慢性丙型病毒性肝炎患者相关自身抗体、血清HCV RNA水平及AST/ALT比值的关系探讨

目的对比分析丙型肝炎患者血清自身抗体、HCV RNA水平和AST/ALT比值,以进一步探讨丙型病毒性肝炎的发病机理。方法采用间接免疫荧光法测定抗核抗体（ANA）、抗平滑肌抗体（SMA）、抗线粒体抗体（AMA）和抗肝肾微粒体抗体（LKM）,采用核酸扩增（PCR）荧光定量技术检测标本HCV RNA含量,并同时检测肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）。结果HCV RNA阳性组和HCV RNA阴性组自身抗体检出率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05） 自身抗体阳性组和自身抗体阴性组中AST/ALT比值≥1检出率有显著性差异（P〈0.01） HCV RNA阳性组和HCVRNA阴性组AST/ALT比值≥1检出率有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论病毒的直接作用和自身免疫是HCV损伤机体的两个重要因素。     

丙型肝炎患者自身抗体检测的临床意义

目的探讨丙型肝炎患者血清中自身免疫性抗体的检出率与疾病的相关机理。方法对89例丙型肝炎患者血清和20例体检健康者血清进行抗核抗体(ANA)、ENA抗体、抗线粒体抗体(AMA)、抗平滑肌抗体(SMA)、抗肝膜抗体(LMA)、类风湿因子(RF)等自身抗体检测。结果①丙型肝炎伴ANA、ENA抗体等6种自身抗体阳性率高于正常对照组(P<0.05),其中RF的阳性检出率最高(30.34%)。②急性丙肝组患者阳性检出率为43.75%;慢性丙肝组阳性检出率36.99%,两组比较差异无显著性(χ2=0.25,P>0.05)。③单纯抗-HCV阳性的58例中自身抗体阳性者25例,检出率43.10%;HCV RNA阳性的31例中9例抗体阳性,检出率29.03%。结论HCV感染过程中机体普遍存在自身免疫现象,应引起重视。     

丙型肝炎75例血清自身抗体水平测定

目的:检测丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染患者血清中各种自身抗体指标,以探讨HCV患者体内自身免疫反应的情况。方法:应用免疫散射浊度法、间接免疫荧光法、电化学发光法对75例HCV感染者及40例健康体检者血清分别检测类风湿因子(RF)、抗核抗体(ANA)、抗甲状腺球蛋白及抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(抗TG/抗TPO)。结果:HCV感染者RF、ANA、抗TG和(或)抗TPO的阳性率均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05);HCV感染中,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)增高者其RF、ANA阳性率明显高于ALT正常者(P<0.05);HCV-RNA阳性者其RF、ANA阳性率明显高于HCV-RNA阴性者(P<0.05)。结论:HCV感染者存在自身免疫反应,且与病毒的复制有关,提示自身免疫反应是HCV感染后肝功能受损的病理机制之一。     

60例丙型肝炎病毒感染者血清自身抗体水平测定分析

目的了解丙型肝炎患者血清中自身抗体检测的检出率,探讨自身免疫在丙型肝炎病毒感染中的意义。方法采用间接免疫荧光法,对60例丙型肝炎病毒感染者血清进行抗核抗体(ANA)检测,应用聚合酶链反应定量检测血清HCV-RNA含量。结果 HCV感染者类风湿因子(RF)、ANA的阳性率均明显高于正常对照组(P<0.01);HCV感染中,丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)增高组其RF、ANA阳性率明显高于ALT正常组(P<0.0 5);HCV-RNA阳性组其RF、ANA阳性率明显高于HCV-RNA阴性组(P<0.05)。结论 HCV在机体感染过程中可诱导自身免疫反应,使体内产生多种自身抗体,其检出率与肝脏损伤程度和病毒的复制水平有关,自身抗体的检测对患者实施个体化治疗具有重要临床价值。     

ALT水平不能作为献血员HCV感染指标

目的　研究HCV感染情况与ALT水平的相关性 ,了解ALT作为HCV感染指标的可行性。方法　观察HCV阴性、阳性组献血员ALT阳性率 ,及HCV阳性组不同因素影响ALT结果 ,用SPSS软件处理数据。结果　ALT阳性率在不同HCV阴、阳性组无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,HCV阳性组ALT阳性率在不同性别组 ,年龄组无差异 (两组结果均P >0 0 5 ) ,在不同献血次数有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　献血次数可影响ALT水平 ,。性别、年龄对ALT无影响 ,HCV感染与ALT无相关性 ,ALT不能作为HCV感染窗口期献血员的排除     

慢性丙型肝炎病毒感染者血清自身抗体的检测及意义

目的 探讨慢性丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染者血清中自身抗体检测的临床意义.方法 对119例慢性HCV感染者及40例健康体检者的血清标本进行抗核抗体(ANA)、抗可提取性核抗原(ENA)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)检测,比较其阳性率,并分析自身抗体与年龄、性别、民族、肝功能指标及病毒复制的关系.结果 119例慢性HCV感染者中有64例检测出至少l项自身抗体,阳性率为53.8％,40例健康对照者中有3例检测出至少l项自身抗体,阳性率为7.5％,两组检出率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).HCV RNA阳性组中自身抗体检出率为64.6％,HCVRNA阴性组检出率为40.7％,两组检出率的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).自身抗体阳性组与阴性组的性别、民族比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),年龄≥40岁患者的构成比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).自身抗体阳性组丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、总胆红素均高于阴性组(P＜0.05).结论 HCV感染能诱导自身免疫反应,产生多种自身抗体,自身抗体的检出率与年龄和病毒复制有关,自身免疫可能是HCV感染后组织损伤的重要因素.HCV感染者有必要做自身抗体检测.     

