术中胆道造影在LC中应用探讨

目的:探讨选择性经胆囊管胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法:有选择性地对72例行腹腔镜胆囊切除的病人,在术中经胆囊管胆道造影,并对其临床资料进行分析。结果:术中造影发现胆囊管变异13例(18%),胆总管结石8例(11.1%),中转开腹3例(4.1%),无胆管损伤。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术中选择性胆道造影可以减少胆囊残余、残留胆总管结石、胆管损伤,从而提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的质量和安全性。     

胆囊切除术中选择性胆管造影的临床应用

目的探讨胆囊切除术中选择性胆管造影的应用及其临床价值。方法回顾性分析在胆囊切除术中行选择性胆管造影68例患者的临床资料。结果68例选择性术中造影发现胆总管结石5例,胆囊管残余结石1例,Mirizzi综合征2例,胆道畸形2例（重复右肝管并注入胆囊管畸形1例,胆囊管与胆总管并行1例）,胆总管损伤1例,十二指肠损伤1例。对胆总管结石行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术。所有患者手术顺利,术后恢复良好,未发生任何并发症。结论选择性术中胆管造影能明确胆管解剖,及时发现残余结石、畸形及胆管损伤。有效地减少了胆道残余结石及胆道损伤的发生率,避免不必要的胆管探查,降低了并发症,提高手术的安全性。     

小切口胆囊切除术中选择性胆道造影56例分析

目的探讨小切口胆囊切除术中经胆囊管胆道造影的临床应用。方法对疑似胆管结石的56例患者采用小切口胆囊切除术中经胆囊管胆道造影。结果 56例患者术中经胆道造影提示胆道系统正常者52例,成功施行了小切口胆囊切除术,平均住院时间6d,均痊愈出院;4例胆道造影提示有胆管结石,延长切口行胆道探查胆管切开取石,均行胆总管一次缝合,术后无胆漏,平均住院时间8d,均痊愈出院。结论在施行小切口胆囊切除时,对术前及术中疑似胆管结石的患者,经胆囊管术中胆道造影,可有效地减少胆管残石率及避免不必要的胆道探查,具有简单、经济、有效的价值。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的临床应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的临床价值。方法回顾性分析69例经腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管行胆道造影的临床资料,并加以总结。结果造影成功69例,成功率100％,术中造影发现胆总管结石8例,胆道结构变异3例,胆管损伤1例。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术中选择性经胆囊管行胆道造影对降低胆管结石的残留,减少不必要的胆管阴性探查,辨明胆道解剖,避免及发现胆管损伤,提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的质量和安全性有重要价值。     

选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床应用观察

回顾性分析2009年1月~2013年12月我院102例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术术中行胆道造影患者资料。结果 102例患者98例成功经胆囊管造影4例经胆总管造影,发现胆总管结石15例,胆囊管异常开口8例,胰、胆管汇合畸形(PBM)6例,右侧副肝管5例,Mirizzi综合征5例,胆囊管结石5例,胆道损伤1例。术中予改相应术式,经处理后患者均康复出院。选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术能清楚显示胆道结构,能发现术前未确诊的胆总管结石、胆囊管结石,对胆管、胰管变异的诊断提供确切依据。胆道造影简便易行,增加术者的信心,值得在广大的基层单位推广。     

选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的探讨选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2006年6月至2011年2月行选择性术中胆道造影的51例腹腔镜胆囊切除患者的临床资料。结果造影成功49例,其中经胆囊管造影41例,经胆总管造影8例,成功率96．1％。造影结果提示胆总管结石12例,胆囊管结石4例,胆管损伤3例。行腹腔镜胆总管探查9例,中转开腹手术4例,腹腔镜下胆管修补1例,术后行十二指肠乳头切开取石3例。未见造影相关的严重并发症,围手术期无死亡病例。结论选择性术中胆道造影安全、简便,可以防止胆总管及胆囊管结石残留,还能避免不必要的胆道阴性探查和发现潜在的胆管损伤。     

无选择性腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影

目的：评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影的价值。方法：无选择性腹腔镜胆囊切除榱经胆囊管插管行胆道造影共215例,结果：210例造影成功,成功率为97．7％,术中造影发现胆管损伤2例,胆总管结石18例,其中12例经造影管NS加压冲洗排出结石,结论：术中胆道造影操作迅速,安全,显影清晰,成功率高,能防止或降低胆管损伤发生率,提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的质量,值得推广应用。     

胆囊切除术中胆道造影价值(附51例临床分析)

