日本猴坐骨神经皮支和肌支中NPY和VIP免疫反应阳性纤维的分布和…

结扎猴坐骨神经皮支和肌支近侧端，观察其中ＮＰＹ和ＶＩＰ免疫反应产物蓄积状况以及其所支配的肌肉和皮肤中ＮＰＹ，ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳性纤维的分布。结扎神经干７ｄ后，发现皮支的结扎近心端含有ＮＰＹ和ＶＩＰ；而肌支的结扎近心端只含ＮＰＹ，无ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳生产物。在皮肤，大量ＶＩＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维分布在汁腺周围，含ＮＰＹ听神经纤维分小血管周围。肌肉组织中有害富的ＮＰＹ免疫反应阳性神经纤维沿血管分布，但几乎     

大鼠习瓣膜含神经肽Y血管性肠肽P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的分布及年龄变化

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵增强技术，研究了１月、８月和１８月龄大鼠心瓣膜中ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＳＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布。结果显示，以上４种含肽神经纤维在８月龄大鼠房室瓣上均有分布，密度顺序为ＮＰＹ＞ＣＧＲＰ＞ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ，含ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度相近。三尖瓣中含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度大于二尖瓣，含ＶＩＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的密度与二尖瓣的相近。瓣膜中的含肽神经纤维可从瓣膜附着处的心壁及乳头肌内的神经两个方向延伸而来。主动脉和肺动脉瓣内仅发现有ＮＰＹ神经。随大鼠年龄增长，房室瓣中含ＮＰＹ神经的密度有增加趋势。含ＣＧＲＰ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ神经在１月龄大鼠房室瓣上的密度为零，在８月和１８月储时的密度与１月龄时的差异非常显著，８月和１８月龄时的密度间无明显差异。１月龄和１８月龄大鼠的主动脉和肺动脉瓣上，未见到４种含肽神经。我们的结果为心瓣膜的神经支配提供了新的资料，但这些含肽神经在心瓣膜的作用尚待探讨。     

大鼠心瓣膜含神经肽Y血管活性肠肽P物质和降钙素基因相关…

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵增强技术，研究了１月、８月和１８月龄大鼠心瓣膜中ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＣＧＲＰ和ＳＰ免疫反应阳性神经纤维的分布。结果显示，以上４种含肽神经纤维在８月龄大鼠房室瓣上均有分布，密度顺序为ＮＰＹ〉ＣＧＲＰ〉ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ，含ＶＩＰ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度相近。三尖瓣中含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维的密度大于二尖瓣，含ＶＩＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的密度与二尖瓣的相近。瓣膜中     

豚鼠回肠Peyer＇s集结含神经肽Y、P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的分布

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合ＧＤＮ显色技术，在光镜水平观察了含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维在豚鼠回肠Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结的定位与分布。结果显示，邻近Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结的粘膜下层内有以上３种肽能神经纤维和神经元胞体分布，Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结不同区域含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经纤维的定位有明显差异。在上皮下圆顶区，３种肽能神经分支均形成纤细的神经网，并向滤泡相关上皮方向延伸；滤泡间区含ＮＰＹ神经多循微血管壁走行、仅少数分支定位于免疫细胞之间，而含ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经以非血管性纤维为主、常分布于此区的免疫活性细胞间；滤泡区内仅见少量含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经终末分布、未发现含ＣＧＲＰ神经分支。总体上，Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结内含ＮＰＹ和ＳＰ神经纤维数较ＣＧＲＰ免疫反应纤维为多。Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＲＰ神经支配的发现，为研究神经肽调节消化道粘膜免疫功能提供了形态学依据。本文对Ｐｅｙｅｒ＇ｓ集结内这些肽能神经的起源、性质及其在胃肠粘膜局部免疫反应中可能的调节机制进行了讨论。     

