应用超声生物显微镜观察白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变

目的 应用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscopy UBM)量化观察具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者在行了白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术后前房容积的改变,旨在探讨白内障手术对前房容积的影响,对手术时机的选择提供安全有效的临床依据.方法 选取具有浅前房、窄房角结构和正常前房深度、宽房角结构的白内障患者作为对照组,每组患者各40例(40只眼),均采用透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化后房型人工晶状体植入术,于术前和术后1个月用UBM观测前房深度(ACD)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、房角开放距离(AOD250、AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(TCPD)、虹膜睫状体距离(ICPD)、虹膜晶状体接触距离(ILCD)和前房角隐窝面积(ARA),同时记录眼压的变化和各级房角的人数构成比,对结果进行比较分析.结果 全部患者术后除ILCD值比术前明显减小以外,其余各项值ACD、TIA、AOD250、AOD500、TCPD、ICPD、ARA均较术前明显增加,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.001).术后眼压平均下降(3.77143±1.84368)mmHg,较术前差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).对宽房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,各测量值均较术前明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压平均下降(2.49714±1.05482)mmHg,较术前明显下降(P<0.001).对窄房角组患者进行手术前后的比较,术后各测量值比术前大大增加,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.001),术后眼压较术前明显降低,平均下降(5.04571±1.56287)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001 ).分别对窄房角组和宽房角组患者进行术前结构的比较和术后结构的比较,除ICPD值外,其余各值二组间均存在显著性差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).将二组患者手术前后的变化程度进行比较,窄房角组ACD、AOD250、AOD500、TIA、ARA值的变化程度显著大于宽房角组,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).手术前后的房角构成差异有统计学意义(P <0.001),术后宽角显著增多.结论 白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶体植入术后,前房加深,房角增宽,前房容积显著增加,眼压也有一定程度的下降.具有浅前房、窄房角结构的白内障患者,手术前、后的变化程度更为显著.UBM可以明确有无晶体因素引起的瞳孔阻滞,当发现此情况时,可以将白内障手术时机提早,使具有窄房角解剖因素的白内障患者避免因晶体膨胀、瞳孔阻滞而引起的青光眼的发生,在一定程度上起到预防的作用.

Abstract：

Objective To study and analyze the changes of anterior chamber cubage of senile cataract patients before and after the surgery of phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with ultrasound biomicroscopy quantitatively, to explore the influence of anterior chamber angle and anterior chamber cubage caused by senile cataract, and to provide safe and effective basis of cataract surgery options.Methods Small-incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation start from transparent cornea were performed in 80 eyes of 80 senior patients whom were divided into two groups: one group with normal anterior chamber structure, another group of shallow anterior chamber and narrow anterior chamber angle, measured numerical values of ACD (anterior chamber distance), AOD250 (angle-opening distance at 250μ m from the scleral spur)and AOD500 (angle-opening distance at 500μ m from the scleral spur), TIA500 (trabecular iris angle at 500μ m from the scleral spur), Trabecular ciliary processes distance (TCPD), iris ciliary body distance (ICPD),iris lens contact distance (ILCD) and angle recess area (ARA).At the same time, the intraocular pressures were also recorded.The number of people at all levels of composition ratio of angle and intraocular pressure by using ultrasound biomicroscopy before operation and one month later to analysis.Results In all patients, the measurements of ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD, ICPD, and ARA were increased significantly after the operation except for ILCD after the operation.The intraocular pressure was also reduced to some extent after the operation.There were significant differences between two groups in ACD, AOD250, AOD500, TIA, TCPD,ICPD, and ARA except for ICPD before and after the surgery.The measurements and the intraocular pressure change more in the group of shallow anterior chamber caused by senile cataract.To compare the extent of change in two groups, the degree of change in group with narrow anterior chamber angle was significantly greater than in normal eyes group.The composition of angle had statistically significant difference pre-operation and post-operation (P<0.001), and wide-angle increased significantly after surgery.Conclusions Small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery deepens the anterior chamber, widens anterior chamber angle and increases anterior chamber cubage significantly compared with the preoperative patients,and it also reduces intraocular pressure to some extent after the operation.The added value of anterior chamber cubage is more prominent in the patients with narrow anterior chamber and shallow anterior chamber angle.Ultrasound biomicroscopy can confirm the situation of crystal-induced pupillary block.The study indicates that small incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation surgery in an early stage of senile cataract with anatomical factors of narrow angle can be effective in reducing intraocular pressure, preventing the occurrence of glaucoma caused by crystal expansion and pupillary block, which plays a role in the prevention and treatment in a certain extent.     

