单排CT检查冠脉钙化影像学分析

目的:通过评价40例冠状动脉病变单层CT检查的影像学分析,探讨单层螺旋CT扫描在冠脉钙化检出的价值。方法:回顾性分析40例经临床诊断和行冠脉扫描冠心病患者的临床资料,使用单层螺旋CT扫描机,采用重叠扫描20～30 s。结果:40例中35例检出钙化,检出率为87.5%,其中12例为单支钙化,占34.2%,11例为双支钙化,占31.4%,12例为三支钙化,占34.2%。结论:单层螺旋CT能较好地显示冠脉钙化特点,具有较高的应用价值,是安全、准确的冠心病诊断方法,能够作为冠心病防治在基层医院的普查方法。     

多层螺旋CT冠脉成像诊断冠心病的价值探讨

目的探讨多层螺旋CI冠脉造影（MSCTA）对冠心病（CAD）的诊断价值。方法对临床拟诊冠心病的55例病人行MSCTA，并与导管法冠脉造影（CAG）作对照。以管腔狭窄≥50％为CAD的诊断标准，cT值≥120HU定义为钙化斑块。结果55例患者220支冠脉血管中有204支（92．7％）血管能够满足冠脉评价要求。其诊断CAD总体敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性分别为81．6％、87．1％、66．7％、93．8％、85．8％。钙化斑块组的CT值（387．34—448．1HU）明显高于非钙化斑块（64．38±87．36）HU（P〈0．01）。结论MSCTA对CAD的初步诊断显示出良好临床价值，可作为CAD高危人群以及介入治疗前的一种筛查手段。MSCT可结合密度测定判定斑块的性质，对判断冠脉斑块的稳定性具有重要的临床意义。     

16层螺旋CT对冠状动脉斑块的诊断价值探讨

目的探讨16层螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样斑块的诊断价值。方法65例临床诊断为冠心病患者根据临床表现分为二组：急性冠脉综合征（ACS）组和稳定型心绞痛（SAP）组。经16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查及图像后处理，对检出的斑块进行定性分析，并对各种性质斑块所引起的管腔狭窄程度进行分析。结果65例中ACS组46例，软斑块37个，中等密度斑块22个，钙化斑块12个；稳定型心绞痛组19例中软斑块6个，中等密度斑块8个，钙化斑块22个，非钙化斑块与冠心病危险性有明显的相关性（P〈0．05）；非钙化斑块导致管腔狭窄程度：轻度狭窄15处，中度狭窄16处，重度狭窄42处；而钙化斑块：轻度狭窄18处，中度狭窄10处，重度狭窄6处，不同性质斑块与其导致管腔狭窄程度有明显的相关性（P〈0．05）；与CAG相比冠状动脉CTA可出现假性狭窄。结论16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像能够无创、方便快捷对冠状动脉粥样斑块进行定性分析，并能预测冠心病的危险性，可作为冠状动脉疾病筛选的一种优良影像学检查技术。     

16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用研究

目的：探讨16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的临床应用价值。方法：对临床诊断或拟诊冠心病的126例患者分别行钙化积分平扫及冠状动脉增强扫描，利用平扫图像行钙化积分分析，增强扫描图像行最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重建(MPR)和容积再现(VRT)等图像后处理技术，分析冠状动脉显示情况，判断冠状动脉狭窄程度。结果：钙化积分分析显示126例中，无钙化46例，轻微钙化14例，轻度钙化23例，中度钙化30例，重度钙化13例。126例共显示冠状动脉节段数1327个，CT图像能够满足评价的节段数1193个(89．9％)。其中16例与导管法冠状动脉造影比较，CT示血管狭窄30处，导管法冠状动脉造影示血管狭窄29处，两者一致25处。结论：16层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在诊断冠状动脉狭窄及评价冠状动脉钙化等方面起着重要作用，可作为筛选检查冠心病的方法。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分在冠心病诊断中的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉钙化积分在冠心病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法收集2008-01~06间,来我院就诊行CT冠脉成像同时做钙化积分扫描的患者56例。其中,根据既往史和冠状动脉造影确定冠心病30例(冠心病组),健康体检无症状者26例(对照组)。采用西门子16层螺旋CT及CaScoring自动分析软件进行冠脉钙化积分分析。结果冠心病组的平均钙化分数为412.33±22.35,对照组为68.35±18.43,冠心病组的总钙化积分值明显高于对照组(P<0.05),4大分支血管的独立钙化积分在冠心病组和对照组间的差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论冠状动脉钙化积分对冠心病的筛选和诊断及病变程度判断有重要的意义,可作为临床评价冠心病的有效指标之一。     

