肥胖儿童血清抵抗素变化及其临床意义

目的 探讨饮食控制和运动疗法对肥胖儿章血清抵抗素水平的影响及其临床意义。方法 测定36例肥胖儿童饮食控制和运动治疗前后血清抵抗素、胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三脂（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹和葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）2小时血糖、胰岛素,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果 肥胖儿童血清抵抗素水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）,并与OGTT2小时血糖、胰岛素呈正相关（P〈0．05）;经饮食控制和运动治疗后肥胖儿童血清抵抗素、体重、BMI、血清CHO、TG、LDL-C、空腹和OGTT2小时胰岛素、HOMA-IR显著低于治疗前（P〈0．05）,治疗前后空腹和OGTT2小时血糖差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 肥胖儿童血清抵抗素水平升高,并与OGTT2小时血糖、胰岛素呈正相关,推测将来有可能以检测血清抵抗素水平来了解肥胖儿童有否存在糖耐量受损;饮食控制和运动疗法可使肥胖儿童血清抵抗素降低,胰岛素抵抗减轻。     

Serum procalcitonin concentration in children with liver disease

Serum procalcitonin was measured in 58 children with symptoms and signs of hepatic disease. According to mechanism responsible for liver injury, children were assigned to one of 4 categories: 1, invasive bacterial infection; 2, acute viral infection; 3, toxic liver injury; and 4, autoimmune disease. Procalcitonin concentrations exceeded normal values in all children with invasive bacterial infection. It was low in viral infection and toxic liver injury. Moderately elevated procalcitonin concentrations were present in 50% of children with an autoimmune process.     

脓毒症患儿血清降钙素原动态监测的临床意义

目的 研究血清降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)对脓毒症患儿的诊断价值和PCT在评估严重脓毒症方面的意义.方法 采用前瞻性研究,研究对象为2011年7月至2012年4月湖南省儿童医院PICU收治的脓毒症患儿125例,将其分为重症脓毒症组及脓毒症组,同时根据分泌物细菌培养结果分为细菌性脓毒症组及非细菌性脓毒症组,并将同期入住该病房的非脓毒症患儿172例作为对照组.所有入选患儿住院后进行儿童危重病例评分及感染相关性器官功能衰竭评分,采集血标本动态检测PCT,同时检测C-反应蛋白(CRP)、WBC计数、中性粒细胞比例.结果 脓毒症组及非脓毒症组PCT平均值分别为(21.31±18.27) ng/ml、(4.35 ±2.63) ng/ml,脓毒症组PCT较非脓毒症组明显增高(t=4.744,P＜0.05).脓毒症患儿PCT、CRP及WBC的ROC曲线下面积分别为:0.737(95％可信区间:0.633 ～0.840)、0.704(95％可信区间:0.610～0.799)、0.666(95％可信区间:0.554～0.778),PCT诊断严重脓毒症时的最佳临界值为10 ng/ml,此时敏感度为80.2％,特异度为82.6％.细菌感染所致脓毒症抗生素治疗第5天,临床症状好转、体温下降时,血清PCT迅速回落,而CRP、WBC在细菌感染被控制后仍维持在高水平,其回落速度慢于血清PCT.死亡组PCT水平呈持续上升趋势,PCT水平与小儿危重病例评分呈负相关(r=-0.621,P＜0.05)、与感染相关性器官功能衰竭评分呈正相关(r =0.755,P＜0.01).结论 PCT是诊断严重脓毒症及细菌性脓毒症价值较高的指标,动态监测脓毒症患儿PCT变化趋势有助于患儿疴情变化的判断,为临床医师评估病情转归提供客观依据.     