正常眼压性青光眼患者白内障术后房角参数的变化

目的利用眼前节光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)观察正常眼压性青光眼(normal tension glaucoma,NTG)患者白内障手术后前房角形态和眼压的变化。方法共有106例患者纳入本研究,其中单纯年龄相关性白内障患者67例67眼为对照组、NTG合并白内障患者43例43眼为观察组。2组患者均行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术治疗。在术前和术后1个月、6个月测量眼压、前节OCT检查房角,自动计算四个象限(颞侧、鼻侧、上方和下方)的中央前房深度(anterior chamber depth,ACD)、前房宽度(anterior chamber width,ACW)、房角开放距离(angle open distance,AOD)、小梁虹膜空间面积(trabecular iris area,TISA)、房角隐窝面积(angle recess area,ARA)。比较手术前后两组患者眼压、房角参数的变化。结果观察组术前眼压为(13.2±2.9)mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),术后1个月、6个月眼压分别为(10.5±3.0)...     

白内障超声乳化摘出术后OCT测量的眼前节结构改变

目前,白内障是世界上主要的致盲眼病,其次是青光眼.年龄相关性白内障未成熟期晶状体膨胀,构成闭角性青光眼发生的危险因素,及早进行白内障超声乳化摘出术是解决该危险因素的最佳手段.选择何时进行手术以及预后效果成为困扰临床医师的问题.本研究纳入17篇应用眼前节OCT(AS-OCT)分别对白内障超声乳化摘出术前后眼前节生物测量不同参数进行定量分析的文献,就白内障超声乳化摘出术对眼前节结构的影响进行综合评价.全部文献累计866患眼;随访时间为术后6个月.术后前房深度(ACD)、前房容积(ACV)、前房角度(ACA)、巩膜突起500 μm房角开放距离(AOD500)、AOD750、巩膜突起500 μm小梁与虹膜接触面积(TISA500)、TISA750、巩膜突起750μm房角隐窝面积(ARA750)均较术前不同程度升高,术后前房宽度(ACW)、巩膜突起750.μm处的虹膜厚度(IT750)均无明显变化,术后虹膜弯曲度(I-Curv)、虹膜横断面面积、虹膜突面积较术前降低.术前LT与术后ACD及术后TISA500均呈高度正相关.术前晶状体拱高(LV)与术后3个月ACD及术后3个月AOD500均呈正相关.综合文献证实,白内障超声乳化摘出术可解除瞳孔阻滞,减小虹膜压迫,使得前房加深和房角增宽.白内障超声乳化摘出联合人工晶状体植入术可用于青光眼的治疗,值得进一步推广.     

CASIA SS-1000眼前节OCT对初发期和膨胀期皮质性白内障患者晶状体厚度及前房结构测量的比较

背景 随着病情发展,皮质性白内障患眼的晶状体厚度及前房结构将发生变化,可能对眼部结构及功能产生重要影响,需要一种可直接测量晶状体前后表面及房角结构的检查方法,以量化不同分期白内障的上述指标变化. 目的 采用CASIA SS-1000眼前节光相干断层扫描(AS-OCT)测量并比较初发期和膨胀期白内障患者晶状体厚度及房角相关指标. 方法 采用观察性研究设计.连续纳入2015年10月16-30日于陆军军医大学大坪医院眼科门诊就诊的初发期和膨胀期皮质性白内障患者50例87眼,其中男21例,女29例;初发期白内障患者28例44眼,平均年龄(56.46±12.90)岁,膨胀期白内障患者22例43眼,平均年龄(70.95±8.81)岁.利用CASIA SS-1000 AS-OCT测量患眼晶状体厚度、房角开放距离(AOD)、前房角隐窝面积(ARA)、小梁网虹膜间面积(TISA)、小梁网虹膜角(TIA)及前房深度(ACD),比较2个组患眼相关指标的差异.结果 初发期白内障晶状体平均厚度为(4.438±0.487)mm,膨胀期白内障晶状体厚度平均为(5.094±0.451) mm,膨胀期白内障患眼晶状体明显增厚,平均增加(0.656±0.101) mm,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.513,P=0.000);初发期白内障患眼ACD平均为(2.966±0.326)mm,膨胀期患眼ACD平均为(2.534±0.376) mm,随着白内障发展,ACD平均减少(0.432±0.075)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=5.730,P=0.000).在房角相关测量指标中,膨胀期白内障患眼AOD500、AOD750、ARA500、ARA750、TISA500、TISA750、TIA500和TIA750明显低于初发期白内障患眼,差异均有统计学意义(均P=0.000).结论 膨胀期白内障患者晶状体厚度明显增加,前房变浅,房角明显变窄.CASIA SS-1000 AS-OCT测量房角扫描时间短,清晰度高,具有很好的临床应用前景.     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼周边虹膜切除和滤过性手术前后眼前段结构参数对比分析

