丙戊酸代谢相关CYP2C19基因多态性在癫痫患儿体内的分布及治疗个体化研究

目的：对癫痫患儿体内CYP2C19的基因多态性进行研究,并进行基因型与患儿体内丙戊酸血药浓度关系的研究,以对患儿进行治疗个体化。方法采用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性检测技术对2012‐12—2014‐03来我院及其他医院神经内科654例确诊为癫痫患儿的CYP2C19基因型进行检测,同时对仅服用丙戊酸进行抗癫痫治疗的228例患儿体内的丙戊酸稳态血药浓度进行检测,进而探求CYP2C19的基因型与血药浓度的相关性。结果 CYP2C19具有基因多态性,各基因型分布频率不同,其中*1／*1型为41.9％、*1／*2型为41.1％、*1／*3型为6.4％、*2／*2型为7.4％、*2／*3型为2.9％和*3／*3型为0.3％;同时入选组的228例患儿中快、中、慢代谢型所占的频率分别为40.8％、44.7％和13.5％;同时测得*1／*1型、*1／*2型、*1／*3型、*2／*2型、*2／*3型所对应的稳态血药浓度（m g／L ）分别为45±20、64±16、68±21、73±28、72±18;经统计分析发现,*2／*2型与*1／*1型血药浓度体质量剂量比值存在差异具有统计学意义（ P＜0.05）。结论癫痫患儿体内CYP2C19具有多态性,其分布规律与其他正常人群的分布规律基本一致,患儿服用丙戊酸时,其CYP2C19基因型与体内丙戊酸的血药浓度具有相关性。因此提醒我们,对癫痫患儿应用丙戊酸进行抗癫痫治疗时,可参考CYP2C19基因分型结果,预测血药浓度变化,对患儿进行个体化的治疗。     

河南地区汉族人群丙戊酸钠代谢相关基因CYP2C19的多态性分布调查分析

目的探讨河南地区丙戊酸钠代谢相关基因CYP2C19多态性的相关分布。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测技术对我院无亲缘关系的250例患者的基因型进行检测。结果 CYP2C19*1*1频率为46.0%、CYP2C19*1*2频率为38.4%、CYP2C19*1*3频率为6.0%、CYP2C19*2*2频率为6.4%、CYP2C19*2*3频率为2.8%、CYP2C19*3*3频率为0.4%。结论河南地区汉族人群CYP2C19多态性的相关分布与全国其他地区比较无显著性差异,临床医师在使用丙戊酸钠及苯妥英钠等药物进行抗癫治疗时可以参考相关基因检测结果。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对精神科药物疗效的影响

细胞色素氧化酶CYP2C19是一种重要的肝微粒体酶,在不同种族和人群存在基因多态性,这种基因多态性对精神科临床常用药物的代谢和疗效产生重要的影响,对指导临床用药具有现实意义.本文综合国内外文献对CYP2C19的基因多态性及其与精神疾病临床用药的关系进行介绍.     

CYP2C19基因多态性对氯吡格雷药效的影响

氯吡格雷一种广泛应用的抗血小板聚集药物,在缺血性脑血管病二级预防中起着重要的作用。然而,在临床实践中不断发现,不同的患者对氯吡格雷的反应性差异比较大,某些患者对氯吡格雷的反应性较低或无反应,称之为氯吡格雷低反应或氯吡格雷抵抗,氯吡格雷的低反应或抵抗在缺血性脑血管病复发中起到重要的作用。参与氯吡格雷反应下降的因素有很多,包括基因的多态性(如细胞色素P450、ABCB1及P2Y12基因多态性)、药物的互相作用(质子泵抑制剂、他汀类等)、患者的依从性、Ⅱ型糖尿病、慢性肾病等,但目前机制尚未完全清楚。而CYP2C19作为细胞色素P450(CYP450)家族中一类重要的亚型,在多种药物代谢中体现出其重要性。氯吡格雷作为一种常见的抗血小板药物,其代谢也受CYP2C19基因多态性的影响,不同基因型患者对氯吡格雷的治疗反应性不同。文中就CYP2C19的几个主要基因多态性位点对氯吡格雷代谢的影响作综述。     