目的　探讨胆囊切除术中胆道造影价值。方法　回顾性分析 5 1例胆囊切除术中胆道造影的情况。结果　 5 1例中发现胆总管结石 8例 ,Mirizzi综合征 1例 ,胆管损伤 1例 ,胆囊管变异 4例。结论　术中胆道造影可降低胆道残石发生率 ,避免不必要的阴性胆总管探查。提供胆道解剖学依据 ,预防并及时发现胆道损伤。     

如何评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影技术的应用价值

目的 评价胆道造影技术在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用价值。方法 腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管行胆道造影共2503例。结果 2503例中，造影成功2419例，成功率为96.64%。术中造影发现胆总管结石193例，胆管损伤12例，副肝管1例。结论 术中造影操作迅速、安全，显影清晰，成功率高，能降低胆管损伤发生率；提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的质量，值得推广应用。     

腹腔镜术中胆道造影的临床意义

目的：探讨术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的临床应用价值。方法：对2005年4月-2008年7月行腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管插管造影共27例的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果：造影均成功，术中胆道造影发现胆总管结石3例，胆管变异2例，胆管损伤1例。结论：腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影对降低胆管结石的残留，预防并及时发现胆管损伤，明确胆管解剖及变异均有帮助。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊炎的临床观察

目的 探讨经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗胆囊炎的疗效.方法 对本院2003年3月至2010年9月收治的胆囊炎患者204例,均分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术进行治疗,对照组采用常规腹腔镜手术治疗,对两组患者治疗效果(胆管和肠管损伤、手术时间、麻醉时间、术后住院时间和再手术率)和并发症等相关因素进行统计学分析.结果 实验组患者在肠胆管损伤、出血量、抗生素应用时间、术后排气时间、进食时间和住院时间方面明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 对胆囊炎患者采用经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术是安全可靠的,但在手术中要正确处理患者胆囊三角的结构,在术中对患者进行胆管造影,并对不适宜经脐单孔腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术的患者进行开腹手术以降低患者出现并发症的机会.     

胆囊切除时漏诊胆总管结石的预防及治疗

目的　探讨胆囊切除时避免漏诊术前未发现的胆总管结石的手段和方法。方法　本组回顾分析胆囊切除6 2 5例 ,术中发现胆总管结石 14例。结果　术中通过胆总管外的触膜发现胆总管结石 7例 ,术中胆道造影发现胆总管结石 3例 ,术中经胆囊管胆道镜发现胆总管结石 2例 ,术中 B超发现胆总管结石 2例。结论　胆囊切除术中通过对胆总管的触摸、造影、胆道镜或 B超检查可以发现术前未发现的胆总管结石。为防止漏诊术前未发现的胆总管结石 ,应用上述方法是必要的。     

选择性术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中的应用

目的　探讨对于有胆道相对探查指征的病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术时术中胆道造影的应用价值。方法　对 112例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中经胆囊管胆道造影病人临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　 112例有相对胆道探查指征的病人行腹腔镜胆囊切除术时附加术中胆道造影阳性发现 2 3例 (2 0 . 5 3 % ) ,假阳性 1例 (0 . 89% ) ,中转开腹手术 7例 (6 .2 5 % ) ,没有胆道残余结石。结论　腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道造影可降低胆道阴性探查率 ,扩大腹腔镜胆囊切除术的手术适应证。     

80岁以上老年患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期应用快速康复理念的护理效果观察

目的探讨应用快速康复（FTS）理念对80岁以上高龄患者腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）围手术期临床护理的效果。方法将62例实施LC的80岁以上高龄患者按入院顺序分为FTS组和对照组各31例,治疗组术前、术中、术后应用FTS理念强化护理细节,对照组在围手术期进行普通常规护理。结果两组患者麻醉和手术时间、术中出血量比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而术中输液量、术后下床活动、禁食及住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组并发症4例,对照组并发症12例,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对80岁以上高龄患者LC围手术期应用FTS理念进行护理,可加快患者康复,缩短住院时间。     

Assessment of the biliary tract by ultrasonography and cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-chol) has induced routine cholangiography to map the biliary tree and identify common bile duct (CBD) stones. However, the use of more selective criteria for performing intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), drawbacks of IOC and experience with laparoscopic ultrasonography (LU) re-introduced intraoperative ultrasonography for the CBD. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of LU and IOC to identify the anatomy of the CBD and the presence of stones. METHODS: A total of 50 unselected patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were evaluated by LU and IOC. Stones were found in three patients by IOC and could be confirmed by ultrasonography and CBD exploration in two. RESULTS: Anatomic definition of the biliary tract and success of the procedure was better for LU (90 and 98%) than IOC (86 and 72%). CONCLUSION: For Surgical groups with experience in LU this technique appears to become the standard technique to identify the anatomy of the CBD and assessment of CBD stones.     

