Pheochromocytoma in black Africa. Report of 9 cases

Pheochromocytoma exists in black African countries with the same frequency observed in other places. The characteristics of our series of nine patients are the followings: an average age of 19, 6 years old, a sex-ratio of 1, 25, a paroxysmal high blood pressure for six patients, no MEN neither malignant tumors, the measures of V.M.A. done positively eight times, a retropneumoperitoneum scan, seven arteriographies, three echographies which were consistently positive, one death post surgery by collapsus consecutive to tumor excision, only one contralateral recurrence and positive followings in all other cases.     

Intragenicular subchondral fracture. Report of 10 cases

10 cases of subchondral fracture of femoral condyle or tibial plateau with or without rupture of lateral meniscus were reported. All these fractures were compressive type and were treated by open poking reduction and filling of the remaining defect with cancellous bone. Follow-up for 5 to 9 years of the 10 patients showed that they regained painless stable knee and resumed their previous works. We purposely reviewed genicular radiograms of 100 cases who had knee joint injuries, and found that certain number of them showed depression on articular surfaces of femoral condyles, possibly compressive fractures, which should have been considered more seriously. The essential points of diagnosis and the operative keys of surgery for this kind of injury have been mentioned in the paper.     

Pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder. Report of 2 cases with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical analyses

Two cases of primary pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder are reported. Ultrastructural demonstration of neuroendocrine granules and immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase and synoptophysin, and the absence of cytokeratin, an epithelial marker, are useful features for distinguishing pheochromocytomas from carcinomas of the bladder.     

Pheochromocytoma in children: 15 cases.

Pheochromocytoma is an uncommon tumor in childhood; nevertheless, 20% of all pheochromocytomas are found in the pediatric population. Fifteen children have been treated in our institution from 1962 to 1990. One percent of patients referred over the same period for investigation of high blood pressure were found to have a pheochromocytoma. The majority of patients have hypertension. It varies in intensity and is paroxysmal in about half the patients. Many pediatric cases of unilateral, bilateral, extra-adrenal, familial, and recurrent pheochromocytomas have been reported. We reviewed our 28 years experience with this tumor and concentrated on the diagnosis, the preoperative and operative management, and the occurrence of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.     

Clear cell cribriform hyperplasia of prostate. Report of 10 cases

We report 10 patients with clear cell cribriform hyperplasia of the prostate. Their ages ranged from 62 to 87 years, with a mean of 72 years. The clinical diagnosis in all patients was benign nodular hyperplasia; all the patients are alive and have shown no evidence of recurrent disease. Follow-ups ranged from 1 month to 7 years (median: 12.5 months; mean: 24.6 months). Pathologically, this lesion has a cribriform arrangement of clear cells with a complex papillary growth simulating the cribriform pattern of prostatic carcinoma. In fact, in five of the 10 cases, the referring diagnosis was either carcinoma or possible carcinoma. Cytologically, however, there is no nuclear atypia, mitosis, or prominent nucleoli, and typically there is a double epithelial cell layer at the periphery of the involved acini. In summary, clear cell cribriform hyperplasia is a benign hyperplastic process with a complex papillary-cribriform structure and should not be confused with prostatic carcinoma. The key feature for the diagnosis is the preservation of nodular configuration with a bland cytology and double cell layer lining the involved acini.     

腔镜下甲状腺手术10例报告

目的 探讨胸骨前径路腔镜下甲状腺次全切除术的方法。方法 回顾分析10例腔镜下甲状腺次全切除术l临床资料。结果 10例腔镜下甲状腺次全切除术全部成功，手术时间140min-360min，平均164min，术后住院4d～8d，平均5d，无神经或甲状旁腺损伤及其它并发症。随访10例，时间2月-5月，平均2．1月，无复发或肿瘤残留。结论 胸骨前径路行甲状腺手术安全可靠，切口小，位置隐蔽，具有更好的美容效果。     

Genito-urinary malacoplakia. Report of 10 cases and review of the literature

The malakoplakia is a rare and benign disease. Its urinary localisation is commonly known. It has no clinical particularity. The diagnosis is histological. The physiopathology is infectious associated with a local macrophage function failure. The treatment associates antibiotic and colinergic drugs. Surgical removal is necessary only when the organ is destroyed. We report 10 cases of urinary malakoplakia with 4 renal localisation's causing pyonephrosis in the majority of cases, 3 prostatic localisation's that were wrongly considered as prostatic adénocarcinoma after a rectal examination and finally 3 testicular localisation's causing a necrotic destruction of the testis. The urinalysis was positive in 4 cases. We did 4 kidney removals, 3 endoscopic prostatic resections and 3 testis removals. The diagnosis was made by the histological examination of the surgical products.     

