Amyand's hernia: case report and review of the literature

The authors report a case of gangrenous acute appendicitis in the sac of an inguinal hernia (Amyand's hernia). After a review of the literature, they emphasise the extreme rarity of the case reported, they underline how the clinical picture is highly similar to that of a strangulated inguinal hernia. They affirm that appendicectomy and hernioplasty may be performed at the same time, since the repair of the hernia should be performed without prosthesis implantation due to the contamination of the operating field.     

Perforated appendix and periappendicular abscess within an inguinal hernia

We report an extremely rare case of complicated Amyand’s hernia. A 61-year-old male patient was admitted with clinical signs of incarcerated right inguinal hernia and localised tenderness in the right iliac fossa. He underwent emergency surgery and the operative findings included perforated appendix and periappendicular abscess within a right inguinal hernia sac. Appendectomy and Shouldice’s herniorrhaphy without prosthetic mesh placement were performed. Histology revealed the presence of a villous adenoma near the base of the appendix. We point out that although Amyand’s hernia is a very rare clinical entity, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis in cases with clinical signs of incarcerated right inguinal hernia, especially when there are no pathological findings on the abdominal X-rays.     

Amyand's hernia a case report

Introduction and importanceAmyand's hernia (AH) is a form of inguinal hernia which is consider as very rare and this type of hernia occurred up to 1% of all inguinal hernia cases. In this type of inguinal hernia, the content of hernia sac is appendix. Most patient with AH often remains asymptomatic and diagnosed intraoperatively. The diagnosis is challenging, since needs a high index of suspicion and imaging is key. Surgery is the mainstay management. We report a case of Amyand's hernia that was managed operatively in our medium complex public institution.Case presentationA 28 year's old man with normal body mass index (BMI) who had a history of right-side reducible linguino-scrotal swelling for 8 years, was admitted for elective right inguinal hernia repair. Two weeks back before admission, he noticed that swelling was slightly painful. Ultrasound of the abdomen reported normal findings. There was no history of abdominal pain and vomiting. Laboratory parameters were within normal limit. So, with a diagnosis of right sided partially reducible, incomplete, and indirect inguinal hernia, patient was operated for open hernia repair surgery, intra operatively we found dense adhesions within the sac, adhesions were released which revealed herniation of appendix into the inguinal canal. Appendix was mildly congested without gross evidence of inflammation. Hence, in view of noninflamed appendix, preperitoneal mesh (polypropylene) hernioplasty from Lichtenstein tension-free mesh repair was performed with appendicectomy. Postoperative period was uneventful, patient discharged at second day.Clinical discussionAmyand's hernia is very uncommon and characterized by the presence of the appendix in the hernia sac and it is 0.4–1% of all inguinal hernia cases, literature review also showed that incidence of Amyand's hernia is very rare, whereas only 0.1% of cases complicate into acute appendicitis due to late presentation and missed diagnosis.ConclusionAmyand's hernia (AH) makes up only a small proportion of most inguinal hernia cases, and its diagnosis is usually based on incidental finding intra-operatively. This condition may remain asymptomatic and behave like a normal inguinal hernia. Management of this type of hernia should be individualized according to appendix's inflammation stage, presence of abdominal sepsis and co-morbidity. With this approach it enables surgeons to manage more variations of Amyand's hernia. Laparoscopy for dealing Amyand's hernia is frequently diagnostic as well as therapeutic.     

Inguinal hernia containing urinary bladder—A case report

IntroductionInguinal bladder hernia is rare condition found in about 1–5% of inguinal hernias. The condition is usually diagnosed intraoperatively. Patients rarely have symptoms regarding urinary tract. The best management is surgical, open surgical technique is preferred over laparoscopic. Possible urinary tract damage during surgery should be recognized and resolved.Case presentationThe following paper presents case of inguinal bladder hernia in 82-year old Caucasian male. Patient presented at our emergency department with incarcerated left inguinal hernia. Preoperative ultrasound has shown small bowel loop inside hernia sac. The condition was diagnosed intraoperatively – the whole bladder was found inside hernia sac. During surgery minor damage of the bladder was caused and repaired. Hernia defect was repaired using Bassini hernioplasty.DiscussionElderly male more often present with inguinal bladder hernia. Sometimes urinary malignancy may be cause for inguinal bladder hernia. In cases where inguinal bladder is found inside hernia sac, urologist should be consulted to exclude urological pathology. Surgical treatment is indicated in all symptomatic patients. Patients with small, asymptomatic inguinal bladder hernias could be treated conservatively.ConclusionPhysicians seeing patients with inguinal hernia should be aware that patient may have inguinal bladder hernia, especially in patients presenting with newly developed symptoms of lower urinary tract.     