大鼠脑底动脉环含NPY、VIP、SP、CGRP神经的来源

本文应用免疫组织化学结合颈上神经节切除术探讨了支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＮＰＹ、ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经的来源，并用交点计数法进行定量分析。结果表明去左侧颈上节后，含ＮＰＹ神经Ⅲ类纤维（环行纤维）在同侧筛内动脉，大脑前动脉的中段、尾侧段，颈内动脉，大脑后动脉吻侧段，后交通支上的密度降低约５０％；Ⅰ类纤维（纵行纤维）仅在同侧后交通支上的密度有降低，而Ⅱ类纤维（斜行纤维）在各段血管上的密度基本上不变，提示脑底动脉环仅部分血管上的含ＮＰＹ神经部分来自同侧颈上节。去一侧颈上节后，脑底动脉上含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经元无明显改变，说明支配大鼠脑底动脉的含ＶＩＰ、ＳＰ、ＣＧＲＰ神经既不在颈上节起源，它们的纤维也不经过此神经节。     

豚鼠回肠Peyer‘s集结含神经肽Y,P物质和降钙素基因相关肽神经的分布

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合ＧＤＮ显色技术，在光镜水平观察了含ＮＰＹ、ＳＰ和ＣＧＰＰ神经纤维在豚鼠回肠Ｐｅｙｅｒ’ｓ集结的定位与分布。本文对Ｐｅｙｅｒ’ｓ集结内这些肽能神经的起源、性质及其在胃肠粘膜局部免疫反应中可能的调节机制进行了讨论。     

大鼠肾上腺的NADPH,NPY,CGRP,SP,c—fos细胞化学特性

目的 探讨肾上腺内分泌组织和神经组织的双重组织学特性。方法 组织化学和免疫组织化学技术,在光学显微下观察ＮＡＤＰＨ、ＮＰＹ、ＣＧＲＰ、ＳＰ、ｃ－ｆｏｓ在大鼠肾上腺的分布。结果 肾上腺皮质分布有ＮＰＹ阳性神经细胞和神经纤维、ＣＧＲＰ阳性神经纤维;肾上腺髓质分布有ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ阳性神经细胞和神经纤维、ＣＧＲＰ阳性神经纤维、ＳＰ阳性神经纤维、ｃ－ｆｏｓ阳性神经细胞和神经纤维。肾上腺皮质球状带、网状带、束状带细胞均ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ阳性,髓质部分嗜铬细胞ＮＡＤＰＨ－ｄ阳性,部分嗜铬细胞ＮＰＹ阳性,部分嗜铬细胞ＣＧＲＰ阳性,部分嗜铬细胞ＳＰ阳性。结论 大鼠肾上腺接受广泛的非经典递质的神经支配,特别是肽能神经支配的肾上腺实质细胞及髓质嗜铬细胞,能分泌多种神经肽物质。提示肾上腺的内分泌活动不仅受到复杂的神经调节而且也受到自身的活     

周围神经65KD蛋白在损伤性大鼠坐骨神经中的表达

目的：研究周围神经６５ＫＤ蛋白在损伤性大鼠坐骨神经中的分布与表达。方法：取损伤１５ｄ后的大鼠坐骨神经近侧端及远侧端,冰冻切片,与抗６５ＫＤ蛋白单克隆抗体与切片孵育后,加羊抗小鼠ＩｇＧＨＲＰ,ＤＡＢ反应成色。结果：大鼠坐骨神经远侧端及近侧端中均有６５ＫＤ蛋白阳性免疫反应产物,阳性免疫反应产物位于雪旺氏细胞。阳性免疫反应产物的密度及强度在神经的远侧端大于近侧端。结论：神经诱向因子６５ＫＤ蛋白由雪旺氏细胞产生。在损伤后神经近、远侧端都存在６５ＫＤ蛋白,远侧端的强度大于近侧端,这一浓度梯度可能是诱导再生的神经纤维定向生长过程中的一个重要因素。     

人空肠NPY能神经分布的研究

本文用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法，对神经肽Ｙ（ＮＰＹ）能神经纤维和神经元在人空肠壁内的分布进行了研究。结果：ＮＰＹ有神经纤维和神经元呈棕褐色：ＮＰＹ神经纤维纤维扁布肠壁各层，地粘膜固有层内的神经纤维在小肠腺周围交织或疏网状。ＮＰＹ能神经凶于有间及粘膜一 ，尤以后者为多。粘膜内 见ＮＰＹ能神经元，它们分布于小肠腺下方，紧造粘膜肌，或位于粘膜肌。     

