贫血加重IgA肾病患者的临床和病理改变

目的 分析IgA肾病合并贫血患者的临床病理特征.方法 收集经肾活检确诊的IgA肾病患者临床资料409例,按照贫血与否分为非贫血组和贫血组,回顾性分析两组患者的临床和病理资料.结果 与非贫血组比较,贫血组患者的肾小球损伤和肾小管间质萎缩程度较重、24 h尿蛋白增多和eGFR降低.Spearman相关分析结果显示,血红蛋白、eGFR与肾脏病理损伤呈负相关(P＜0.05),血尿酸、24h尿蛋白与肾脏病理损伤呈正相关(P＜0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析发现贫血是肾小管间质萎缩的独立危险因素.结论 IgA肾病合并贫血患者的临床和病理损伤重于IgA肾病非贫血的患者,贫血参与IgA肾病的进展.     

742例原发性IgA肾病患者的临床病理特征及其预后分析

目的:探讨原发性IgA肾病（IgA nephropathy,IgAN）患者的临床病理特征及IgAN患者肾脏预后的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年9月在安徽医科大学第一附属医院经肾活检确诊原发性IgAN的患者资料,并根据肾活检时基线肾功能（estimated glomerular filtration...     

强直性脊柱炎相关IgA肾病临床病理分析

目的了解强直性脊柱炎（AS）相关IgA肾病的临床病理特点。方法自1997年1月至2006年12月10年间在北京协和医院接受肾活检确诊为IgA肾病的AS患者10例，回顾性分析其临床及病理特点。结果男性9例，女性l例，平均年龄（28．6＋6．8）岁（16～53岁）。4例患者表现为无症状镜下血尿；6例表现反复血尿合并蛋白尿，其中2例有发作性肉眼血尿。平均尿蛋白量（24h）为（1．56±1．53）g（0．02-5．26g）。2例患者有血压升高。所有患者的血肌酐水平均在正常范围。光镜下，8例患者呈轻度系膜细胞增生，IgA肾病Lee氏分级均为Ⅰ或Ⅱ级；另外2例呈中重度系膜增生性改变，IgA肾病Lee氏分级分别为Ⅲ级和Ⅵ级。结论AS相关IgA肾病临床表现为隐匿性肾炎或慢性肾小球肾炎，病理改变以轻度系膜增生为主。     

原发性IgA肾病中的微血管损害

目的 了解原发性IgA肾病中微血管损害及新月体形成(V/C)的临床、病理特点。方法 以2004年确诊并行肾穿刺活检证实的87例伴V/C损害的原发性IgA肾病与同期135例不伴V/C损害的原发性IgA肾病以及伴有V/C的狼疮肾炎患者的临床、病理资料进行比较。结果 原发性IgA肾病中较常发生V/C损害,发生率为39.19%;而V/C损害受累小球数占肾小球总数的(14.08±12.75)%。37.9%伴V/C损害的IgA肾病患者血清肌酐升高。血压、尿蛋白等临床指标在有与无V/C损害的两组IgA肾病间均无显著性差异。原发性IgA肾病患者的球性硬化发生率(135例/222例,64.86%)、球性硬化数与肾小球总数的比率[(26.98±24.68)%]均显著高于LN组[30例/73例,40.00%,(16.18±18.80)%]。结论 原发性IgA肾病中V/C损害发生率较高,出现常缺乏明显临床表现,并可能导致肾单位的缓慢、持续性、“非显性”丢失, 最终进展至终末期肾衰。     