目的 观察原发性急性闭角型青光眼(acute primary angle closure glaucoma,APACG)周边虹膜切除(peripheral iridectomy,PI)和小梁切除术(Trabeculectomy,Trab)手术前后眼前段结构参数的改变.方法 临床病例对照研究.对2009年6～12月在中山大学眼科中心连续性收集57例57只眼APACG患者,周边虹膜粘连(peripheral anterior synechiae,PAS)范围≤6个钟点者行PI术,PAS范围＞6个钟点者行小梁切除术,术前及术后3月行眼前段光学相干断层扫描仪(anterior segment optical coherence tomograph,AS-OCT)眼前段扫描.比较两组组内及组间术前及术后的中央前房深度(central anterior chamber depth,ACD)、房角开放距离(angle opening distarce,AOD)、小梁网虹膜间面积(Trabecular iris area,TISA)、房角隐窝面积(angle recess area,ARA)、前房宽度(anterior chamber width,ACW)、前房容积(anterior chamber volume,ACV)和晶状体矢高(crystalline lens rise,CLR).结果 两组间的平均年龄(t=-0.176,P=0.862)和性别(P=0.390)之间无统计学差异.术前及术后周边虹膜切除术组的TISA和ARA均明显大于小梁切除术组(P=0.013～0.049).周边虹膜切除术组术后AOD、TISA、ARA及ACV较术前明显增加(P＜0.001～0.044),ACD、ACW及CLR手术前后无明显变化(P=0.102～0.609).小梁切除术组术后除ACV较术前的增加有统计学意义外(P＜0.001),余参数手术前后无变化(P=0.056～0.585).结论 周边虹膜切除术和小梁切除术均可增加APACG眼的ACV,但ACD和CLR无明显改变.周边虹膜切除术术后APACG眼房角参数改善,但小梁切除术对房角参数的改变无明显影响.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the changes in antenor segment configuration after peripheral iridectomy (PD or trabeculectomy (Trab) in acute primary angle closure glaucoma (APACG). Methods FiRy-seven eyes of 57 patients with APACG were successive collected. PI was performed to those patients with the clock hours of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) 6, while Trab was performed to those patients with the clock hours of PAS >6. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) examination was performed before and 3 months after PI/Trab to compare central anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular iris area (TISA), angle recess area (ARA), anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior chamber volume (ACV) and crystalline lens rise (CLR). Results There were no differences in mean age (P 0.862) and male/female ratio (P=0.380) between the 2 groups. After surgery, AOD, TISA, ARA, ACA and ACV increased significantly (P ＜0.001～0.044), while no changes were found in ACD, ACW and CLR (P=0.102～0.609) in PI group. In Trab group, ACV increased significantly postoperation (P ＜0.001) while other parameters shown no changes. Conclusions Both surgery of PI and Trab can increase ACV; PI can improve the anterior angle parameters in APACG, but Trab surgery shows no changes of those parameters.     

原发性急性闭角型青光眼周边虹膜切除术前后眼前段相干光断层扫描参数的对比研究

目的 观察原发性急性闭角型青光眼(PAACG)周边虹膜切除(SPI)术前后的眼前段相干光断层扫描(AS-OCT)参数改变.方法 自身对照研究.连续性收集37例(37只眼)周边虹膜前粘连不超过5个钟点的PAACG发作期患者临床资料,进行回顾性自身对照研究.所有患者均于SPI术前及术后1个月行AS-OCT检查,检查项目包括中央前房深度、前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积、前房角隐窝面积、前房宽度、前房容积及晶状体矢高.手术后与手术前检测参数比较,服从正态分布的采用配对t检验,不服从正态分布的采用配对秩和检验.结果 37例(37只眼)PAACG患者SPI手术前的AS-OCT检测参数:距巩膜突750 μm处,前房角开放距离(0.088 +0.078)μm、小梁网与虹膜间面积(0.050 +0.048)mm2、前房角隐窝面积(0.059±0.057) mm2、前房面积( 12.332±2.457) mm2、前房容积(73.131±16.976) mm3;SPI术后AS-OCT检测参数:距巩膜突750μm处,前房角开放距离(0.125±0.072) μm、小梁网与虹膜间面积(0.091±0.041 )mm2、前房角隐窝面积(0.095±0.042) mm2、前房面积(14.230 +2.000) mm2、前房容积(90.074±16.796 )mm3;SPI术后上述检测参数均高于术前,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.015～1.066,P=0.001 ～0.044).但中央前房深度、前房宽度及晶状体矢高与术前相比无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(t=- 1.505 ～0.516,P=0.102～0.609).结论 PAACG患者SPI术后可以解除瞳孔阻滞,使前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积、前房角隐窝面积增宽,前房面积和容积增加,但前房深度和晶状体矢高不变.     