The Aymand's hernia. Case report and review of the literature

The crural hernia containing an inflamed appendix is a rare entity and must be considered a variant of the hernia first described in 1735 by Claudius Amyand. This hernia is rarely recognised and diagnosed before the surgical treatment because it is often confused with a strangled hernia. In spite of this, the clinical presentation seems to follow a well determined pathway, so is possible to argue that the uncorrect diagnosis is to be attributed to the ignorance of this hernia. We report a case of Amyand's crural hernia in a woman 57 years old. The base of the appendix was not inflamed and, according to this, we made an appendectomy. We closed the hernia defect without the use of a synthetic mesh. The post operative period was regular and free of complications.     

完全经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟疝32例报告

目的：探讨完全经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟疝的临床应用价值及手术方法。方法：回顾分析为32例小儿腹股沟疝患者行完全经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗的临床资料,总结经脐单孔操作完成腹腔内缝合及腹腔内疝囊高位结扎术的经验。结果：32例均成功完成腹腔内缝合、腹腔内疝囊高位结扎术,共39侧。单侧疝手术时间30-45 min,双侧疝40-55 min。术后住院2 d。术中均无副损伤,术后均无出血、睾丸移位、睾丸萎缩等并发症发生及腹股沟区疼痛不适现象。结论：完全经脐单孔腹腔镜手术治疗小儿腹股沟疝可完全经腹腔内操作完成缝合打结,避免了在腹股沟区操作,无精索损伤出血、睾丸缺血性萎缩等并发症发生,亦无发生神经损伤后遗症之虑,而且可施行内环口修补及封堵,进一步预防术后复发,值得推广应用。     

Sliding lipoma: an indirect inguinal hernia without a peritoneal sac

With the increasing application of endoscopic hernioplasty, surgeons have now recognized that the peritoneal sac is sometimes absent in patients who present with a reducible inguinal hernia. Sliding lipoma refers to a sliding herniation of preperitoneal fat into the inguinal canal forming a reducible indirect inguinal hernia in the absence of a peritoneal sac. In this report, we describe a patient who underwent bilateral endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty (TEP), followed by an early recurrence of left inguinal hernia, secondary to a sliding lipoma. Sliding lipoma is a challenging condition specific to endoscopic repair of inguinal hernia. All lipomas should be reduced and excised whenever feasible. Awareness and appropriate management of the sliding lipoma will help to reduce the risk of recurrence after endoscopic hernioplasty.     

Recurrence following endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty

Recurrence rate is the utmost outcome parameter in determining the clinical effectiveness of any hernia surgery. Between June 1999 and September 2004, six patients presented with recurrent hernia after endoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty (TEP). Four of the six recurrences (67%) occurred within a few months after TEP, indicating a technical failure. Of the 1,093 TEPs performed by the author, a total of three patients developed recurrence, giving an overall recurrence rate of 0.27%. All six patients underwent open Lichtenstein hernioplasty. Intraoperative findings showed recurrent indirect inguinal hernia in all patients. Half of the recurrence (n=3) was due to a sliding lipoma without a peritoneal hernial sac. Untreated herniated retroperitoneal adipose tissue into the internal inguinal ring during initial TEP constitutes the leading cause of recurrence after TEP. Routine exploration of internal ring for any herniated retroperitoneal adipose tissue during TEP is recommended. Herniated retroperitoneal adipose tissue should be resected whenever feasible.     

3D腹腔镜补片免固定腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术25例

目的总结3D腹腔镜补片免固定腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的临床应用体会和经验。方法对我院2010年7月至2011年6月间25例应用3D腹腔镜补片行免固定腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的临床资料回顾性分析。结果25例经腹腹膜前补片植入术（transabdominal preperitoneal,TAPP）均获成功,无中转开放手术。单侧疝手术时间40～105min,双侧疝手术时间90—145min,术后2—6d出院。术后发生阴囊血清肿1例,1例有轻度疼痛。随访3～11个月,无复发病例。结论3D腹腔镜补片免固定腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术效果安全可靠,操作更为简便易行,并发症发生率低。     

Toy-Smooth laparoscopic hernioplasty.