伴足细胞尿的IgA肾病的临床病理特征

目的 探讨伴足细胞尿的IgA肾病（IgAN）患者的临床病理特点。方法 入选IgAN患者36例,其中男性20例,女性16例,平均年龄（34．1±12．2）岁。10例健康志愿者为健康对照。足细胞排泄的定量检测采用尿沉渣涂片免疫组化染色直接计数。进行尿液足细胞排泄与肾脏病理的相关分析。结果 （1）IgAN患者尿细胞podocalyxin阳性率为61%,健康对照组为0（P＜0．05）。（2）与非大量蛋白尿（＜3．0 g/24 h）IgAN患者比较,大量蛋白尿（≥3．0 g/24 h）IgAN患者的尿液足细胞检测阳性率、尿液足细胞排泄数、足细胞与尿肌酐的比值以及足细胞占尿液小管上皮细胞的百分数均显著增高（P＜0．05）。IgAN患者足细胞排泄水平与蛋白尿水平呈正相关（r=0．446,P=0．007）。（3）与无足细胞尿的患者比较,伴足细胞尿的IgAN患者的蛋白尿水平显著增高,血浆白蛋白水平显著降低,肾小管上皮细胞与尿肌酐的比值亦显著增高（P＜0．05）。但伴与不伴足细胞尿的2组IgAN患者在年龄、性别、血压、Scr、血红蛋白水平以及血浆脂质代谢等方面差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。（4）尿足细胞的排泄与细胞新月体或细胞纤维性新月体、小球血管襻腔狭窄和足突广泛融合病变有关,而与系膜、内皮细胞病变及局灶基底膜增厚无关。伴足细胞尿的患者肾小球和肾小管间质纤维化更明显（P＜0．05）。伴有新月体的患者其尿液足细胞排泄水平、尿液上皮细胞和管型的排泄均增加（P＜0．05）。结论 足细胞尿不仅是IgAN患者肾小球损伤的结果,也是IgAN患者活动性损伤的指标。足细胞尿排泄的水平与蛋门尿水平呈正相关,与肾脏病理类型也有一定的关系。     

原发性IgA肾病与非IgA系膜增生性肾小球肾炎的临床病理分析

目的 比较原发性IgA肾病与非IgA系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（non-IgA mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis,non-IgA MsPGN）的临床及肾脏病理改变特点.方法 选择我科经肾活检确诊的原发性IgA肾病患者（A组）和non-IgA MsPGN患者（B组）进行临床与病理资料对比分析.结果 A、B组的性别、前驱上呼吸道感染诱因、起病时伴发高血压、镜下血尿、血肌酐无统计学差异（P＞0.05）.B组较A组起病年龄小,起病时伴发肉眼血尿比率低,肾病综合征发生率高,血IgG水平低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.A组肾小球、肾小管间质、肾小动脉病理改变发生率高于B组（P＜0.05）,IgM、C3沉积、系膜区电子致密物沉积、大块状致密物、足细胞微绒毛化、肾小球基底膜分层发生率均较B组高（P＜0.01）.结论 IgA肾病与non-IgA MsPGN在临床表现、病理改变上存在明显差异,IgA肾病较non-IgA MsPGN病理损伤重.     

IgA肾病临床与病理分析—附61例报告

目的：探讨IgA肾病患者临床与病理类型间的关系。为临床治疗及判断预后提供依据。方法：对61例IgA肾病患者的临床特点，病理及免疫病理等资料进行回顾性分析。结果：IgA肾病以血尿并发蛋白尿最多见，占49．18％，病理分级与临床类型未发现有相关性，与免疫病理学型无密切关系，但病理分级高，提示肾损害严重，预后不良，重度蛋白尿组的血肌酐，血尿素氮显著高于轻，中度蛋白尿组。结论：大量蛋白尿可能促进IgA肾病的肾功能损害进展。     

儿童无症状尿检异常IgA肾病的临床病理和预后分析

目的 探讨儿童无症状尿检异常的IgA肾病的临床病理特征和预后。 方法 对54例IgA肾病儿童的临床和病理特征进行分析。根据起病时有无临床症状分为无症状尿检异常组和有症状肾炎组。组织病理学分级参照Lee氏和Katafuchi氏半定量积分法。 结果 无症状尿检异常组18例，有症状肾炎组36例。有症状肾炎组尿蛋白量（24 h）明显高于无症状尿检异常组[（2.3±2.2） g比（0.4±0.3） g，P < 0.05]。无症状尿检异常的IgA肾病儿童表现为镜下血尿者，87％有尿微量白蛋白增高。无症状尿检异常IgA肾病患儿病理表现以Lee 氏Ⅰ~Ⅱ级为主，2例表现为Lee氏Ⅳ~Ⅴ级和 5例发生Katafuchi Ⅱ~Ⅲ级肾小管间质病变。有症状肾炎组Lee氏病理分级以Ⅱ~Ⅲ级为主，两者病理分级分布差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。全组患儿平均随访（26.9±8.8）月后，1例病理为Lee 氏Ⅴ级患儿进入终末期肾衰竭，其余患儿Scr均无升高1倍以上。 结论 无症状尿检异常的儿童IgA肾病虽临床症状轻微，但可出现病理损害严重的病例，并影响其预后。     