原发性闭角型青光眼患者一级亲属眼前节结构特点

目的：研究原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)患者一级亲属的眼前节结构特点。方法：选择2020-09/2022-10于南昌大学附属眼科医院就诊的40-60岁PACG一级亲属48例48眼作为观察组,同时纳入同年龄段、无青光眼及青光眼家族史的健康体检者40例40眼为对照组,按年龄分为低龄组(40-49岁)和高龄组(50-60岁)。所有研究对象均行超声生物显微镜(UBM)检查,使用camera measure测量软件进行测量,主要测量指标包括前房深度(ACD)、前房面积(ACA)、前房宽度(ACW)、眼前节深度(ASD)、房角开放距离(AOD500)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、小梁虹膜间面积(TISA500)、晶状体拱高(LV)、虹膜曲率(IC)、虹膜厚度(IT500)、巩膜睫状突夹角(SCPA)及虹膜睫状突距离(ICPD)。比较两组各指标。结果：观察组ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA均比对照组小,LV、IC均比对照组大(均P&#x003C;0.05)。高龄观察组ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA明显小于同龄对照组,LV、IC大于同龄对照组(均P&#x003C;0.05); 低龄观察组ACD、AOD500、TISA500、TIA明显小于同龄对照组,LV、IC显著大于同龄对照组(均P&#x003C;0.05)。高龄观察组的ACD、ACA、AOD500、TISA500、TIA均显著小于低龄观察组,LV、IC显著大于低龄观察组(均P&#x003C;0.05)。观察组与对照组ACD分布有差异(P&#x003C;0.05),其中中重度浅前房的占比约为对照组的10倍。相关性分析表明,TISA500与ACD、ACA呈正相关,与LV、IC呈负相关,TISA500主要受LV影响。IC与LV呈正相关,与ACD、ACA呈负相关。结论：正常眼轴的PACG一级亲属存在房角关闭的高风险性。PACG一级亲属的眼前节结构较正常人拥挤,晶状体前移可能是导致房角狭窄的始动影响因素。     

Comparison of ultrasound biomicroscopy and spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography in evaluation of anterior segment after laser peripheral iridotomy

AIM: To quantitatively assess narrow anterior chamber angle using spectral-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), and to evaluate the correlations and consistency between SD-AS-OCT and UBM. METHODS: Fifty-five eyes from 40 patients were examined. Patients were diagnosed with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) remission (11 eyes from 8 patients), primary angle closure (PAC, 20 eyes from 20 patients) and PAC suspect (24 eyes from 12 patients). Each eye was examined by SD-AS-OCT and UBM after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI). The measurements of SD-AS-OCT were angle open distance (AOD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular iris angle (TIA), and trabecular iris space area (TISA). UBM measurements were AOD and TIA. Correlations of AOD500 and TIA500 between UBM and AS-OCT were assessed. All parameters were analysed by SPSS 16.0 and MedCalc. RESULTS: ACA, TIA and AOD measured by SD-AS-OCT reached a maximum at the temporal quadrant and minimum at the nasal quadrant. TISA reached the maximum at the inferior and minimum at the superior quadrant. Group parameters of AOD500 and AOD750 showed a linear positive correlation, and AOD750 had less variability. UBM outcomes of AOD500 and TIA500 were significantly smaller than those of SD-AS-OCT. The results of the two techniques were correlated at the superior, nasal and inferior quadrants. CONCLUSION: Both UBM and SD-AS-OCT are efficient tools for follow-up during the course of PACG. We recommended using parameters at 750 µm anterior to the sclera spur for the screening and follow-up of PACG and PAC. The two methods might be alternatives to each other.     

Changes in anterior chamber configuration after cataract surgery as measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography

Purpose

To evaluate the changes in anterior chamber depth (ACD) and angle width induced by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in normal eyes using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods

Forty-five eyes (45 patients) underwent AS-OCT imaging to evaluate anterior chamber configuration before and 2 days after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. We analyzed the central ACD and angle width using different methods: anterior chamber angle (ACA), trabecular-iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance (AOD), and trabecular iris surface area (TISA) in the nasal and temporal quadrants. Comparison between preoperative and postoperative measurement was done using paired t-tests and each of the angle parameters was analyzed with Pearson correlation testing. Subgroup analyses according to the IOL and axial length were performed with a general multivariate linear model adjusted for age.

Results

Before surgery, the mean anterior chamber angle widths were 23.21 ± 6.70° in the nasal quadrant and 24.89 ± 7.66° in the temporal quadrant. The mean central ACD was 2.75 ± 0.43 mm. After phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, the anterior chamber angle width increased significantly to 35.16 ± 4.65° in the nasal quadrant (p = 0.001) and 36.03 ± 4.86° in the temporal quadrant (p = 0.001). Also, central ACD increased to 4.14 ± 0.31 mm (p = 0.001). AOD, TISA, and TIA increased significantly after cataract surgery and showed positive correlation with ACA.

