,2,6,12,24和48h转复率、心室率、心力衰竭症状的缓解及不良反应。结果胺碘酮可快速有效使快速房颤转复为窦性心律,控制心室率,纠正心力衰竭,且无严重不良反应发生。结论心力衰竭伴快速性心房纤颤患者静脉注射胺碘酮治疗安全有效,尤其适用于合并器质性心脏病患者。     

Statin therapy on pulmonary function in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

In thecurrent meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of statins on pulmonary function inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of clinical trials were systematically searched until January 2017 for RCTs of statins. Only trials with COPD patients were included.The I² statistic was used to measure heterogeneity between trials and calculated mean differences for pulmonary function parameters with fixed-effect meta-analysis.Eighteligible studies with 534 participants were identified. Statin therapy had no remarkable influence on FEV1 (SMD –0.01, 95% CI –0.204 to 0.184, I²=0.0%, P = 0.922, n = 409), FEV1/ FVC (SMD 0.163, 95% CI –0.044to 0.369, I²=0.0%, P = 0.123, n = 364), 6MWD, heart rate or CRP. However, exercise time on treadmill was remarkably improved by statin therapy (SMD 1.271, 95% CI 0.930 to 1.612, I²=0.0%, P = 0.000, n = 160). Subgroup analysis showed significant, ameliorative effect of pravastatin on FEV1/FVC (SMD 0.362, 95% CI 0.049 to 0.674, I²=0.0%, P = 0.023).The results of this meta-analysis showed non-significant effect of statins on pulmonary function in COPD patients. Based on the studies reviewed, it is not recommended to prescribe statins for COPD patients without CVD risk factors due to lack of clearly defined benefit.