CYP2A6基因多态性对丙戊酸钠血药浓度的影响

目的探讨细胞色素P4502A6(CYP2A6)基因多态性对丙戊酸钠血药浓度的影响。方法选择单药服用丙戊酸钠的癫患者98例,应用巢式PCR(nested-primerpolymerasechainreaction)方法分析其CYP2A6基因型,分析等位基因CYP2A6*1及CYP2A6*4;同时应用荧光偏振免疫法(FPIA)测定患者丙戊酸钠的血药浓度。结果98例患者中CYP2A6基因型为*1/*1者73例(74·5%),*1/*4者24例(24·5%),*4/*4者1例(1·0%),根据基因型分为A组(CYP2A6*1/*1)和B组(CYP2A6*1/*4或CYP2A6*4/*4)。B组患者丙戊酸钠的标准血药浓度平均值(4·1393±0·2793)较A组(3·3486±0·3919)高,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05)。结论CYP2A6基因多态性影响丙戊酸钠的血药浓度,含有CYP2A6*4等位基因的患者应用丙戊酸钠应较常规降低用量。     

CYP2C19基因多态性对AIS患者血管内支架治疗预后的影响

目的 探讨CYP2C19基因多态性对急性缺血性脑卒中(AIS)患者血管内支架治疗预后的影响。方法 选取2019年1月至2022年1月海南医学院第一附属医院收治的AIS患者140例,根据治疗预后分为预后不良组和预后良好组。检测AIS患者CYP2C19基因型,分析CYP2C19基因多态性与AIS患者预后的相关性。结果 140例AIS患者出院后随访6个月后预后不良36例(25.71%),发生心脑血管不良事件20例(14.29%)。CYP2C19基因型包括快代谢型(EM) 66例,中代谢型(IM) 59例,慢代谢型(PM) 15例,CYP2C19功能基因突变74例(52.86%)。预后不良组患者脑梗死体积大于预后良好组,入院NIHSS评分高于预后良好组(P<0.05);预后不良组CYP2C19基因突变率也显著高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,脑梗死体积、入院NIHSS评分、CYP2C19基因突变是AIS患者预后不良的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 AIS患者CYP2C19基因多态性与临床预后密切相关,CYP2C19基因突变是导致预后不良的重要因...     

CYP2C19基因多态性与奥氮平所致药物性肝损伤的关联性研究

目的:研究细胞色素酶CYP2C19基因多态性与奥氮平所致药物性肝损伤(DILI)间的关联性。方法:对127例单一服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者的CYP2C19位点rs4244285、rs4986893、rs12248560进行基因分型检测,分析比较服药后出现药物性肝损伤(DILI)患者(DILI组)与未出现DILI患者(非DILI组)3个SNPs等位基因及基因型频率差异。结果:两组间3个等位基因和基因型频率、各代谢类型频率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),在3位点基因类型比较中,DILI组*1/*3基因频率低于非DILI组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.034)。结论:CYP2C19基因多态性与奥氮平所致DILI易感性可能有关,CYP2C19中*1/*3基因型可能是奥氮平所致DILI的保护性因素。     

CYP2C19基因多态性与椎动脉支架植入后再狭窄的相关性研究

目的 探讨CYP2C19基因多态性与椎动脉支架植入后再狭窄的相关性。方法 选取2020年10月-2022年10月本院收治的56例行椎动脉支架植入患者,根据术后6个月是否发生支架内再狭窄(In-stent restenosis, ISR)分为狭窄组和未狭窄组;检测患者口腔黏膜细胞CYP2C19基因分型,将CYP2C19功能缺失等位基因(LoFA)携带者定义LoFA携带者,为中代谢、慢代谢型;LoFA非携带者为超快代谢、快代谢型;分析椎动脉支架植入患者发生ISR的危险因素。结果 56例患者CYP2C19基因分型为LoFA非携带者30例(超快代谢型0例、快代谢型30例),LoFA携带者26例(中代谢型18例、慢代谢型8例),LoFA携带率46.4%;术后6个月随访发生ISR患者17例,再狭窄率为30.4%;CYP2C19基因快代谢型患者ISR发生率为16.7%(5/30)、中代谢型患者ISR发生率为38.9%(7/18)、慢代谢型患者ISR发生率为62.5%(5/8);狭窄组中舒张压、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low density lipo...     