Conclusions

After cataract surgery, the ACD and angle width significantly increased in eyes with cataract. AS-OCT is a good method for obtaining quantitative data regarding anterior chamber configuration.     

前房深度对有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体植入术后前房形态的影响

目的观察术前前房深度（ACD）对有晶状体眼后房型人工晶状体（PPC-ICL）植入术后房角形态的影响。方法回顾性系列病例研究。连续选取已接受PPC-ICL植入术的近视患者80例（132眼）。根据患者术前ACD分为3组：A组：ACD＜3.0 mm;B组：3.0≤ACD＜3.5 mm;C组：ACD≥3.5 mm。术前和术后3个月时分别采用前节光学相干断层扫描仪（AS-OCT）对患者进行眼前节生物测量。检测指标包括中央ACD、0°与180°方位房角开放距离（AOD500）、虹膜小梁空间面积（TISA500）和巩膜突角（SSA）。使用方差分析、直线相关分析和配对t检验对数据进行分析。结果所有患者术前AOD500（0°、180°）（r=0.51、0.47）,TISA500（0°、180°）（r=0.55、0.52）和SSA（0°、180°）（r=0.46、0.58）测量值均与ACD呈正相关（P＜0.01）。术后3个月时,3组患者平均ACD、AOD500、TISA500以及SSA测量值较术前均下降（P＜0.05）。3组患者的AOD500（F=7.00、5.08）、TISA500（F=6.42、3.06）以及SSA（F=7.20、4.73）差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,其中A组患者的3个指标值均低于B组和C组（P<0.01）,而B组和C组相比差异无统计学意义。3组患者的AOD500、TISA500和SSA在术后发生相同比例的下降,差异无统计学意义。3组拱高差异有统计学意义（F=5.37,P＜0.05）,A组和B组拱高均显著低于C组（P<0.05）。术后3个月时AOD500（0°、180°）（r=0.54、0.50）,TISA500（0°、180°）（r=0.49、0.48）及SSA（0°、180°）（r=0.60、0.61）手术前后变化率均与拱高呈正相关（P＜0.01）。3组患者随访期内均未见房角关闭,手术前后眼压差异均无统计学意义。结论PPC-ICL植入术后房角形态发生显著改变,浅前房患者术后前房更浅、房角更窄,且拱高较高者术后前房形态改变更为明显。     

超声生物显微镜在青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

目的:利用超声生物显微镜(ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)检查的结果来指导青光眼合并白内障患者术前手术方法的选择,观察患者术后房角及其相关结构的改变。方法:对合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG)患者30例(30眼)行小梁切除术联合白内障小切口手法碎核晶状体摘除及人工晶状体植入。术前及术后1mo常规行视力、裂隙灯、用UBM测量前房深度(anterior chamber distance,ACD)、小梁虹膜角(tra-becular iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离500(angle opening dis-tance,AOD500)、小梁睫状体距离(trabecular ciliary proces-ses distance,TCPD)和虹膜厚度1(iris distance,ID1)的检查,同时记录眼压的变化并进行分析。结果:术后眼压较术前明显降低。ACD、TIA、AOD500、TCPD术前术后比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ID1术前术后比较无显著性差异。结论:青光眼白内障联合手术可明显加深前房,增宽房角,重新开放小梁网。远期效果待于更多样本、更长时间的术后观察。     

Anterior chamber parameters measured by the Pentacam CES after uneventful phacoemulsification in normotensive eyes

Purpose: We set out to quantify changes in the anterior chamber volume (ACV), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements obtained by the Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera following uneventful phacoemulsification surgery in normotensive eyes with open iridocorneal angles. Methods: We enrolled 44 eyes of 44 consecutive patients undergoing cataract extraction in this prospective study. Patients with a history of glaucoma, angle‐closure glaucoma or any other concurrent ocular disease were excluded. A detailed eye examination including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement was performed and ACV, ACD and inferior, superior, temporal and nasal ACA measurements were obtained in each patient eye using the Pentacam Comprehensive Eye Scanner (Pentacam CES) before and 3 months after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with temporal clear corneal incision. Data were compared using paired t‐test and one‐way anova . Results: Mean preoperative ACV, ACD, ACA and IOP measurements were 164.7 ± 49.8 mm³, 3.0 ± 0.8 mm, 35.7 ± 10.2 ° and 15.8 ± 3.7 mmHg, respectively. Three months postoperatively, mean ACV, ACD, ACA and IOP measurements were 200.9 ± 33.3 mm³, 3.9 ± 0.9 mm, 41.5 ± 6.5 ° and 13.2 ± 3.9 mmHg, respectively. Postoperative mean ACV, ACD and ACA values in all four quadrants were significantly increased (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, respectively), whereas IOP was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The Pentacam CES allowed very easy, fast, automatic and non‐contact quantification of the anterior chamber parameters pre‐ and postoperatively in all patient eyes. Measurements obtained confirm that in normotensive eyes with open iridocorneal angles, the ACV and ACD increase and the ACA widens in all quadrants 3 months after uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. These changes are accompanied by a significant fall in IOP in the short term.     