The Toy-Smoot laparoscopic hernioplasty was performed in 10 patients with excellent short-term results. This laparoscopic hernioplasty utilizes the principles of high ligation of the sac, a tension-free repair, and the advantages of an expanded PTFE patch over other prosthetic patch materials without groin dissection. The Toy-Smoot laparoscopic hernioplasty is a safe and effective repair of both direct and indirect inguinal hernias. The patients experience only minimal pain and return to full activity by the second postoperative day.     

Preperitoneal prosthetic mesh hernioplasty for the simultaneous repair of inguinal hernia during prostatic surgery: experience with 172 patients

OBJECTIVES: We report our experience with posterior preperitoneal prosthetic hernioplasty for inguinal hernia in patients undergoing concomitant pelvic surgery for prostatic pathologies. METHODS: 172 patients with unilateral or bilateral inguinal hernia underwent posterior preperitoneal prosthetic hernioplasty during pelvic surgery for BPH and malignant prostatic pathologies. RESULTS: There was no evidence of hernial recurrence after a mean of 30 months and no complications attributable to the hernial repairs, except for 1 patient who developed a small periprosthetic hematoma and 1 patient with a pelvic lymphocele, both spontaneously resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior preperitoneal prosthetic hernioplasty for inguinal hernia combined with pelvic surgery for prostatic pathologies should be applied routinely by urologists because it is a relatively simple procedure and with a very low rate of complications and recurrence.     

无张力疝修补术在急性嵌顿性腹股沟疝中的应用

目的探讨无张力疝修补术在急性嵌顿性腹股沟疝中的应用。方法对我院2000年1月~2004年12月行无张力修补术治疗急性嵌顿性腹股沟疝28例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组全部成功完成手术,平均手术时间为60min。术后疼痛3例,阴囊积液2例。随访1~6年未见复发病例。结论无张力疝修补术可以安全、有效地应用于急性嵌顿性腹股沟疝的病人。     

腹腔镜经腹腹膜前部分横断疝囊治疗复发腹股沟斜疝的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜经腹腹膜前疝囊部分横断治疗腹股沟复发斜疝的手术技巧及临床应用价值。方法:回顾分析2010年1月至2015年12月为12例复发腹股沟斜疝患者行腹腔镜经腹腹膜前部分横断疝囊手术的临床资料及术后随访,其中原手术行传统巴西尼术8例(男6例,女2例),使用无张力修补术4例(男3例,女1例)。结果:12例复发腹股沟斜疝患者均行腹腔镜经腹腹膜前补片植入术,术中采用部分横断疝囊后完全剥除疝囊的方法,效果良好。手术时间45～90 min,平均(70.0±11.5)min,术后3～5 d出院,平均(4±1)d;术后随访6～24个月,发生阴囊水肿2例,均吸收;1例术后疼痛,经理疗及止痛治疗约1周好转痊愈。目前患者均无复发。结论:腹腔镜经腹腹膜前部分横断疝囊治疗复发腹股沟斜疝在完全剥除疝囊方面具有创伤小、并发症少、缝合腹膜时无张力、复发率低等优势,且手术安全性高,效果可靠,值得临床推广。     

腹股沟疝修补手术个体化处理的探讨

目的探讨腹股沟疝修补手术的个体化处理方法。方法对我院1998-2007年实施的各种腹股沟疝修补术共832例的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果832例手术中行单纯疝囊高位结扎者98例,复发1例;行疝囊高位结扎并内环修补术者121例,术后复发2例;行Shouldiee修补术者126例,复发4例;行无张力疝修补术者487例,复发3例。结论腹股沟疝表现形式多种多样,提倡腹股沟疝修补术应采用个体化处理原则以减少术后复发。     

De Garengeot hernia: Case report and review

IntroductionRene De Garengeot, a French surgeon, was the first to describe the presence of the appendix inside a femoral hernia sac in 1731. It is a rare entity that has fewer than 100 cases reported in literature.Presentation of caseAn 86 years-old male patient, comes to Emergency Department complaining of painful bulging in the right inguinal region, associated with local inflammatory signs. He was initially diagnosed as incarcerated femoral hernia and underwent emergency open surgery. Inguinotomy was performed and after hernia sac dissection it was possible to observe the presence of the appendix incarcerated in its interior, without clinical signs of appendicitis. Surgeons performed appendectomy and inguinal repair of the femoral hernia with placement of a polypropylene mesh.DiscussionDe Garengeot hernia is a rare entity that requires early treatment in order to avoid possible complications. When facing a patient with incarcerated hernia emergency surgery must be indicated even if it is not possible to determine the contents of the hernia.ConclusionThis paper presents a case report of a De Garengeot hernia patient who presented a good evolution after surgery.     