CYP2C9多态性在癫痫患儿丙戊酸相关性脂质代谢中的作用

目的 研究CYP2C9多态性对长期服用丙戊酸钠（Valproic acid,VPA）癫痫患儿的相关血脂代谢和VPA血药浓度的影响。方法 收集莆田学院附属医院医疗集团莆田市妇幼保健院2018年6月—2021年3月健康查体的健康儿童和癫痫患儿的病例信息,最后纳入的92名对照组与92例癫痫组治疗前后的血清血脂浓度进行比较。检测癫痫患儿的CYP2C9基因的多态性,分型后比较血脂及VPA血药浓度。结果 (1)对照组与癫痫组治疗前脂质无统计学差异（P>0.05）;(2)癫痫组VPA治疗后的总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白与对照组存在统计学差异（P<0.05）,在甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白与治疗前存在统计学差异（P<0.05）;(3) VPA血药浓度与血脂间的无相关性（P>0.05）,CYP2C9野生型的VPA血药浓度、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白（P<0.05）。结论 CYP2C9基因多态性、长期服用VPA...     

The Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and CYP2C 19 on Phenytoin Metabolism in Japanese Adult Patients with Epilepsy: Studies in Stereoselective Hydroxylation and Population Pharmacokinetics

Summary: Purpose : The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 and 2C19 on the metabolism of phenytoin (PHT). In addition, a population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed.
Methods: The genotype of CYP2C9 (Arg¹⁴⁴/Cys, Ile³⁵⁹/Leu) and CYP2C19 (*1, *2 or *3) in 134 Japanese adult patients with epilepsy treated with PHT were determined, and their serum concentrations of 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (p-HPPH) enantiomers, being major metabolites of PHT, were measured. A population pharmacokinetic analysis (NONMEM analysis) was performed to evaluate whether genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9/19 affects the clinical use of PHT by using the 336 dose-serum concentration data.
Results: The mean maximal elimination rate (Vmax) was 42% lower in the heterozygote for Leu359 allele in CYP2C9, and the mean Michaelis-Menten constants (K,) in the heterozygous extensive metabolizers and the poor metabolizers of CYP2C19 were 22 and 54%, respectively, higher than those without the mutations in CYP2C9/19 genes. (R)- and (5')- p -HPPHPHT ratios were lower in patients with mutations in CYP2C9 or CYP2C19 gene than those in patients without mutations.
Conclusions: Although the hydroxylation capacity of PHT was impaired with mutations of CYP2C9/19, the impairment was greater for CYP2C9. In view of the clinical use of PHT, two important conclusions were derived from this population study. First, the serum PHT concentration in patients with the Leu359 allele in CYP2C9 would increase dramatically even at lower daily doses. Second, the patients with CYP2C19 mutations should be treated carefully at higher daily doses of PHT.     

CYP2C19基因型与复发性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷抵抗的关系研究

目的通过CYP2C19基因检测及血小板聚集率综合评估氯吡格雷抵抗,指导复发性脑梗死患者合理用药。方法对2018年1-10月就诊于嘉兴市第二医院神经内科,诊断为复发性脑梗死的患者进行CYP2C19基因测序,分别收集氯吡格雷快代谢、中代谢、慢代谢基因型患者各30例,比较3组患者年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟、高血压、糖尿病及高脂血症等一般临床资料。3组均给予常规剂量氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗,检测患者使用氯吡格雷前及使用7 d后的血小板聚集率。根据血小板聚集抑制率判断氯吡格雷抵抗情况,分析CYP2C19基因型与患者氯吡格雷抵抗的关系。筛选出氯吡格雷抵抗者(血小板聚集抑制率10%)分至氯吡格雷抵抗组,改用西洛他唑100 mg 2次/日,氯吡格雷半反应(10%≤血小板聚集抑制率30%)及氯吡格雷敏感(血小板聚集抑制率≥30%)者分至非氯吡格雷抵抗组,继续氯吡格雷75 mg/d治疗。3个月后再次检测血小板聚集率,比较不同药物的血小板聚集抑制情况,并观察终点事件发生情况(主要终点:再发脑梗死;次要终点:脑出血和死亡)。结果最终入组患者90例,其中男性49例(54.4%),年龄40～89岁,平均年龄68.27±10.14岁。快、中、慢代谢3组糖尿病(P=0.036)和氯吡格雷抵抗发生率(P0.001)差异均有统计学意义,其中慢代谢组合并糖尿病比率高于中代谢组(P=0.010),慢代谢组氯吡格雷抵抗发生率高于快代谢组(P0.001)及中代谢组(P=0.006)。氯吡格雷抵抗组患者22例(24.4%),非氯吡格雷抵抗组患者68例(75.6%)。Logistic回归分析提示,吸烟(OR 7.792,95%CI 1.899～31.968,P=0.004)、糖尿病(OR 4.466,95%CI 1.122～17.778,P=0.034)及CYP2C19基因慢代谢(OR 13.713,95%CI 2.352～79.959,P=0.004)是复发性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷抵抗的独立危险因素。非氯吡格雷抵抗组(49.51%±4.33%vs 63.73%±7.84%,P0.001)和氯吡格雷抵抗组(55.42%±6.63%vs 76.95%±7.42%,P0.001)患者3个月后的血小板平均聚集率较7 d时均下降,差异有统计学意义。3个月后较非氯吡格雷抵抗组,氯吡格雷抵抗组血小板聚集抑制率更高(21.53%±4.30%vs 14.23%±6.90%,P0.001)。入组患者随访3个月均无终点事件发生。结论吸烟、合并糖尿病及CYP2C19慢代谢基因型是复发性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷抵抗的独立危险因素。西洛他唑能有效抑制血小板聚集,可以作为氯吡格雷抵抗的复发性脑梗死患者的替代性用药。     