多层螺旋CT冠脉造影对非钙化斑块致血流动力学变化的显示价值

目的 初步探讨多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对非钙化斑块导致冠脉血管血流动力学变化的显示价值。方法 将疑似冠心病并进行CT冠脉造影及数字减影血管造影（DSA）,且两种检查结果一致的86例患者,总计258支主支血管图像经EBW工作站后处理后,以DSA为金标准,根据冠脉血管狭窄程度分为4组（正常组、轻度狭窄组、中-重度狭窄组、闭塞组）,首先测量病变组主支血管内非钙化斑块前后3mm内CT值,其次随机测量正常组主支血管管腔CT值。计算单支血管前后CT值比值,并进行统计学分析。结果 正常血管组别和轻度狭窄的组别比较,斑块前后CT值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;中-重度和闭塞的组别与正常血管和轻度狭窄组别比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;中-重度狭窄和闭塞组别比较,斑块前后CT值,斑块前后CT值差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 在256层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影中,当非钙化斑块致冠脉狭窄达到中度以上时,对冠状动脉血管血流动力学的变化有显示价值,以此对临床冠心病的诊断和术前预评估有一定意义。     

64排螺旋CT血管造影诊断冠状动脉狭窄50例

目的：探讨64排螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）诊断冠状动脉狭窄的价值。方法50例经临床证实的冠心病患者均在64排螺旋CT下行平扫加增强扫描,并进行图像后处理。结果50例中,48例清晰显示冠状动脉钙化或非钙化斑块86处,其中管腔轻度狭窄48处,中度狭窄25处,重度狭窄13处;2例患者因年龄较大,扫描伪影多,图像显示欠佳。结论64排螺旋CT扫描时间短,能清晰地显示冠状动脉主干及各分支管壁钙化、非钙化斑块及相应管腔狭窄程度,对冠心病的诊断具有重要的价值。     

冠脉CTA定量参数与冠心病患者疾病进展和预后的关系

目的 探讨冠脉螺旋CT造影(CTA)定量参数与冠心病患者疾病进展及预后的关系。方法 回顾性分析2020年7月至2021年7月在西安市第九医院确诊的150例冠心病患者的临床诊治和影像资料。所有患者均行冠脉CTA,根据患者检出的病变最严重的血管狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄组25例、中度狭窄组58例和重度狭窄组67例,比较各组患者间的斑块定量参数,采用Spearman相关性分析斑块定量参数与血管狭窄程度的关系,记录各组患者心血管不良事件(MACE)发生情况,采用ROC曲线面积评价斑块定量参数[总斑块负荷(包括钙化与非钙化斑块负荷)、动脉阻力指数(RI)、斑块最小密度]预测冠心病患者发生MACE的价值。结果 轻度狭窄组患者与中度狭窄组患者的总斑块负荷、RI值均低于重度狭窄组,斑块最小密度值均高于重度狭窄组,而轻度狭窄组患者的总斑块负荷、RI均低于中度狭窄组,斑块最小密度值高于中度狭窄组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);轻度狭窄组患者发生MACE 9例(36.00%),中度狭窄组发生MACE 29例(50.00%),重度狭窄组发生MACE 54例(80.60%),三组间比较差异具有统计学意义(...     

134例有症状患者中64层螺旋CT检出冠心病的准确性:钙化的影响

背景:新型64层螺旋CT扫描下的血管造影可以在屏气时间较短和心率较快的情况下检出有症状患者的冠心病。作者旨在确定64层扫描是否可以克服轻至中度钙化的限制作用。方法:拟行常规冠状动脉造影的134例患者在3个月内施行多层螺旋CT下的血管造影。依照改良的Agatson公式将患者分为     

轻度脂肪肝的CT诊断

目的探讨轻度脂肪肝的CT特征,总结诊断经验。方法采用回顾性的分析方法,选取2011年2月-2012年4月某院收治确诊为脂肪肝患者共142例作为研究对象,行CT扫描,获得肝、脾CT值,并取比值,对比弥漫性脂肪肝与局灶性脂肪肝的CT特征,就轻度脂肪肝特征进行分析。结果共诊断出轻度脂肪肝74例占52.11%,其中弥漫性脂肪肝63例,无占位效应,病灶分布均匀,局灶性脂肪肝11例,病灶分布特异,有占位效应;轻度脂肪肝患者人均肝脏CT值（47.29±8.21）HU,肝、脾CT比值（0.75±0.11）。结论轻度脂肪肝患者其肝脏密度较中度、重度患者更高,弥漫性脂肪肝诊断较易,局灶性脂肪肝诊断,部分患者需进行增强扫描、增添对比剂或延时扫描,以排除肝癌、肝血管瘤等占位性病变的可能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.