维、汉族HCV抗体确认及与肝功能损害关系的探讨

目的:探讨HCV分段抗体是否存在民族差异及与肝功能损害间的关系。方法:采用HCV分段抗体确认试验对39例慢性丙型肝炎患者和19名健康者进行检测。结果:民族间慢性丙型肝炎患者HCV分段抗体血清模式的分布或构成无统计学显著性差异(调整前概率P=0.4392,调整后概率P=0.3631),以C/NS3/NS4/NS5分段抗体最多见,其次为C/NS3和C/NS3/NS4,尚可见单一的C(7.69％)和NS3(2.56％)型HCV分段抗体。各种血清检测模式间ALT和AST及ALT/AST比值呈现出统计学显著性差异(F=4.35,P=0.0024;F=2.72,P=0.0304;P=2.91,P=0.0233);C/NS3/NS4抗体段ALT水平较其它分段抗体和对照组明显升高(q检验,p),C/NS3/NS4抗体段AST水平较对照组的显升高(q=5.11,P<0.01),C/NS3/NS5抗体段ALT/AST比值明显低于对照组(q=5.45,P<0.01),而其它分段抗体和对照组各指标间均无统计学显著性差异(q检验,P>0.05)。结论:HCV分段抗体检测有助于HCV感染的确证,其分段抗体型别与肝功能损害间的相互关系有待于进一步研究。     

慢性HCV感染患者RNA、ALT、AST水平以及细胞因子之间的关系

目的：研究慢性HCV感染患者HCV RNA水平，ALT、AST以及外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）体外细胞因子分泌之间的关系。方法：体外培养慢性HCV感染患者PBMCs72小时后，ELISA检测培养上清细胞因子（IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF—α）含量，荧光定量PCR检测患者血清HCV RNA含量。结果：RNA阳性患者ALT、AST水平明显高于阴性患者，但阳性患者之间，ALT、AST水平无显著差异。不论RNA滴度高低，细胞因子分泌水平均无差异。相关性分析表明IFN-γ与ALT、AST有一定相关性（r=-0．8178，P=0．02；r=0．7517．P=0．04）。结论：血清HCV RNA水平与肝损伤有关，INF-γ在抗HCV免疫应答的同时可能对肝脏也造成了一定损伤。     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测乙肝病毒及其临床意义

目的 :研究HBVDNA含量与乙型肝炎血清学免疫标志物表达关系及HBVDNA含量与肝细胞损害关系。方法 :以完全闭管式的PCR和荧光探针技术相结合的实时检测定量PCR方法 ,对 110例病毒性肝炎患者血清HBVDNA进行检测。结果 :HBeAg阳性 /抗HBe阴性患者HBVDNA拷贝数与HBeAg阴性 /抗HBe阳性患者或HBeAg阴性 /抗HBe阴性患者的拷贝数比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而后二者比较差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;HBVDNA拷贝数与肝实质损害指标血清谷丙转氨酶 /谷草转氨酶 (ALT/AST)、总胆红素 (TBIL)、白蛋白 (ALB)、凝血酶原活动度 (PTA)不具相关性。结论 :抗e抗原抗体非病毒复制终止的标志、病毒性肝炎的肝实质损害程度与血清HBVDNA的含量无相关性。     

血液透析人群丙型肝炎病毒感染的多中心临床研究

目的:了解维持性血液透析(MHD)人群抗丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)抗体和HCV-RNA的阳性率,探讨其丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的发生率?危险因素?血清转氨酶水平的变化?方法:选择苏北3个血透中心维持性血液透析患者303例,采集患者病史?输血史?透析器复用史等临床资料,同时采集静脉血检测丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)?天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)?抗HCV抗体及HCV-RNA?结果:303例血液透析患者中,抗HCV阳性39例(12.9%),其中HCV-RNA阳性33例(84.6%)?抗HCV(+)组和抗HCV(-)组间性别?年龄无显著差异(P > 0.05),而抗HCV(+)组患者血液透析时间显著长于抗HCV(-)组[(4.18 ± 3.80)年 vs (2.75 ± 3.64)年,P = 0.023],输血发生率?透析器复用率也高于抗HCV(-)组(59.0% vs 38.3%,P = 0.014;28.2% vs 3.4%,P < 0.001)?尽管抗HCV(+)组患者转氨酶平均水平明显高于抗HCV(-)组患者,转氨酶异常的患者也较未感染者显著增加,但大部分患者(76.9%和79.5%)的转氨酶水平仍在正常范围内?结论:血液透析患者HCV感染的发生率明显高于普通人群;透析时间?输血史及透析器复用是血液透析患者HCV感染的危险因素;血透患者HCV感染的监测主要检测抗HCV抗体,必要时应进一步监测HCV-RNA;转氨酶水平不宜作为判断血透患者HCV感染的敏感指标?     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.