Two-stage treatment with preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) compared with single-stage treatment with intraoperative ERCP for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis with possible choledocholithiasis

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: An ideal treatment for choledocholithiasis in the laparoscopic era has not been established. The objective of this study was to elucidate whether a treatment strategy of performing intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) during laparascopic cholecystectomy (when choledocholithiasis is confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography) is better for patients with suspected common bile duct stones than the current strategy (preoperative ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective randomized study to evaluate which of these two approaches was most benefit- and cost-effective for patients with intermediate risk of choledocholithiasis. Patients underwent either preoperative ERCP followed by a laparoscopic cholecystectomy a few weeks later (the "preoperative ERCP" group) or intraoperative ERCP (the "intraoperative ERCP" group). Intraoperative ERCP was performed using the rendezvous technique. RESULTS: There were 64 patients in the preoperative ERCP group and 59 patients in the intraoperative ERCP group. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the two groups were similar, except that the bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels and the number of patients treated on an inpatient basis were higher in the preoperative ERCP group. Success rates were similar (96.6 % in the preoperative ERCP group vs. 90.2 % in the intraoperative ERCP group in the per-protocol study). Total morbidity, post-ERCP morbidity, and post-ERCP acute pancreatitis rates were higher in the preoperative ERCP group, but there were no differences between the two groups in the frequency of residual common bile duct stones, the conversion rate to open cholecystectomy, or surgical morbidity. The length of hospital stay and costs were lower in the intraoperative ERCP group despite the longer surgical times in this group. Univariate analysis did not find any relationship between morbidity and total bilirubin or GGT. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that morbidity was related only to the treatment group and the time spent in the operating room: the relative risk (RR) was 4.37 for morbidity and 1.015 for the time spent in the operating room); the RR for papillotomy was 5.49. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatment approaches were equally effective but the intraoperative ERCP group had less morbidity, a shorter hospital stay, and reduced costs. The lower morbidity in the intraoperative ERCP group resulted from the lower rate of papillotomy and lower rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Total morbidity was principally related to the type of treatment approach used.     

超声刀结合术中胆道造影行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术23例临床分析

目的:探讨超声刀结合术中胆道造影行腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术的手术适应症和安全性.方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1月～2011年3月行超声刀结合术中胆道造影腹腔镜胆囊大部切除术23例患者的临床资料.结果:全组病例均于术后第2天拔出腹腔引流管,术后第3天出院,随访至少3个月,无胆漏、出血或胆管损伤等围手术期并发症发生.结论:超声刀结合术中胆道造影行胆囊大部切除术对Calot三角解剖困难的手术安全性高.     

音乐放松疗法联合物理干预对行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围术期低体温状态及应激反应的影响

目的探讨音乐放松疗法联合物理干预措施保温毯对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者围术期体温、收缩压、舒张压及心率的影响。方法将于某院行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者共85例按照抽签法分为两组,其中甲组共有42例,实施常规棉被覆盖保温并通过语言、抚摸等手段予以安慰;乙组共有43例,在围术期实施音乐放松疗法及物理干预措施保温毯进行保温及安慰。对比两组患者在手术开始、手术30 min、手术结束的心率、收缩压、舒张压及体温变化,并记录患者术中低体温及术后寒战发生率,观察术中出血量、术中输液量及手术时间。结果在手术30 min、手术结束时乙组患者心率、舒张压、收缩压低于甲组,体温水平高于甲组(P<0.05);乙组的术中低体温发生率、术后寒战发生率及术中出血量低于甲组(P<0.05);两组的手术时间及术中输液量对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论音乐放松疗法联合物理干预对腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术中低体温及术后寒战具有预防作用,并可抑制心率、血压的上升,稳定体温水平。     

Routine bile cultures during elective cholecystectomy

To assess antibiotic usage and the value of routine intraoperative bile cultures, we retrospectively reviewed 79 patients who had elective cholecystectomy from January to December 1986. Forty patients (57%) received perioperative antibiotics, and 15 (19%) had positive intraoperative bile cultures. During follow-up, the only septic complications identified were wound infections in two patients (3%); one of them had received antibiotics and one had not. Each bile culture cost $60 to $80, and the cultures were not clinically useful. In the absence of risk factors associated with positive bile cultures, the incidence of wound infections or septic complications after cholecystectomy is low. We conclude that routine intraoperative bile cultures and prophylactic antibiotics are not indicated for elective cholecystectomy in low-risk patients.