大鼠肠系膜上动脉和静脉各级分支中NPY免疫反应神经纤维密度的相…

用免疫组织化学ＡＢＣ法结合葡萄糖氧化酶－ＤＡＢ－硫酸镍铵（ＧＤＮ）增强显色技术，对大鼠肠系膜上动脉和静脉及其分支中ＮＰＹ免疫反应神经纤维的形态和分布进行了研究，并用交点计数法统计了其密度。结果发现，ＮＰＹ免疫反应神经纤维的密度随肠系膜上动脉和静脉分支级别的增加而增加；肠系膜上动脉和静脉中相应分支级别上的ＮＰＹ免疫反应神经纤维的密度没有显著差异。     

Characterization of Meibomian gland innervation in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

To characterize the innervation of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Meibomian (tarsal) glands, upper lids of six cynomolgus monkeys were investigated with electronmicroscopical and double-labeling immunocytochemical methods. Antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were used. In addition, sections were processed for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Staining for PGP 9.5 and electron microscopy showed that Meibomian gland acini were surrounded by a network of unmyelinated nerves and terminal varicose axons. The terminals contained small agranular (30–60 nm) and large granular vesicles (65–110 nm), and were observed in close contact with the basal lamina of the acini, but never internally to the basal lamina. Meibomian axons showed like-immunore-activity (LI) for the neuropeptides SP, CGRP, NPY, and VIP. In addition, the axons stained for TH, DBH, NOS, and NADPH-d. VIP-LI, NOS- and NADPH-d-positive axons appeared to be more numerous, TH- and DBH-positive axons more rare than others. Most SP-LI axons were double-labelled for CGRP-LI, some for VIP-LI or NPY-LI. In addition, some VIP-LI axons were double-labeled for NPY-LI. NPY/VIP-LI and NPY/SP-LI axons were only observed close to the Meibomian acini. Conversely, NPY-LI colocalized with TH-IR or DBH-IR predominated in perivascular nerves of Meibomian gland vasculature. The close association of varicose axons with the acini of Meibomian glands indicates that nervous signals modulate meibomian secretion. Meibomian gland nerve fibers in the cynomolgus monkey appear to utilize various neuropeptides, catecholamines and nitric oxide as transmitter substances, and seem to derive from the pterygopalatine, superior cervical and trigeminal ganglion respectively.     

扬子鳄大肠和输尿管的神经肽分布

目的:观察扬子鳄大肠的神经肽Y（neuropeptide Y,NPY）、血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP）和输尿管的P物质（substance P,SP）、血管活性肠肽分布。方法:免疫荧光方法。结果:扬子鳄大肠的NPY和VIP免疫反应（NPY-and VIP-immunoreactive,NPY和VIP-IR）阳性神经纤维皆呈弯曲的细线状,主要位于粘膜下层,其次为浅部肌层,且在粘膜下层NPY-IR神经纤维交织成密集的神经丛;VIP-IR神经纡维在粘膜下层构成稀疏的网络状。输尿管的SP免疫反应（SP-immunoreactive,SP-IR）和VIP-IR神经纤维均呈点线状;其中,SP-IR神经纤维位于外膜层,较稀疏,VIP-IR神经纤维位于肌层,较密集,纤维间可见两个近似圆形的VIP-IR阳性神经细胞体。结论:扬子鳄大肠和输尿管分别存在有NPY、VIP和SP、VIP神经分布。     

神经肽Y、P物质在扬子鳄泄殖腔壁内的分布

目的 :观察含神经肽Y(NPY)、P物质 (SP)神经在扬子鳄泄殖腔壁内的分布情况。方法 :免疫组织化学ABC法及免疫荧光法。结果 :扬子鳄泄殖腔壁内SP免疫反应 (SP IR)阳性神经纤维多见于肌层 ,也见于外膜、呈细线状或点线状 ,肌层内的SP IR神经纤维与平滑肌纤维平行走行或构成网络状 ;NPY免疫反应 (NPY IR)神经纤维呈细线状 ,密度较稀 ,主要见于肌层 ,也近似与平滑肌纤维平行走行 ,免疫荧光法还证实 ,肌层内有散在分布的、多呈椭圆形的NPY IR阳性神经元胞体 ,并见有突起与周围的神经纤维形成联系。结论 :扬子鳄的泄殖腔壁也存在有SP、NPY能神经分布     