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目的了解不同葡萄糖耐量状态的肥胖儿童血清脂联素水平,探讨其与年龄、体重指数(BMI)、血脂、血糖及胰岛素水平的关系。方法选择2002～2004年于广州市儿童医院初诊并住院诊治的肥胖儿童52例,分为36例糖耐量正常(NGT)肥胖组和16例糖耐量受损(IGT)肥胖组。测定两组肥胖儿童和41例年龄、性别匹配的正常儿童空腹血清脂联素、胆固醇(CHO)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、血糖和胰岛素(FINS),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMAIR)。肥胖组儿童均做口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),测定OGTT2h血糖和胰岛素。结果正常对照组、NGT肥胖组及IGT肥胖组血清脂联素水平依次降低,HOMAIR依次升高,且均有统计学意义;相关性分析显示肥胖儿童血清脂联素与TG、LDLC、FINS呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论肥胖儿童血清脂联素水平降低,并与血脂、胰岛素抵抗密切相关;与NGT肥胖组相比,IGT肥胖组儿童的血清脂联素水平进一步降低。     

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in children with chronic liver disease: clinical features and etiologic factors

We analyzed the clinical and bacteriologic features of 12 episodes of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in 11 children (four boys, median age 5.5 years) with chronic liver disease. All patients had cirrhosis and ascites; four had hypersplenism, and one was asplenic. Symptoms included increasing abdominal distention, pyrexia, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, and encephalopathy. Nine had rebound tenderness on abdominal palpation, and 12 had reduced bowel sounds. The most frequent organisms isolated from culture of ascitic fluid were Streptococcus pneumoniae (nine). Klebsiella (two), and Haemophilus influenzae (one); blood cultures grew identical organisms in nine. Seven patients died despite intensive antibiotic therapy. In the 3 months prior to onset of SBP, defective yeast opsonization and reduced serum concentration of C4 were found in all nine children tested; eight had reduced concentration of C3. Functional deficiency of all complement components was present in four tested within 1 to 5 months of the onset. In contrast, only eight of 59 cirrhotic children without SBP had low C3, and eight had defective yeast opsonization, although 35 had low C4 values. Four of the patients with SBP and low C3 and C4 concentrations had normal concentrations at the time of diagnosis of liver disease 2 to 5 years previously. Opsonization of type III pneumococci was reduced in sera from three patients who subsequently developed pneumococcal peritonitis. The incidence of SBP in children with chronic liver disease is similar to that in adults, as are the clinical features. Our observations suggest that complement deficiency induced by chronic liver disease may be important in the pathogenesis of SBP.     

慢性心力衰竭患儿血清卵泡抑素样蛋白1的变化及临床意义

目的 探讨卵泡抑素样蛋白1(FSTL1)在慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患儿血清中的变化及与左心室重构的相关性。方法 选取2014年5月至2015年5月CHF患儿45例为心衰组,其中心内膜弹力纤维增生症21例,扩张型心肌病24例;另选取门诊健康儿童30例为健康对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清FSTL1水平;采用放射免疫分析法测定氨基末端脑利钠肽前体;超声心动图测定左心室重构指标;Pearson相关或Spearman秩相关分析血清FSTL1与左心室重构指标的相关性。结果 心衰组治疗前血清FSTL1水平高于健康对照组(PPP=0.176)。血清FSTL1与左心室舒张末径(r=0.485,P=0.001)、左心室质量(r=0.322,P=0.031)、左心室质量分数(r=0.353,P=0.017)、氨基末端脑利钠肽前体(r=0.562,Pr=-0.436,P=0.003)、左室短轴缩短率(r=-0.436,P=0.003)呈负相关。结论 FSTL1可能参与CHF患儿左心室重构,血清FSTL1可以作为儿童CHF临床诊断、病情评估的客观指标之一。     

Hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function in prepubertal children with chronic liver disease