IgA肾病肾组织中基质金属蛋白酶2和单核细胞趋化因子1的表达

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）和单核细胞趋化因子-1（MCP-1）在IgA肾病肾组织的表达强度及其在该病早期肾损害发病机制中的作用。方法将30例IgA肾病患者经肾脏活体组织检查的。肾组织和1（）例切除肾肿瘤患者正常肾组织,进行MMP-2、MCP-1、Ⅳ型胶原免疫组织化学检测并进行半定量分析,按其组织学改变Lee分级标准和肾小管间质病变程度进行分组和分级,同时检测肾功能、24h尿蛋白定量等临床指标,并与组织学、免疫组织化学检测结果进行相关分析。结果在IgA肾病轻度肾损害阶段,MMP2和MCP-1表达水平显著高于正常对照（P〈0．05）,随着病变级别加重,MMP-2和MCP-1在肾小管间质的表达呈逐渐减少趋势（P〈0．05）,而Ⅳ型胶原在肾小管间质表达随肾损害加重呈逐渐增加趋势（P〈0．01）。Spearman相关分析显示,MMP-2和MCP-1表达水平与肾小管间质炎症细胞浸润程度呈正相关（P〈0．05）,与Ⅳ型胶原表达水平呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论MMP-2和MCP-1可能参与IgA肾病早期单个核细胞浸润等早期肾损害发病机制。     

IgA肾病牛津病理分型适用性及其与临床关系的研究

目的探讨应用IgA肾病牛津分型法的临床适用性及其与临床指标的关系。方法收集191例原发性IgA肾病患者肾活检前血肌酐（SCr）,24h尿蛋白定量、平均动脉压（MAP）等临床资料;依据IgA肾病牛津分型定义对肾组织切片进行病理分型;对不同牛津分型间肾活检前SCr、MAP、尿蛋白定量进行比较;对随访时SCr〉129．9μmol／L的26例患者就临床有效性进行预后多因素Logistic回归分析。结果肾组织伴有S1、T1—2型的患者比S0、T0型者。肾活检前SCr水平高（P〈0．05）。24h尿蛋白定量在M、S、E分型间无统计学差异。MAP在伴有S1、T1—2型患者中高于S0、T0型患者（P〈0．05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示伴有T1—2是导致疗效不佳的独立危险因素。结论牛津分型实际应用仍有局限性;IgA肾病患者伴有T1-2是导致疗效不佳的独立危险因素。     

伴有高脂血症的IgA肾病临床和病理分析

目的 探讨伴有高脂血症的IgA肾病临床表现和病理特点的关系.方法 回顾性分析我科经肾活检诊断为IgA肾病86例患者的一般情况、临床表现、病理资料.根据病程中患者血清脂质水平,分为高脂血症组40例和非高脂血症组46例.比较2组临床和病理资料.结果 高脂血症组血尿酸和24 h尿蛋白定量高于非高脂血症组,估算肾小球滤过率(e...     

Clinico-pathological features and renal outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy with IgM deposition