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the human and monkey (Macaca fascicularis) kidney

Nerve fibers immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y (NPY) are demonstrated for the first time by the indirect immunofluorescence technique in the human and monkey kidney. NPY-like immunoactivity (NPY-LI) is shown in a bundle of nerve fibers in the surrounding connective tissue of arteries and to a lesser extent, veins, mainly at the juxtamedullary region. Varicose nerve terminals are shown associated with blood vessels and passing between tubules in the mid and lower cortex. NPY-LI nerve fibers are also seen surrounding afferent and occasionally efferent arterioles at the vascular pole of the glomeruli. The distribution of NPY-LI nerve fibers in the monkey and human kidneys is similar to that of other species, only the quantity of the nerve fibers varies.     

Characterization of Meibomian gland innervation in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

To characterize the innervation of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Meibomian (tarsal) glands, upper lids of six cynomolgus monkeys were investigated with electronmicroscopical and double-labeling immunocytochemical methods. Antibodies against calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), dopamine--hydroxylase (DBH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), substance P (SP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were used. In addition, sections were processed for NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry. Staining for PGP 9.5 and electron microscopy showed that Meibomian gland acini were surrounded by a network of unmyelinated nerves and terminal varicose axons. The terminals contained small agranular (30–60 nm) and large granular vesicles (65–110 nm), and were observed in close contact with the basal lamina of the acini, but never internally to the basal lamina. Meibomian axons showed like-immunore-activity (LI) for the neuropeptides SP, CGRP, NPY, and VIP. In addition, the axons stained for TH, DBH, NOS, and NADPH-d. VIP-LI, NOS- and NADPH-d-positive axons appeared to be more numerous, TH- and DBH-positive axons more rare than others. Most SP-LI axons were double-labelled for CGRP-LI, some for VIP-LI or NPY-LI. In addition, some VIP-LI axons were double-labeled for NPY-LI. NPY/VIP-LI and NPY/SP-LI axons were only observed close to the Meibomian acini. Conversely, NPY-LI colocalized with TH-IR or DBH-IR predominated in perivascular nerves of Meibomian gland vasculature. The close association of varicose axons with the acini of Meibomian glands indicates that nervous signals modulate meibomian secretion. Meibomian gland nerve fibers in the cynomolgus monkey appear to utilize various neuropeptides, catecholamines and nitric oxide as transmitter substances, and seem to derive from the pterygopalatine, superior cervical and trigeminal ganglion respectively.     

Distribution and origin of nerve fibers in the rat temporomandibular joint capsule

 The distribution and origin of nerve fibers containing neuropeptides and NOS projecting to the temporomandibular joint capsule (TMJ) of the rat were studied by retrograde tracing in combination with immunocytochemistry. Numerous nerve fibers were seen in the TMJ as revealed by the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5. Nerve fibers containing neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were seen in the synovial membrane, the joint capsule and entering the articular disc. Injection of the retrograde tracer True Blue (TB) into the TMJ resulted in the appearance of numerous labeled nerve cell bodies in the trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia, and moderate numbers in the nodose, the otic, the sphenopalatine, the stellate and the dorsal root ganglia at levels C2–C5. Most of the TB-labeled cell bodies in the superior cervical and stellate ganglia contained NPY. In the trigeminal ganglion, numerous TB labeled cell bodies contained CGRP and a minor population stored SP, a few cell bodies were seen to store NOS or PACAP. In the sphenopalatine and otic ganglia, TB labeled cell bodies contained NOS or VIP. In the nodose ganglion, labeled cell bodies contained CGRP; other labeled cell bodies harbored NOS. In the cervical dorsal root ganglia, the majority of the labeled cell bodies stored CGRP and smaller populations stored SP and PACAP. Thus, the innervation of the TMJ is complex and many different ganglia are involved. Accepted: 13 October 1997     