PACG激光虹膜切开术前后前节OCT扫描各参数变化研究

目的：观察原发性闭角青光眼（primary angle closure glaucoma,PACG）行激光虹膜切开术前后前节OCT扫描参数变化。方法：原发性闭角型青光眼30例42眼1/2以上象限房角开放,进行自身对照研究,利用前节OCT于激光虹膜切开术前及术后4wk进行检查,主要指标包括：前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积、中央前房深度。术前术后检测参数比较,服从正态分布采用配对t检验,不服从正态分布的采用秩和检验。结果：PACG患者30例42眼LPI术前距巩膜突500μm处,前房角开放距离0.172±0.078μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.066±0.025mm2;距巩膜突750μm处,前房角开放距离0.268±0.133μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.122±0.045mm2;LPI术后距巩膜突500μm处,前房角开放距离0.277±0.105μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.113±0.041mm2;距巩膜突750μm处,前房角开放距离0.388±0.154μm,小梁网与虹膜间面积0.194±0.063mm2（P〈0.05）差异有统计学意义,但前房深度无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P=0.108）。结论：激光虹膜切开术可以解决瞳孔阻滞,使前房角开放距离、小梁网与虹膜间面积增加,但前房深度不变。     

频域眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(AS-OCT)对激光周边虹膜切开术后患者前房角结构定量检测

目的 利用频域眼前节光学相干断层扫描仪(anterior segment optical coherence tomography,AS-OCT)检测原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭眼激光周边虹膜切开术后的房角参数,并探讨测量参数的选择及在青光眼患者筛查与随访中的临床意义.方法 选取原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭患者共40例(55眼),其中原发性急性闭角型青光眼缓解期8例11眼,原发性急性闭角型青光眼临床前期20例(20眼),原发性房角关闭12例(24眼).应用频域AS-OCT量化评价激光周边虹膜切开术后房角结构,测量上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧前房角(anterior chamber angle,ACA)、小梁虹膜夹角(trabecular-iris angle,TIA)、房角开放距离(angle open distance,AOD)、小梁虹膜空间面积(trabecular iris space area,TISA),对检查结果进行分析.结果 选取角膜内侧距巩膜突500 μm和750μm的点,分别测量上方、下方、鼻侧、颞侧四个方位的AOD、TIA、ACA、TISA,归为500系列和750系列.500系列及750系列TIA、ACA、AOD测量值均值均为颞侧最大,鼻侧最小;TISA测量均值下方最大、上方最小.Pearson相关性分析显示TIA500和ACA500(r=0.799、P=0.00)、TIA750和ACA750(r=0.799、P=0.00)、TIA500和TI-SA500(r=0.919、P=0.00)、TIA750和TISA750(r=0.920、P=0.00)均具有正相关关系.以TIA500为自变量x,TISA500为因变量y,得回归方程y=-0.300 +0.005x(F=1195,P=0.00),即TISA500与TIA500呈线性正相关关系.以TIA750为自变量x,TISA750为因变量y,得回归方程y=-0.440 +0.009x(F=854,P=0.00),即TISA750与TIA750呈线性正相关关系.750系列参数的变异系数在四个方位均小于500系列.结论 频域AS-OCT可用于原发性闭角型青光眼及原发性房角关闭患者术后的疗效评价与随访.在房角狭窄时,750系列参数变异系数更小,更具有临床应用价值.     

Changes in Caucasian eyes after laser peripheral iridotomy: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography study

Background: To evaluate by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) the changes in the anterior chamber structures in Caucasian eyes after laser peripheral iridotomy (PI). Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive Caucasian primary angle closure suspect (PACS), primary angle closure (PAC) or primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients who underwent laser PI over a 25‐month period at a specialist glaucoma practice. The AS‐OCT images of the temporal and nasal angles (in light and dark) before and after laser PI were analysed. The parameters studied were trabecular‐iris angle (TIA), angle opening distance (AOD), trabecular‐iris space area (TISA), trabecular‐iris contact length (TICL), iris thickness (IT) and maximum iris bow height (MIBH). Results: Images of 71 eyes of 71 patients were assessed. The mean age at laser PI was 60.3 ± 10.0 years. Forty (56.3%) were women, and 14 (19.7%) had PACG. The mean time from laser PI to the follow‐up AS‐OCT scan was 5.92 ± 3.22 weeks. The IT did not alter significantly after laser PI, but there were significant increases in the TIA, AOD and TISA, as well as a significant decrease in MIBH, in both light and dark. There was no difference in the magnitude of change seen between the temporal and nasal angles, or between PACS/PAC and PACG eyes. Conclusion: In Caucasian eyes, laser PI resulted in significant angle widening (increased TIA, AOD and TISA) and iris profile flattening (decreased MIBH) at the temporal and nasal angles based on AS‐OCT imaging in both light and dark.     