苯妥英钠代谢相关基因CYP2C19基因多态性在郑州地区人群中的分布研究

目的 探讨郑州地区苯妥英钠代谢相关基因CYP2C19多态性的相关分布.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性检测技术对我院无亲缘关系的300名患者的基因型进行检测.结果 CYP2C19＊1/＊1频率为46.7%,CYP2C19＊1/＊2频率为38.0%,CYP2C19＊1/＊3频率为5.3%,CYP2C19＊2/＊2频率为6.3%,CYP2C19＊2/＊3频率为3.0%,CYP2C19＊3/＊3频率为0.7%.结论 郑州地区人群CYP2C19多态性的相关分布与全国其他地区无显著性差异,临床医师在使用苯妥英钠及丙戊酸钠等药物进行抗癫（癎）治疗时应参考相关基因检测结果.     

CYP2C19基因多态性与急性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷疗效的相关性研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者CYP2C19基因多态性与氯吡格雷疗效的相关性。方法采用限制性片段长度多态性PCR法对171例急性脑梗死患者进行CYP2C19基因多态性检测。所有患者给予氯吡格雷治疗2周。分别于治疗前及治疗后第1 d、第5 d进行血小板聚集率检测,于治疗前及治疗后第1周、第2周进行NIHSS和日常生活活动能力评价(ADL)评分。计算血小板聚集抑制率并进行分析。结果本组171例患者中野生型纯合子(A组)79例,均为CYP2C19*1/*1;野生型基因与突变基因杂合子(B组)71例,包括55例CYP2C19*1/*2及16例CYP2C19*1/*3;突变基因纯合子或杂合子(C组)21例,包括11例CYP2C19*2/*2、9例CYP2C19*3/*3及1例CYP2C19*2/*3。治疗后第1 d及第5 d时,3组间血小板聚集抑制率的比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。与治疗前比较,3组治疗后第1周、第2周NIHSS评分均显著降低,ADL评分均显著升高(均P0.05)。与A组比较,B组及C组治疗后第1周、第2周NIHSS评分均明显升高,ADL评分均明显降低(均P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟(OR=1.584,95%CI:1.079~2.136,P=0.004)及CYP2C19基因多态性(OR=1.837,95%CI:1.106~2.540,P=0.002)均与急性脑梗死患者血小板聚集抑制率独立相关。结论 CYP2C19基因多态性可影响急性脑梗死患者氯吡格雷治疗的疗效。     

Utility and adoption of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotyping and its translation into psychiatric clinical practice

