心肌声学造影指导下经皮间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

目的 :评价经皮间隔心肌消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的即刻和长期疗效。方法 :对于药物治疗效果差、心功能 (NYHA)Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、静息左室流出道压力阶差 (LVOTG)≥30mmHg或异丙肾激发试验LVOTG≥ 5 0mmHg 2 3例HOCM患者 ,施行心肌声学造影指导下的PTSMA术治疗。结果 :2 3例患者PTSMA术均获成功 ,无死亡病例。术后即刻心导管测LVOTG明显下降 ,由术前82 70± 2 5 .91mmHg降至 2 1.2 2± 2 1 95mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1)。术后对 19例病人进行了 3～ 18个月的随访 ,心功能NYHA分级由术前的 3.37± 0 .5 2降到 1.0 7± 0 .2 7(P <0 .0 0 1) ;超声心动图测LVOTG由术前的80 .0 9± 2 6 .5 8降到 2 6 5 5± 2 1 97mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1) ,室间隔厚度由术前的 2 3 86± 3 95mm减到 17 5 4±4 6 3mm(P <0 .0 1)。结论 :PTSMA术治疗HOCM患者的即刻和长期随访效果良好 ,创伤小 ,并发症少     

经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚性梗阻性心肌病临床分析

目的分析经皮腔内间隔心肌化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗药物难治的肥厚性梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)术中术后左室流出道压差(LVOTG)、心律失常、心肌酶谱的变化和机制。方法15例经心脏彩色多普勒诊断为HOCM的药物治疗无效的病人拟行PTSMA治疗,13例病人(男7例,女6例)接受了PTSMA治疗。无水酒精消融前后导管测量LVOTG,术后心电监护72小时,6-8小时检查一次心肌酶谱,术后一周复查心脏彩色多普勒。结果13例病人中,3例(23.1%)术后即刻LVOTG消失,6例(46.2%)术后即刻LVOTG<30mmHg,2例(15.4%)术后即刻LVOTG下降>50%,1例(7.7%)LVOTG下降<50%。手术前后平均静息LVOTG77.0±38.8mmHgVS21.4±16.3mmHg,P<0.001。CRBBB发生率为46.2%,消融第一间隔支者CRBBB发生率为57.1%,第二间隔支者为33.3%,前者CRBBB的发生率略高,但无显著差异(P=0.645);心肌酶谱CK-MB峰值与术后即刻LVOTG下降幅度无相关性(P>0.05)。结论PTSMA治疗HOCM病人近期疗效显著且并发症少,是一个很有前景的治疗手段。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病经皮间隔心肌消融术后疗效及一年随访结果

目的　观察经导管室间隔心肌化学消融 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM )的术后即刻和一年后随访结果。方法　分析 15例HOCM患者行PTSMA手术 ,平均随访时间为(9 9± 6 1)个月 ,随访期间患者均接受左室流出道有创压力阶差测定、心肌酶谱和心电图的检查。结果　术后即刻 ,静息时左心室流出道压力阶差 (LVOTG)由 (83 2± 17 1)mmHg (1mmHg =0 133kPa)下降至 (16 8± 8 9)mmHg ,早搏后从 (137 2± 2 4 5 )mmHg降至 (4 7 2± 16 6 )mmHg ;术后 1年LVOTG与术后即刻差异无显著性。 11例患者术中或术后出现一过性三度房室传导阻滞 (AVB) ,1例需安装永久性起搏器。 9例新发完全性右束支传导阻滞 ,均为持久性。PTSMA术后即刻体表心电图PR间期、QRS波宽、QT间期、QTc间期和QTd显著延长 ,PR间期和QTd增大在术后 1周内持续存在 ,3个月后恢复正常 ;QT间期和QTc间期在术后 1年恢复正常 ,而QRS波宽延长一直延续到术后 1年。结论　PTSMA手术能有效降低HOCM患者左室流出道压力阶差 ,但术中具有一定的危险性 ,需要引起足够的重视。PTSMA术后 1周心肌复极不一致 ,需监护注意室性心律失常的发生。1年后心电图随访结果表明PTSMA术不增加QT间期、QTd和QTc间期 ,提示PTSMA对中期心电学参数无明显影响。     

60例梗阻性肥厚型心肌病化学消融治疗近期及中期疗效观察

目的探讨经皮室间隔心肌消融术(PTSMA)治疗梗阻性肥厚型心肌病(HOCM)方法及疗效.方法回顾分析采用心脏超声声学造影(MCE)介导下行PTSMA治疗的60例HOCM患者术后近期及中期的随访资料.结果60例患者中54例术后左室流出道压差(静息和激发)较术前下降》50%,6例下降》30%但《50%,PTSMA成功率100%;术后随访2周～6年,平均2.5年,56例患者临床症状明显改善或消失,3例症状复发,1例术后1年死于扩张型心肌病并发心力衰竭.无一例需安装永久心脏起搏器.结论PTSMA治疗HOCM近期及中期疗效显著、安全.     