Comparison of Scheimpflug imaging and spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography for detection of narrow anterior chamber angles

Purpose

To compare the performance of anterior chamber volume (ACV) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) obtained using Scheimpflug imaging with angle opening distance (AOD500) and trabecular-iris space area (TISA500) obtained using spectral domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SD-ASOCT) in detecting narrow angles classified using gonioscopy.

Methods

In this prospective, cross-sectional observational study, 265 eyes of 265 consecutive patients underwent sequential Scheimpflug imaging, SD-ASOCT imaging, and gonioscopy. Correlations between gonioscopy grading, ACV, ACD, AOD500, and TISA500 were evaluated. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated to assess the performance of ACV, ACD, AOD500, and TISA500 in detecting narrow angles (defined as Shaffer grade ≤1 in all quadrants). SD-ASOCT images were obtained at the nasal and temporal quadrants only.

Results

Twenty-eight eyes (10.6%) were classified as narrow angles on gonioscopy. ACV correlated with gonioscopy grading (P<0.001) for temporal (r=0.204), superior (r=0.251), nasal (r=0.213), and inferior (r=0.236) quadrants. ACV correlated with TISA500 for nasal (r=0.135, P=0.029) and temporal (P=0.160, P=0.009) quadrants and also with AOD500 for nasal (r=0.498, P<0.001) and temporal (r=0.517, P<0.001) quadrants. For detection of narrow angles, ACV (AUC=0.935; 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.898–0.961) performed similar to ACD (AUC=0.88, P=0.06) and significantly better than AOD500 nasal (AUC=0.761, P=0.001), AOD500 temporal (AUC=0.808, P<0.001), TISA500 nasal (AUC=0.756, P<0.001), and TISA500 temporal (AUC=0.738, P<0.001). Using a cutoff of 113 mm³, ACV had 90% sensitivity and 88% specificity for detecting narrow angles. Positive and negative LRs for ACV were 8.63 (95% CI=7.4–10.0) and 0.11 (95% CI=0.03–0.4), respectively.

Conclusions

ACV measurements using Scheimpflug imaging outperformed AOD500 and TISA500 using SD-ASOCT for detecting narrow angles.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of anterior segment changes after phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To report quantitative changes in the anterior segment configuration after clear corneal incision phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens (IOL) implantation by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized, comparative (self-controlled) trial. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-one eyes of 19 patients with senile or presenile cataracts and no other ocular illness. METHODS: Patients were examined with UBM before and 1 and 3 months after surgery. At each UBM examination, axial images of the anterior chamber and radial sections of the angle at the superior, lateral, inferior, and medial quadrants were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Central anterior chamber depth (ACD), iris-lens contact distance, iris-lens angle (ILA), angle opening distance at points 250 (AOD250) and 500 microm (AOD500) from the scleral spur, trabecular-iris angle (TIA), iris thickness 500 microm from the scleral spur (IT), trabecular-ciliary process distance (TCPD), iris-ciliary process distance (ICPD), iris-zonule distance, iris-sclera angle (ISA), and ciliary process-sclera angle (CPSA). After surgery, central anterior chamber depth was also measured from the cornea to the IOL (ACD) and from the cornea to the pupillary plane (ACD2). Each variable was measured twice in different days by the same observer. RESULTS: The variables IT, TCPD, ICPD, IZD, and CPSA did not significantly change after surgery (P > 0.01). Central anterior chamber depth increased approximately 30% after surgery (approximately 850 microm; P < 0.001), by both measurement methods used (ACD x ACD and ACD x ACD2). Anterior chamber angle significantly increased, by approximately 50% of the initial value, by the three measurement methods used: AOD250 (P 相似文献   

Influence of exercise on the structure of the anterior chamber of the eye

Purpose

To measure changes in anterior chamber structure before and after exercise in healthy individuals using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Methods

Thirty‐two healthy young individuals performed jogging for 20 min. Eye blinking rate was recorded during rest and exercise. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance at 500 μm from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular‐iris space area at 500 μm from the scleral spur (TISA500), iris concavity (IC), iris concavity ratio (CR), iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), pupil diameter (PD), intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after exercise. Anterior chamber angle (ACA), AOD500, TISA500, IC, IT750, ACD, ACW and PD were measured with ASOCT.