Objective To investigate the clinico-pathological features and renal outcomes of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with glomerular IgM deposition. Methods Primary IgAN diagnosed with biopsy from January 2006 to December 2011 were recruited. Patients were divided into groups according to IgM deposition (Group A) and without IgM deposition (Group B). In addition, Group A was subdivided into two groups based on the position of IgM deposits as the mesangium (Group A1) and both mesangium and capillary wall (Group A2). Renal outcomes were defined as end stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or the doubling of baseline serum creatinine. Clinico-pathological features were retrospectively compared. Kaplan-Meier was conducted for renal outcomes, and Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic value of IgM deposition and the position of IgM deposition in the progression of nephropathy in IgAN patients. Results 939 patients were enrolled with 422 (44.9%) having IgM deposition (Group A). Of the 422 patients, 382 patients were divided as Group A1, whereas 40 patients were noted as Group A2. Compared to Group B, hemoglobin, serum protein, albumin and serum IgG levels in group A were significantly lower, and the cholesterol and serum IgM levels were significantly higher (all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary protein, blood pressure and uric acid between group A and B. In terms of pathological manifestations, patients in Group A exhibited more severe histological lesions including glomerular sclerosis, S1, M1 and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration (all P＜0.05). Immunofluorescence showed that the proportion of IgG, C1q and Fg deposition in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (all P＜0.05). By Kaplan-Meier, cumulative renal survival rate has no significant difference between Group A and B (Log-rank test χ2=0.019, P=0.891). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that IgM deposition had no significant effect on the renal progression in IgAN patients. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in Group A2 exhibited higher urine protein, creatinine and blood pressure, and lower eGFR and serum albumin, also had worse histological lesions including M1, E1 and T1-2 of Oxford classification (all P＜0.05), Immunofluorescence showed that the proportion of IgG, C1q and Fg deposition in group A2 was significantly higher than that in group A1 (all P＜0.05). By Kaplan-Meier, renal survival rates calculated from outcomes were lower in Group A2 (Log-rank test χ2=18.207, P＜0.001). In addition, IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was a risk factor for renal progression of IgAN patients with IgM deposition by a univariate Cox hazards regression mode and multivariable-adjusted Cox models (HR=3.621, 95%CI 1.924-6.814, P＜0.001; HR=2.309, 95%CI 1.176-4.533, P=0.015 respectively). Conclusions The IgAN patients with IgM deposition relatively had more severe clinico-pathological changes, especially those with IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall. In this study, IgM deposition was not found to be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of kidney in IgAN patients. However, IgM deposited both in the mesangium and capillary wall was an independent risk factor for renal prognosis in IgAN patients with IgM deposition.     

Impact of gender on the clinicopathological features of patients with primary IgA nephropathy

Objective To explore the impact of gender on the clinicopathological features of patients with primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods All patients with IgAN who were biopsy-proven in The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2006 to December 2011 were divided into two groups by gender: male group and female group. The clinical manifestations and pathological features of two groups were retrospectively investigated and compared. Results A total of 1512 primary IgAN patients were enrolled in the study, and the ratio of male to female was 1∶1.16, with a median age of 32(26, 39) years old at biopsy. Compared to female patients, male patients with IgAN exhibited more severe clinical manifestations including worse renal function, greater urinary protein excretion, and more frequent occurrence of hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia. Besides, male patients had worse histological lesions, including more severe segmental sclerosis, tubular-atrophy/interstitial fibrosis and interstitial infiltration. For female patients, hematuria, including gross and microscopic hematuria, was more frequent. Conclusion Male patients with IgAN were with worse clinicopathological changes than those of female.     

IgA肾病简明半定量病理评分方法及其与预后的关系

目的 建立一个用于预测预后且相对简明的IgA肾病组织学半定量评分方法。方法回顾性分析北京大学第一医院肾内科确诊为原发性IgA肾病并有2年以上随访资料的患者155例,终点事件为进入不可逆的终末期肾衰竭（ESRD）。所有病理切片均经重新阅片,其中91例由一位病理医师分别两次阅片,56例由两位病理医师分别独立阅片评分,判断重复性。初始的8个病理指标指数：（1）内皮细胞增生（endoI）;（2）活动性新月体及节段性袢坏死（dGAI）;（3）系膜细胞增生（MsHI）;（4）系膜基质增多（MsMI）;（5）肾小球慢性病变（GCI）;（6）肾间质炎症细胞浸润（infl）;（7）肾小管萎缩和肾间质纤维化（TCI）;（8）小动脉慢性病变（VCI）。结果 肾穿时Scr为（112．18±83．13）μmol/L。25例患者（16．13%）在随访期内[（69．07±28．66）月,10～170个月]达到终点（ESRD）。对初始的8个病理指标进行多变量生存分析,选出以下3个与预后最相关的变量组成评分方法：dGAI、GCI和TCI。后两项之和组成慢性指数CI。在多因素生存分析中,dGAI和CI都与肾脏生存率呈正相关（RR分别为1．255和1．691,P＜0．05）,是影响预后的独立危险因素。根据患者的dGAI和CI进行分组．显示dGAI≥4且CI≥6者预后最差（P＜0．01）。对CKDⅠ、Ⅱ期患者的多种临床病理指标进行多因素生存分析,仅CI是影响预后的独立危险因素。评分法具有良好的重复性,kappa值均大于0．4。结论 由代表活动性病变的dGAI和代表慢性病变的CI组成的IgA肾病组织学半定量评分法能够有效地判断预后,且具有良好的重复性。