维甲酸联合三氧化二砷对NB4细胞NF-κB、ROS表达的影响

目的探讨全反式维甲酸（ATRA）联合三氧化二砷（As2O3）对NB4细胞的生长以及核因子-kB（NF-kB）、活性氧（ROS）表达的影响。方法选择NB4细胞，加入ATRA和不同剂量的As2O3，观察细胞生长曲线，流式细胞仪检测CD11 b、ROS、NF—kB的变化，DNA片段梯度观察细胞凋亡。结果0．5μmol／L As2O3下调了1μmol／L ATRA诱导的NB4细胞的分化凋亡发生，同时抑制了NF-kB的激活，提高了ROS水平。2μmol／L As2O3联合同浓度ATRA对增殖抑制、诱导凋亡更明显。结论ATRA联合As2O3对NB4细胞具有分化和凋亡的双重效应。     

三氧化二砷对HL-60细胞生长的影响

目的：观察不同浓度的三氧化二砷（As2O3）对HL－60细胞生长的作用。方法：采用瑞氏染色油镜观察细胞形态；四甲基噻唑氮蓝（MTT）比色法观察As2O3对HL－60细胞的生长抑制作用。结果：瑞氏染色显示低浓度的As2O3（0.1μmol/L,1.0μmol/L）诱导后，细胞呈现部分分化现象，而高浓度的As2O3（5．0μmol/L）诱导后细胞呈现凋亡特征，As2O3能明显抑制HL－60细胞的生长，第1天半数抑制率（IC50）约为20．0μmol/L，第2天、第3天IC50均约为5．0μmol/L。结论：As2O3能明显抑制HL－60细胞的生长；低浓度者可诱导HL－60细胞部分分化，高浓度者可诱导其凋亡。     

三氧化二砷和顺铂对大肠癌细胞端粒酶活性及细胞凋亡的影响(英文)

目的探讨三氧化二砷（As2O3）和顺铂（DDP）对人大肠癌细胞株CCL-187端粒酶活性及细胞凋亡的影响。方法大肠癌细胞株CCL-187与空白培养液，含1．0μmol／L As2O3、0．2μg／mL,DDP、1．0μmol／L As2O3，合用0．2μg/ml DDP的培养液共同孵育1～6d。MTT法计算细胞生长抑制率，电镜下观察细胞形态学变化，RT-PCR法检测细胞端粒酶hTERT-mRNA的表达，TRAP-PCR-ELISA法检测细胞端粒酶活性。结果1．0μmol／L As2O3能促进细胞分化，0．2μg/mL DDP和合用组均能诱导细胞凋亡，同时都下调端粒酶hTERT-mRNA的表达，降低端粒酶的活性，且具有时间依赖性。用药组与对照组相比差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）；合用组与单药组相比差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。细胞生长抑制率与细胞端粒酶hTERT-mRNA的表达、端粒酶活性的下调呈负相关。细胞端粒酶hTERT-mRNA的表达与细胞端粒酶活性呈正相关。结论1．0μmol／LAs2O3对人大肠癌CCL-187细胞有促进分化的作用，0．2μg／mL DDP和合用组有诱导凋亡的作用，其机制可能是下调细胞端粒酶hTERT-mRNA的基因表达，从而抑制端粒酶的活性。     