Adult patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) show clinical and biochemical signs of hypogonadism and estrogenization. However, no information is available on hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular function in prepubertal or early pubertal children with CLD. Eighteen prepubertal children with CLD, aged 5.8+/-5.5 years (mean +/- SD; range 0.32-12.8), were studied. Most of them had moderate liver function abnormality. Height was slightly decreased (SDS: -1.44-/+1.88) but weight for height was adequate. Serum gonadotropins were evaluated as a function of age. In the age group younger than 1 year (n = 7), serum LH was elevated (4.88+/-6.22 IU/l) when compared with a group of 39 control children (1.2+/-1.65), while serum FSH was normal. In this young group, serum testosterone was normal, but serum estradiol was significantly increased (24.1+/-19.7 pg/ml) when compared with the control group (6.5+/-3.54). In contrast, in the age group older than 2 years, no difference between patients with CLD and controls was observed, either in serum gonadotropins or in serum sex hormones. Taking the 18 patients with CLD together, serum SHBG (113.7+/-51 nmol/l; mean +/- SD) was significantly higher than in normal controls (76+/-38 nmol/l, n = 91, p <0.001). Moreover, and different from normal controls, no change with age was observed in serum SHBG, total testosterone or bioavailable testosterone (non-SHBG-bound). Normal testosterone response to hCG stimulation (>1 ng/ml) was found in a subgroup of 11 children with CLD. By contrast, eight of 11 patients with CLD had an inadequate decrease in SHBG after androgen stimulation. In conclusion, we observed that during the first year of life, a period which includes the postnatal activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis, there is an elevation of serum LH and serum estradiol that suggests the existence of a moderate deficiency of Leydig cell function. This disorder is no longer observed in older prepubertal children. Similar to reports in adults, children with CLD have elevation of serum SHBG levels. Furthermore, the lack of SHBG decrease and bioavailable testosterone increase with age, probably modulated by GH, suggests some degree of hepatic GH resistance in prepubertal patients with CLD.     

急慢性ITP患儿细胞免疫功能变化及临床意义

目的 　观察ITP患儿细胞免疫功能的变化及临床意义。方法　 采用流式细胞仪单克隆抗体免疫荧光法动态检测 3 5例急慢性ITP患儿的T淋巴细胞亚群、NK细胞。结果 　急慢性组均有CD4+、CD4+ CD8+显著降低 ,CD8+显著升高 ,P <0 0 1;慢性组CD3+、CD4+ CD8+显著低于急性组 ,P <0 0 5 ,NK细胞在慢性组中显著降低P <0 0 1。激素不降低急性组CD4+,丙球升高慢性组的CD4+、NK细胞两者分别能降低急慢性组的CD8+。 结论 　急慢性组均有T细胞亚群比例失调 ,慢性型更为明显 ,CD4+ CD8+、NK细胞对判断病程、预后有一定意义 ,激素不增加感染机会。     

心型脂肪酸结合蛋白在川崎病患儿中的变化及其临床意义

目的：通过测定川崎病（KD）患儿血清心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(h-FABP)水平变化,以探讨h-FABP在反映KD患儿心肌损害中的临床价值。方法：选择40例KD患儿为研究对象,以30例正常儿童为对照组。对KD组及对照组采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清h-FABP、肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）,同时利用杜邦全自动生化分析仪检测肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶（CK-MB）。并行心脏彩色多普勒(UCG)检测冠状动脉内径,将KD组分为冠状动脉病变（CAL）组和非冠状动脉病变（NCAL）组。结果：KD组血清h-FABP浓度、阳性率与对照组比较差异有显著性（P<0.01）,cTnI浓度及阳性率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而CK-MB浓度和阳性率与对照组比较差异无显著性（P>0.05）;h-FABP与cTnI阳性率比较差异有显著性（P<0.01）;CAL组和NCAL组血清h FABP浓度对比差异有显著性（P<0.01）。结论：血浆h-FABP、cTnI浓度可作为KD患儿早期心肌损害的生化标志物,而h-FABP具有更高的灵敏度和特异性;血浆h-FABP浓度对川崎病以及川崎病合并冠状动脉病变的早期诊断、指导治疗具有重要的临床意义。     