Results

Compared with rest, the blinking rate during exercise did not change significantly (13.04 ± 5.80 versus 13.52 ± 5.87 blinks/min, p = 0.645). The average IOP (15.4 ± 2.4 versus 12.4 ± 2.1 mmHg), ACA (35.96 ± 11.35 versus 40.25 ± 12.64 degrees), AOD500 (0.800 ± 0.348 versus 0.942 ± 0.387 mm), TISA500 (0.308 ± 0.155 versus 0.374 ± 0.193 mm²), IC (?0.078 ± 0.148 versus ?0.153 ± 0.159 mm) and CR (?0.027 ± 0.050 versus ?0.054 ± 0.056) changed significantly (all p < 0.001), while the average IT750 (0.463 ± 0.084 versus 0.465 ± 0.086 mm; p = 0.492), ACD (3.171 ± 0.229 versus 3.175 ± 0.238 mm; p = 0.543) and ACW (11.768 ± 0.377 versus 11.755 ± 0.378 mm; p = 0.122) showed no significant change after exercise.

Conclusion

The blinking rate did not change significantly during exercise, while ACA, AOD500 and TISA500 increased after exercise. Exercise also induced or increased IC. These changes in anterior chamber structure were only associated with exercise, but not with the postexercise change in PD or IOP.     

可疑原发性房角关闭眼不同象限房角形态的对比分析

目的 对比分析可疑原发性房角关闭（PACS）眼不同象限房角关闭程度的差异,以及不同象限房角生物学参数定量测量值的差异。设计 前瞻性病例系列。研究对象 PACS眼112例。方法 每人只选择符合入排标准的单眼纳入研究。对入选眼进行房角镜检查,记录房角在上、下、鼻、颞四个象限贴合性关闭状态并进行比较分析。然后对入选眼进行前节相干光断层成像（AS-OCT）检查,对鼻侧和颞侧的房角生物学参数进行测量和对比分析。主要指标 四个象限房角贴合性关闭情况,500 μm处房角开放距离（AOD500）、500 μm小梁网虹膜间面积（TISA500）、虹膜膨隆程度（Icurv）、2000 μm处虹膜厚度（IT2000）。结果 房角关闭眼上方象限的房角关闭比例（98.21%）高于下方（75.89%）、鼻侧（64.29%）和颞侧（76.79%）（χ2=40.225,P<0.001）。颞侧象限AOD500处的房角宽度为（0.12±0.06）mm,大于鼻侧的（0.11±0.06）mm（P<0.001）。颞侧象限TISA500为（0.07±0.03）mm2,大于鼻侧的（0.06±0.03）mm2（P=0.008）。颞侧象限Icurv为（0.41±0.11）mm,大于鼻侧的（0.37±0.1）mm（P=0.001）。颞侧象限IT2000为（0.46±0.07）mm,小于鼻侧的（0.49±0.06）mm（P<0.001）。结论 PACS眼不同象限房角形态存在差异,上方较其他象限房角更易于关闭,颞侧象限的虹膜较鼻侧更薄、房角较鼻侧更加开放。（眼科, 2020, 29： 361-364）     

Novel Discoveries of Anterior Segment Parameters in Fellow Eyes of Acute Primary Angle Closure and Chronic Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma

PurposeTo investigate the biometric differences of anterior segment parameters between fellow eyes of acute primary angle closure (F-APAC) and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (F-CPACG) to get information about differences between APAC and CPAC.MethodsPatients with F-APAC and F-CPACG without prior treatment were enrolled from glaucoma clinics. Parameters were measured on ultrasound biomicroscopy images, including pupil diameter, lens vault (LV), anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber width, iris area, iris thickness (IT 750 and 2000), angle-opening distance (AOD 500 and 750), trabecular-iris space area (TISA 500 and 750), trabecular iris angle (TIA 500 and 750), trabecular–ciliary angle, and ciliary process area. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the most important parameters associated with F-APAC compared with F-CPACG.ResultsFifty-five patients with APAC and 55 patients with CPACG were examined. The anterior chamber depth, IT 750, AOD 750, trabecular iris angle 750, and trabecular–ciliary angle were smaller, and LV and ciliary process area were greater in F-APAC as compared with F-CPACG (P ≤ 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that thinner IT 750, smaller AOD 750, and larger LV were significantly associated with F-APAC (P < 0.01). IT 750 (area under the curve, 0.703) performed relatively better than AOD 750 (area under the curve, 0.696) in distinguishing F-APAC from F-CPACG, with the best cutoff of 0.404 mm and 0.126 mm, respectively.ConclusionsCompared with F-CPACG, F-APAC had thinner peripheral iris, narrower anterior chamber angle, shallower anterior chamber depth, greater LV, larger and anteriorly positioned ciliary body. IT 750, AOD 750, and LV played important roles in distinguishing eyes predisposed to APAC or CPAC.