经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病两年疗效观察

目的　评价经皮经腔间隔心肌化学消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的中期疗效。方法　 1 998年 8月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 0月 1 1 9名HOCM患者入选行PTSMA ,其中 34例随访近 2(2± 0 5)年。在消融术前及术后半年 (5～ 7个月 )至 2年行超声心动图测量室间隔厚度及左室流出道宽度。结果　 34例术后 2年随访平均室间隔厚度 (1 6 1± 4 8)mm ,[术前 (2 3 9± 6 0 )mm ,术后半年(1 8 8± 4 1 )mm] ,平均左室流出道宽度 (1 5 1± 5 3)mm ,术前 [(6 6± 2 3)mm ,术后半年 (1 2 1± 3 3)mm]。结论　PTSMA能显著降低室间隔厚度 ,增加左室流出道的宽度 ,随着时间延长疗效逐渐增加。     

经皮经腔室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病近期疗效观察

目的:观察经皮经腔室间隔(IVS)化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的近期疗效。方法:利用 Sigwart法行 PTSMA治疗 HOCM25 例,术前后记录左室血流动力学变化、心电图变化;消融前及术后1个月通过超声心动图测量 IVS 厚度及左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)。结果:术后即刻,静息时LVOTG由(72.6±25.9)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)降至(21.8±7.4)mmHg,主动脉收缩压由(120.5±7.1)mmHg升至(140.8±8.2)mmHg,主动脉舒张压由(68.5±6.8)mmHg升至(79.3±7.5)mmHg,冠状动脉舒张期灌注压由(44.1±6.0)mmHg升至(55.7±7.3)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。超声心动图测量,术前IVS平均厚度为(23.2±3.7)mm,术后1 个月为(21.6±3.8)mm;术前 LVOTG为 (74.6±28.8)mmHg, 术后 1个月为(18.0±6.2)mmHg(均P<0.05)。术前心功能(NYHA分级)(3.1±0.4)级,术后 1 个月提高到(1.8±0.5)级。术后有永久性完全性右束支传导阻滞 5 例,完全性左束支传导阻滞 1 例。结论:PTSMA能显著降低LVOTG,提高冠状动脉灌注压,改善症状,治疗HOCM近期疗效可靠。     

经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗老年肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的临床分析

目的　探讨经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗老年肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)的可行性 ,安全性和近期效果。方法　对 6 0岁以上的 6例老年HOCM患者施行心肌声学造影指导下的经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗。结果　 6例患者的经皮室间隔心肌消融术均获成功 ,未出现严重的心脏并发症 ,术后即刻应用心导管测左室流出道压差由术前(10 4.33± 19.6 1)mmHg降至 (35± 2 5 .88)mmHg(P <0 .0 0 1)。术后对 6例患者进行了 1～ 18个月的随访 ,经超声心动图测左室流出道压差由术前 (91.83± 2 7.17)mmHg降至 (36 .0 8± 33.6 3)mmHg(P <0 .0 5 ) ,室间隔厚度由术前(2 1.83± 2 .79)mm降至 (16 .0 2± 3.86 )mm (P <0 .0 5 )。术后心功能由术前的 3.4± 0 .5级改善为 1.1± 0 .3级 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　经皮室间隔心肌消融术治疗老年HOCM患者的即刻和近期效果良好 ,并发症少 ,安全性高。     

经皮腔内室间隔消蚀治疗肥厚性梗阻性心肌病:25例病人即刻及3个月随访结果

该文报道了25例经皮腔内室间隔消蚀治疗(PTSMA)后即刻和随访3个月血流动力学的结果。 方法 25例肥厚性梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者,女性13例、男性12例,平均年龄(54.7±15.0)岁,平均病史(7.4±4.0)年。虽药物治疗,仍均有明显症状,心功能NYHA分级2.8±0.6。3例施行过心肌切除术、1例安装了DDD起搏器。     

利用多普勒超声对二尖瓣球囊扩张术后肺动脉高压预后的随访评价

目的评价经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术(PBMV)对二尖瓣狭窄合并肺动脉高压患者的近、中、远期疗效.方法对26例术前、术后、随访中均存在经超声证实的三尖瓣反流,同时合并肺动脉高压的二尖瓣狭窄患者,利用多普勒超声估测其肺动脉收缩压(PASP)值,并进行随访评价,随访时间1～10.6(平均3.5±1.5)年.结果26例患者PASP估测值由术前的65.66±19.50mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)降至术后即时的43.85±11.97mmHg,近、中、远期随访估测值分别为41.81±8.26mmHg、41.77±9.30mmHg和44.04±10.05mmHg,均较术前有显著下降,有非常显著性差异(P＜0.01),较术后即时值无明显差异(P＞0.05),但远期随访估测值较中期有显著意义的升高(P＜0.01).结论PBMV对二尖瓣狭窄合并肺动脉高压患者有较好的近、中期疗效,其远期疗效尚不确定,还有待进一步研究.     

经冠状动脉消融肥厚心肌和外科治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

目的　回顾性分析外科和经冠状动脉消融肥厚间隔心肌 (transcoronaryablationofseptalhypertrophy ,TASH)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (hypertrophicobstructivecardiomyopathy ,HOCM )近、中期 (3～ 2 4个月 )的疗效和安全性。方法　 54例HOCM患者在我院分别接受外科 (11例 )或TASH(43例 )治疗。治疗前、后评价患者的主观症状和客观检查系列结果。结果　外科和TASH后即刻左室流出道压力阶差 (PGLVOT)下降显著 [外科 (75± 48)mmHg(1mmHg =0 13 3kPa) ,TASH(56± 2 8)mmHg] ,但下降率差异无显著意义 (76 8%比 74 0 % ,P >0 0 5)。6例PGLVOT 反弹 ,TASH后 5例 ,出现在术后 3～ 6个月 ,外科后 1例 ,出现在术后 2 4个月。术后患者主观症状改善显著 ,但改善程度二组患者差别不显著。围术期死亡 2例 ,分别死于脑出血 (外科 )和严重心动过缓 (TASH ,拒绝安装起搏器 )。结论　TASH治疗HOCM的近、中期效果与外科相似 ,与外科相比 ,其并发症也是可以接受的 ,远期效果及安全性还有待观察     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.