热性惊厥患儿血清细胞因子水平的变化及临床意义

目的 了解6月～2岁单纯性和复杂性热性惊厥患儿血清IFN-α,IL-8和TNF-α水平的异常变化。方法 应用ELISA法检测64例单纯性热性惊厥和52例复杂性热性惊厥患儿血清IFN-α,IL-8和TNF-α的含量,并对IL-8和TNF-α进行了相关性研究。结果 单纯性热性惊厥组血清TFN-α,IL-8和TNF-α的含量分别为467.68±112.46 ng/L,74.38±18.74 ng/L和812.36±232.38 ng/L,其含量明显高于正常对照组（P﹤0.01）,也明显高于单纯性热性惊厥组（P﹤0.01）。IL-8和TNF-α在这两组疾病中分别呈正相关（r1=0.565,r2=0.64,P ﹤0.01）。结论 ①在单纯性热性惊厥和复杂性热性惊厥中,细胞因子明显增加,在增强机体免疫系统抗感染的同时,也激发了免疫性炎症反应,对组织细胞可能产生损伤。②IL-8和TNF-α在两组疾病中形成一对辅助因子,并参与了整个病理过程。     

不同年龄哮喘患儿尘螨过敏及其临床意义

目的探讨尘螨过敏与哮喘之间的关系.方法测定不同年龄哮喘患儿和正常儿童的血清IgE水平以及尘螨皮试反应.结果①婴幼儿哮喘屋尘螨皮试阳性率较低(34%),在儿童哮喘则明显上升达70%(P＜0.001);②各年龄组皮试阳性的哮喘患儿血清IgE水平均明显高于皮试阴性哮喘患儿(P＜0.001);③婴幼儿期血清IgE迅速升高,尤其婴幼儿哮喘上升幅度更加明显;进入儿童期后上升幅度明显放慢.结论屋尘螨过敏是婴幼儿哮喘发展成儿童哮喘的重要因素之一;血清IgE升高与屋尘螨皮试表达有一定的关系,但它的表现明显早于屋尘螨皮试的表达;为此动态测定婴幼儿哮喘血清IgE水平有助于判断婴幼儿哮喘的预后.     

儿童急性髓性白血病端粒酶活性的检测及临床意义

目的　探讨端粒酶活性与儿童急性髓性白血病 (AML)发病与发展的关系。方法　采用改良端粒重复序列PCR扩增 (PCR TRAP)方法检测 2 0 0 0年 11月至 2 0 0 3年 12月期间在深圳市人民医院和中南大学湘雅医院住院的 2 9例AML患儿骨髓单个核细胞化疗前后端粒酶活性的变化 ,并与 9例正常骨髓单个核细胞端粒酶活性进行比较。结果　初诊时 ,AML患儿骨髓细胞端粒酶活性 (35 5 5± 37 4 1)TPG ,较对照组 (2 36± 2 2 7)TPG明显增高 ,为对照组的 15倍 (P <0 0 1) ;化疗后 ,13例对治疗反应较好的患儿其端粒酶活性下降至 (2 6 6± 3 99)TPG ,其中10例≤ 1 5TPG。结论　AML患儿骨髓端粒酶活性明显上调 ,诱导缓解后显著降低。提示端粒酶活化与AML发展有关 ,其活性的变化对判断疾病的治疗反应和预后有重要意义     

Resistance to growth hormone in children with chronic liver disease

Malnutrition adversely affects mortality and morbidity before and after liver transplantation. Outcome might be improved if liver transplant recipients were in a better nutritional state at the time of transplantation. In this review, we will examine the potential use of GH and IGF-I to improve nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis have low circulating IGF-I levels in the face of elevated serum GH concentrations. IGFBP-3 levels are low while IGFBP-1 levels are high. In patients with cirrhosis, IGF-I levels do not increase in response to treatment with GH. Patients with cirrhosis are insensitive to GH, and rhGH treatment is not likely to reverse malnutrition. The pathobiology of GH insentivity may reflect decreased nutritional intake, low GH receptor density, decreased IGF-I half-life and hepatic insensitivity to insulin.     