三氧化二砷诱导慢性髓细胞性白血病K562细胞株凋亡与c-myc的表达

目的：观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导慢性髓细胞性白血病K562细胞株凋亡和c-myc mRNA表达的作用，并探讨其作用机制。方法：应用MTT法、苔盼蓝拒染法、DNA凝胶电泳和细胞周期凋亡检测，观察0μmol／L、0．5μmol／L、lμmol／L、2μmol／L、4μmol／L、8μmol／LAs2O3分别作用24h、48h、72h后，对K562细胞增殖及活力的影响。应用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学法检测As2O3处理后K562细胞c-myc mRNA和蛋白表达的变化。结果：As2O3诱导后K562细胞核DNA凝缩，核片段化，最后形成凋亡小体。在一定范围内，随着As2O3浓度的增加和As2O3处理时间的延长，细胞存活率明显下降；流式细胞仪检测可见As2O3诱导K562细胞凋亡，影响细胞周期，细胞阻滞于G2／M期；As2O3处理后c-myc mRNA和c-myc蛋白表达均有先上调后回落的趋势。结论：As2O3可以抑制K562细胞增殖并诱导凋亡，其作用机制可能是使细胞受阻于G2／M期而进入凋亡程序，c-myc基因参与了As2O3诱导细胞凋亡的基因调控。     

三氧化二砷对淋巴细胞的毒性作用及机制研究

目的 研究As2O3对人外周血淋巴细胞的毒性作用,探讨As2O3损伤淋巴细胞的机制。方法 从正常人外周血中分离淋巴细胞,台盼蓝染色检测细胞活性;FITC,Annexin-V／PI染色检测细胞凋亡;电镜观察形态学改变;流式细胞术观察细胞bcl-2表达水平。结果1—50μmol／L As2O3对正常人外周血淋巴细胞的生长有明显的抑制作用,其抑制效应随着As2O3浓度的增高和作用时间的延长而增强,24、48、72h的半数抑制浓度分别为7．74、4．81和3．19μmol／L。经10μmol／L As2O3处理的淋巴细胞出现细胞体积缩小、胞质浓缩、染色质聚集、固缩、沿核膜内侧分布呈新月形等典型的凋亡细胞特征性形态改变;2．0-10．0μmol／L As2O3可显著降低淋巴细胞bcl-2蛋白的表达水平。结论 As2O3对人外周血淋巴细胞有明显的毒性效应,主要作用机制为通过抑制bcl-2表达而诱发细胞凋亡。     

三氧化二砷诱导卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3和COC1凋亡

目的：对比研究三氧化二砷(As2O3)诱导卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3和COC1凋亡的作用．方法：用不同浓度的As2O3溶液作用人卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3及COC1,于不同时间点收集细胞,MTT法检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率及分析细胞周期的变化,原位末端标记法观察细胞凋亡形态学特征．结果：不同浓度的As2O3溶液对卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3及COC1均有不同程度的生长抑制作用．随着药物浓度的升高、作用时间的延长,As2O3对COC1细胞的生长抑制率升高．15．0μmol/L(10ppc)浓度组的As203对SKOV3的生长抑制效应最显．低于15．0μmol/L的浓度组对SKOV3细胞株的抑制率之间没有显性差异．As2O3对COC1细胞的生长抑制作用比SKOV3强．6．0μmol/L As2O3作用48 h SKOV3细胞出现凋亡形态学改变,COC1细胞在1．5μmol/L As2O3作用48h就出现了凋亡形态学改变,且随着作用时间的延长凋亡细胞增多．15．0和6．0μmol/L As2O3作用下SKOV3细胞周期的变化出现了随着药物作用时间的延长G1期细胞比例逐渐上升,S期、G2／M期细胞的比例同时降低的现象．在3．0和1．5μmoL／L As2O3作用下COC1细胞周期也出现了相同的改变．结论：As2O3可以诱导卵巢癌细胞株SKOV3和COC1发生凋亡,COC1比SKOV3对砷剂更敏感．诱导细胞发生G1期阻滞是As2O3抑制卵巢癌细胞生长作用的可能机制之一。     