Fiber arrangements of cutaneous and muscular rami in cervical nerves of the rat--regarding conception of the spinal nerve stratum-structure

Fluorescence tracers DiO and DiI were applied to compare fiber arrangements of cutaneous and muscular rami in the proximal region of anterior and posterior branches of cervical nerves. Results show that a ventrodorsal relationship of cervical nerves is observed in gross level; however, fiber arrangements of cutaneous and muscular rami differ in anterior branches according to distance from the anterior root and dorsal root ganglia. That is, the fibers have a scattering course (no ventrodorsal relationship) in distal regions. Moreover, just before entering anterior roots, the motor fibers of muscular ramus run through the ventral part and sensory fibers of muscles and fibers of cutaneous ramus run through the dorsal part and intersect with motor fibers of the posterior muscular ramus. In contrast with the anterior one, in posterior branches of cervical nerves, cutaneous and muscular rami fibers are very regularly arranged in the distal and proximal region. Based on these results, the ventrodorsal relationship of fiber arrangements could exist in posterior branches and proximal region of anterior branches. Present results differ with those of the spinal nerve stratum-structure; therefore, they are insufficient to elucidate the relationship of peripheral nerves by conception of spinal nerve stratum-structure.     

日本猴椎旁交感神经节中含肽神经元的研究

本实验系应用荧光免疫组织化学的方法观察猴下位腰段椎旁交感神经节(L_(6-7))中神经肽Y,血管活性肠肽,降钙素基因相关肽,和P物质的存在、分布情况以及它们与酪氨酸羟化酶的共存关系。结果表明,大量细胞呈神经肽Y免疫反应阳性,它们在神经节周边分布更为密集。中等数量的血管活性肠肽阳性细胞和小量降钙素基因相关肽细胞散在于神经节内。在经含有Colchiciue的培养液离体孵育12h的标本上,可见中等数量的P物质免疫反应阳性细胞。根据抗酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)抗体的免疫染色结果,神经节内的神经元可分为TH~+和TH~-两群,前者占大多数。相邻切片免疫染色结果表明,几乎所有神经肽Y免疫阳性细胞同时含有TH,而所有血管活性肠肽免疫反应阳性细胞均呈酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应阴性。神经肽Y与血管活性肠肽无共存关系。降钙素基因相关肽存在于部分血管活性肠肽免疫反应阳性细胞中,即属于VIP~+/TH~-组。从以上结果得出结论,在猴下位腰段椎旁交感神经节中,神经肽Y与血管活性肠肽分别存在于TH~+和TH~-两个细胞群。即神经肽Y存在于TH阳性神经元中,血管活性肠肽和降钙素基因相关肽则存在于TH阴性神经元中。     

Target-specific projections of intrinsic ganglionic neurons with different chemical codes in the canine larynx.

The distribution and origin of peptide-containing intrinsic nerve fibers within the larynx were examined by immunohistochemistry and denervation experiments in the dog. In the normal larynx, a dense network of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-immunoreactive (IR) fibers was seen around the acini of submucosal glands. VIP-, substance P (SP)-, or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-IR fibers were seen in the walls of submucosal arteries, and VIP-, neuropeptide Y (NPY)-, or enkephalin (ENK)-IR fibers were seen around the arteries in the muscle tissue. Most of these peptide-IR fibers remained after bilateral denervation of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves. Several small intrinsic ganglia were found along the peripheral branches of the laryngeal nerves. About 97% of the ganglionic neurons were VIP-IR; of these, 44% were immunoreactive to VIP alone, 22% to VIP and NPY, 13% to VIP and SP, 7% to VIP and ENK, and 14% to VIP, NPY and SP. These results reveal that the exocrine glands and blood vessels are innervated by the intrinsic ganglionic neurons and that subpopulations of ganglionic neurons with different chemical codes innervate specific target organs in the canine larynx.