Plasma and liver carnitine status of children with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

BACKGROUND: Carnitine is an essential cofactor in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for oxidation. As its synthesis is performed in the liver, alterations in carnitine metabolism is expected in liver diseases, especially in cirrhosis. METHODS: In this study, we investigated plasma and liver carnitine concentrations of 68 children with chronic liver disease, 36 of whom had cirrhosis as well. Carnitine level was determined by enzymatic method. RESULTS: Plasma and liver carnitine concentrations were not correlated. Mean plasma carnitine level of cirrhotic children was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0. 0001). While there was no difference between liver carnitine concentrations of children with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (P>0.05), mean plasma level of cirrhotics were lower (P<0.05). Plasma carnitine was correlated with albumin, triglyceride and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in patients with chronic liver disease (P<0.05). Liver carnitine was correlated with GGT in cirrhotic patients (P<0.005). Children with malnutrition had higher plasma and liver carnitine levels (P<0.05). The highest plasma and liver carnitine levels were detected in children with biliary atresia and criptogenic cirrhosis, respectively. Both the lowest plasma and liver carnitine levels were detected in Wilson's disease. CONCLUSION: Children with cirrhosis have low plasma carnitine concentrations. This finding is prominent in children with Wilson's disease. As carnitine is an essential factor in lipid metabolism, the carnitine supplementation for patients with cirrhosis in childhood, especially with Wilson's disease, seems to be mandatory.     

川崎病患儿心型脂肪酸结合蛋白质量浓度变化及其与心功能关系探讨

目的探讨心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(h-FABP)在川崎病(KD)患儿中的水平变化及其与心功能的关系。方法选择青岛市儿童医院2004-02—2006-11收治的KD患儿40例为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清h-FABP;并行心脏彩超多普勒(UCG)检测冠状动脉内径及左室射血分数(LVEF)并进行分组。结果急性期血清h-FABP质量浓度明显高于恢复期(P<0.01);冠状动脉病变(CAL)组和非冠状动脉病变(NCAL)组血清h-FABP质量浓度对比差异显著(P<0.01);KD患儿血清h-FABP质量浓度与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.35,P<0.05)。结论血浆h-FABP质量浓度能够反映KD患儿心肌损害的严重程度,与LVEF相结合可估计患儿病情及预后。     

肥胖症儿童血浆脂联素水平测定及临床意义研究

目的探讨脂联素 (adiponectin)与儿童肥胖症发病的关系。方法研究对象共121名 ,男62名 ,女59例 ,年龄2～6岁 ,其中肥胖症儿童62例 ,正常对照儿童59例。采用ELISA方法检测血浆脂联素水平 ;免疫比浊法测定血脂各成分 ,包括甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TCH)、低密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇 (LDL_c)、高密度脂蛋白 -胆固醇(HDL_c)、载脂蛋白A(apoA)、载脂蛋白B(apoB) ;酶学比色法测定游离脂肪酸 (FFA)水平 ;并分析脂联素与体重指数 (BMI)、血脂、游离脂肪酸间的相关性。结果①肥胖症儿童血浆脂联素水平低于正常对照组 ,差异有显著性 (P<0.05) ;②肥胖症儿童血浆TG、TCH、LDL_c、HDL_c、apoA、apoB、FFA与正常对照组相比差异均无显著性(P>0.05) ;③血浆脂联素与BMI呈显著负相关 (r= -0.35,P<0.05) ,与甘油三酯呈显著负相关 (r= -0.51,P<0.01) ,与血脂其他成分及游离脂肪酸均无相关性。结论作为新型脂源性激素 ,脂联素水平的变化与儿童肥胖症的发病有关 ,并且脂联素的变化早于血脂成分的改变 ;检测血浆脂联素 ,有助于判断儿童肥胖症发展趋势 ,为儿童肥胖症的防治开拓新的思路。