Methaemoglobinaemia due to accidental sodium nitrite poisoning. Report of 10 cases

Nitrates and nitrites are widely used in the food and chemical industry. Poisoning with these agents may be potentially life-threatening as a result of the production of methaemoglobin. A group of 10 patients suffering from moderate to severe methaemoglobinaemia after accidental intoxication with a sodium nitrite salt is described. One patient died but the other 9 recovered rapidly. The low mortality rate was attributed to prompt diagnosis and institution of appropriate therapy with methylene blue and ascorbic acid.     

Giant Malignant Cystic Pheochromocytoma: A Case Report

Cystic malignant pheochromocytomas are uncommon. Differing from solid pheochromocytomas, which produce catecholamines and present adrenergic syndrome, cystic pheochromocytomas, may not produce these. Preoperative diagnosis may be difficult. Ct scan is useful for preoperative management. In this report, we describe a case of a giant malignant cystic pheochromocytoma in a young woman (17 years old) which presented as giant abdominal mass. The malignancy was confirmed by the presence of liver metastasis. Two years after curative resection, the patient is in good health with no recurrence.     

Primary upper small-intestinal lymphoma and alpha-chain disease. Report of 10 cases emphasizing pathological aspects.

Ten cases of primary upper small-intestinal lymphoma associated with alpha-chain protein in serum were discovered in a prospective study of the sera of patients with immunoproliferative small-intestinal disease (IPSID). Patients were mostly young males presenting with abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea and showing laboratory evidence of carbohydrate, fat, and vitamin B12 malabsorption and hypoalbuminemia. The more frequently encountered pathologic abnormality was a diffusely nodular jejunal mucosa produced by a plasmacytic infiltrate of variable cell maturity involving a varible depth of small bowel wall with or without involvement of the mesenteric or para-aortic-lymph node complex and, in one instance, the liver. A less frequent picture included circumferential ulcerative and constrictive transmural tumors of the upper small intestine produced by a malignant lymphoma with involvement of abdominal lymph nodes. Small-intestinal surface epithelial abnormalities, a dense mantle of mature plasma cells overlying the lymphoma, a pronounced follicular lymphoid hyperplasia adjacent to and at distances from the lymphoma were other features of note in our IPSID cases associated with alpha-chain protein.     

后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤16例

目的评价后腹腔镜肾上腺切除治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的临床价值。方法对我科2000年1月～2006年10月16例后腹腔镜治疗肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。左侧10例，右侧6例，瘤体直径2．5～4．6cm，平均3．1cm。结果术前准备时间6～28d，平均11d。除1例因肿瘤周围粘连严重和出血中转开放外，其余15例均成功切除肿瘤，手术时间平均110min（90～170min），手术出血量平均135ml（80～650ml）。3例嗜铬细胞瘤切除后血压正常，术后即刻未用去甲肾上腺素溶液，其中2例分别在术后4和6h收缩压由135mmHg降至80mmHg，1例56h后收缩压突然由140mmHg降至85mmHg，立即应用去甲肾上腺素溶液维持血压正常。术后病理诊断15例为良性肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤，1例开放者为低度恶性嗜铬细胞瘤，局部包膜浸润。术后平均住院12d（9～20d）。术后随访3～24个月，平均13个月，除1例需口服降压药外，其余血压均自然恢复正常，24h尿去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素及儿茶酚胺含量均正常。结论后腹腔镜肾上腺切除是治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的有效方法，具有创伤小、并发症少及恢复快等优点。术前准备和术后处理在治疗嗜铬细胞瘤的过程中具有较重要的价值。