低氧环境下三氧化二砷对人肺癌细胞增殖和凋亡的作用

目的：观察常氧和低氧环境下不同浓度的三氧化二砷（arsenic trioxide．As2O3）对人肺腺癌细胞A549增殖和凋亡的影响。 方法：在常氧（21％O2）和低氧（5％O2）环境下对人肺腺癌细胞A5-19进行体外培养，采用0、1、2、4μmol/L As2O3分别作用A549细胞12、24和48h，甲基噻唑基四唑（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）法检测A519细胞增殖抑制率；膜连蛋白V（Annexin V）／碘化丙啶（propidium iodide．PI）双标记法检测细胞凋亡。 结果：常氧和低氯环境下．1、2、4μmol／L As2O3均能显著抑制A549细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡，且会随As2O3浓度的升高和作用时间的延长而增强；该作用在两种环境下的差异无统计学意义。结论：As2O3可抑制A549细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡；在低氧环境和常氧环境下对A549细胞具有同样的细胞毒性作用。     

三氧化二砷诱导人卵巢癌耐药细胞系3AO/cDDP细胞凋亡及机制的研究

目的：探讨三氧化二砷（As2O3）对人卵巢癌耐药细胞系3AO／cDDP细胞生长的影响及其机制。方法：采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）法,检测不同浓度As2O3作用后,3AO／cDDP细胞的生长抑制率;采用流式细胞技术检测细胞凋亡率,细胞周期变化,以及Fas、FasL基因表达的变化。所有结果均与人卵巢癌细胞系3AO细胞相比较;采用细胞骨架染色法观察3AO／cDDP细胞凋亡细胞形态变化,通过吖啶橙染色,荧光显微镜观察As2O3作用后3AO细胞的形态变化。结果：As2O3能明显抑制3AO／cDDP细胞的增殖,抑制作用呈时间和剂量依赖性（P＜0．05）;在定一浓度范围内,3AO／cDDP细胞凋亡率与As2O3的浓度和作用时间呈依赖关系,诱导凋亡的最适浓度是3μmol/L;As2O3低浓度时,3AO／cDDP细胞周期S期通过受阻,高浓度时诱导S期细胞凋亡;As2O3作用后,两种细胞系Fas基因的表达均呈升调节,FasL基因的表达无变化;与3AO细胞相比,差异无显著意义（P＞0．05）;As2O3作用后3AO及3AO／cDDP形成典型的凋亡小体。结论：As2O3通过Fas/FasL系统,诱导S期细胞凋亡,有效地抑制人卵巢癌耐药细胞系细胞的生长。     

砷剂诱导人胃癌细胞株凋亡及对C-myc基因作用的研究

目的研究砷剂（As2O3）对人胃癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用及对C-myc基因表达的影响。方法选用人胃癌BGC-823细胞株,运用体外细胞培养法、MTT法、流式细胞术检测As2O3对人胃癌的诱导凋亡作用;用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测C-mycmRNA的表达。结果As2O3对人胃癌BGC-823细胞具有抑制作用,其抑制率呈时间-剂量依赖关系。不同浓度的As2O3均可诱导凋亡。1．0μmol／L、3．0μmol／L的As2O3可下调C-myc的表达。结论As203具有抗肿瘤作用,主要是通过诱导细胞凋亡实现。其机制与下调C-myc表达有密切关系。     

三氧化二砷对肝癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究三氧化二砷（As2O2）对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖抑制作用。方法：应用台盼蓝拒染法、MTT比色法及细胞克隆形成试验，研究As2O2对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖抑制和细胞毒作用。结果：AS：0，能显著抑制肝癌细胞的生长，5μmol／L As2O2抑制程度明显强于1μmol／L。1．5μmol／L和1μmol／L As2O2作用后细胞克隆形成率分别为（1．5±1．2）％和（12．3±2．2）％，明显低于对照组的（30．0±4．2）％，（P〈0．01）。As2O2对肝癌细胞有较强的细胞毒作用，且呈明显剂量和时间依赖性，其对肝癌细胞的杀伤率高于5-氟脲嘧啶（5-Fu）和丝裂霉素（MMC），但差异无统计学意义。As2O2与5-Fu及MMC存在协同效应，联合应用杀伤率明显升高。结论：As2O2具有明显的抑制肝癌细胞增殖作用，有必要进一步探讨其对肝癌的治疗价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.