Jürgens G, Jacobsen CB, Rasmussen HB, Werge T, Nordentoft M, Andersen SE. Utility and adoption of CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotyping and its translation into psychiatric clinical practice. Objective: To describe clinical utility and adoption of routinely offered CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotyping (CYP test) in daily clinical practice of a psychiatric centre. Method: We described psychiatrists translations of CYP test results in patients with genotypes indicating poor or ultrarapid metabolizer status and treated with at least one CYP‐dependent drug based on a retrospective review of medical records. Complementary, we used ethnographic participant observation and qualitative interviews to identify the barriers and incentives for the use of CYP test results. Results: The cohort study included 101 of 1932 cases genotyped between 2003 and 2009. In 53 of 101 cases, test results were addressed in medical records. The most frequent response was to monitor drug concentrations (23 cases), observe for adverse events (18 cases) and adjust dosage (13 cases). In 33 of 101 cases, results were mentioned in the discharge letter. The ethnographic study indicated a poor adoption of the CYP test in clinical praxis. Test results were lost in workflows and knowledge transfer between laboratory and clinician and were absent from clinical routines, treatment conferences and educational fora. Conclusion: The CYP test has not gained foothold in clinical practice, and its potential clinical benefits are not utilized.     

丹参多酚酸联合双联抗血小板聚集药物对CYP2C19基因变异的颅内外动脉支架成形术后患者的影响

目的 探讨丹参多酚酸联合双联抗血小板聚集药物对CYP2C19基因变异的颅内外动脉支架成形术后患者的影响。方法 研究对象选取于本院2015年7月-2018年3月进行颅内外动脉支架成形术合并CYP2C19基因变异患者102例,使用随机数字表法分为双联组(51例)及联合组(51例),双联组仅给予双联抗血小板聚集药物,联合组在其治疗基础上给予丹参多酚酸针剂,比较2组治疗前后氧化应激反应、血管内皮功能、血小板功能及治疗后不良事件发生率。结果 治疗前2组丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、血小板活化标志物(CD62p、 CD63)水平无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后联合组MDA、ET-1、CD62p及CD63水平显著低于双联组; SOD、NO水平显著高于双联组; 联合组不良事件发生率显著低于双联组(P<0.05)。结论 丹参多酚酸联合双联抗血小板聚集药物能有效降低CYP2C19基因变异的颅内外动脉支架成形术后患者氧化应激反应,改善其血管内皮功能及血小板功能,减少不良事件发生率。     

Changes at the CYP2C locus and disruption of CYP2C8/9 linkage disequilibrium in patients with essential tremor

To identify low-penetrance genes related to sporadic essential tremor (ET) at the CYP2Clocus, located in chromosome 10 q23.33. Leukocytary DNA from 200 ET patients and a control group of 300 unrelated healthy individuals with known CYP2C19 genotypes was studied for common CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 allelic variants by using amplification-restriction analyses. Patients with ET showed the following differences compared with healthy subjects: a 1.6-fold reduction in the frequency for CYP2C8*3 (p=0.006), a 1.35-fold reduction of CYP2C9*2 (p=0.05) and a 1.52-fold reduction in the frequency for CYP2C9*3 (p=0.07). The frequency for patients with ET carrying at least one defective allele was 1.33-fold reduced as compared with healthy subjects (p=0.002). In addition, a disruption of the CYP2C8*3/CYP2C9*2 linkage disequilibrium was observed in ET patients, with a 2.1-fold reduction in the percentage for carriers of the haplotype CYP2C8*3 plus CYP2C9*2 in ET patients (p=0.0001). These findings were independent of gender, age, age of onset, or clinical symptoms. These results suggest that alterations at the CYP2C gene locus are associated with the risk for ET.     

A candidate gene study of antiepileptic drug tolerability and efficacy identifies an association of CYP2C9 variants with phenytoin toxicity

Background and purpose: It is widely acknowledged that individual response to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is influenced by genetic factors. However, most of the underlying genes and genetic variants remain unidentified to date. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of common variants in a number of candidate genes in the response to commonly prescribed AEDs. Methods: We recruited 495 patients with epilepsy. Patients were classified according to their response to several AEDs. We genotyped 104 polymorphisms in 17 candidate genes for AED response. We looked for statistically significant associations between these polymorphisms and well‐defined AED response phenotypes. Results: We identified significant associations of CYP2C9 variant alleles with presence of phenytoin (PHT) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and of GSTM1 copy number variation with the presence of carbamazepine ADRs. The latter association could not be confirmed in a replication study. Conclusions: Our study is the first comprehensive candidate gene association study in epilepsy pharmacogenetics. Our results confirm the role of CYP2C9 variants in PHT toxicity. No other definite associations were identified. Large‐scale efforts are needed to unravel the genetic determinants of AED response.