Preperitoneal prosthetic mesh hernioplasty during radical retropubic prostatectomy

PURPOSE: The number of radical retropubic prostatectomies performed in the United States has increased during the last decade. There are 5 to 10% of candidates for radical retropubic prostatectomy who have a detectable inguinal hernia on physical examination. Furthermore, recent data suggest that there is an increased incidence of inguinal hernia after radical retropubic prostatectomy. We evaluated the role of simultaneous inguinal hernioplasty during radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 575 radical prostatectomy procedures from June 1991 to June 1997, 70 hernioplasties were performed in 48 patients. Retrospective chart review was performed for all men who underwent simultaneous hernia repair. Mean patient age was 60.9 years (range 43 to 73). Polypropylene or polyester fiber prostheses were used for mesh hernioplasty. All repairs were performed using a preperitoneal approach during radical retropubic prostatectomy. RESULTS: There were 35 hernioplasties performed without and 35 with mesh. Mean postoperative followup was 24 months (range 6 to 66). Of the hernias 71% were indirect and 29% were direct. No recurrence was detected after mesh hernioplasty, whereas 5 hernias (14%) recurred in the nonmesh group. In this group 2 men (4%) also had de novo hernias on the contralateral side during followup. All recurrent hernias were diagnosed within 1 year of the initial operation. No patient had wound infection, persistent neuralgia or ischemic orchitis. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous repair of inguinal hernias during radical retropubic prostatectomy is effective and technically feasible. There is convenient access to the preperitoneal space during radical retropubic prostatectomy and hernia repair adds only 5 to 10 minutes of operative time. Mesh repair appears to offer optimized results compared to the nonmesh technique. Despite the use of prosthetic material, no complications were attributable to its application during these genitourinary procedures.     

多排螺旋CT多平面重建在腹股沟斜疝、直疝及股疝中的鉴别诊断及临床价值

目的探究多排螺旋CT多平面重建对腹股沟疝的临床鉴别诊断价值。 方法回顾性分析2020年2月至2021年2月内蒙古包钢医院收治的100例同时行多排螺旋CT多平面重建扫描及疝修补术的病例,观察疝的影像学征象,类型及发生侧,以手术结果为金标准,分析比较多排螺旋CT多平面重建诊断腹股沟疝的准确率、灵敏与特异度以及阴阳性预测值。 结果100例患者共有116个疝囊,多排螺旋CT多平面重建扫描诊断腹股沟斜疝的灵敏及特异度分别为93.33%、94.44%,阴阳性预测值分别为92.73%和94.91%;腹股沟直疝的上述指标分别为91.67%、95.65%、96.70%、89.19%;股疝上述指标均为100%。多排螺旋CT检查示股疝疝囊则位于腹股沟韧带后下方,存在股三角填塞,腹股沟斜疝和直疝疝囊均位于腹股沟韧带前上方,且不存在股三角填塞,但腹股沟斜疝疝囊位于腹壁下动脉外侧,直疝疝囊位于腹壁下动脉内侧,伴侧新月征。 结论斜疝、直疝和股疝具有特征性影像学征像,多排螺旋CT多平面重建可以显示腹股沟区解剖细节,对斜疝、直疝和股疝的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

Primary Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma in an Incarcerated Groin Hernia: Report of a Case

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma arising from the inguinal hernia sac is rare. We report the case of a 71-year-old man examined in our emergency department for a bilateral inguinoscrotal hernia, which was recurrent in the right groin, and primary and incarcerated in the left groin. An emergency exploratory operation revealed a firm mass, 10cm in diameter, in the left inguinal hernia sac. The remaining peritoneal surface appeared macroscopically normal. Therefore, we resected the mass and performed a Rutkow hernioplasty. The patient was discharged after a short, uneventful recovery, and was referred to the oncology department for adjuvant therapy. He is now well and asymptomatic with no evidence of ascites, 26 months after his operation. A mesothelioma of the hernial sac peritoneum was the final histological diagnosis.     

Amyand's hernia: a report of two cases

In 2000–2001 two patients with acute appendicitis in the right inguinal hernia (Amyand's hernia) and the symptoms of incarcerated hernia were operated on in emergency. One patient with the symptoms of local peritonitis was subjected to hernioplasty and appendectomy. The second underwent midline inferior laparotomy, because of diffuse peritonitis with appendectomy and hernioplasty. Both patients were operated by Shouldice's method. None of the patients developed recurrent disease. The presented cases point to the necessity of considering acute appendicitis in the differential diagnosis of incarcerated right inguinal hernia. Electronic Publication     

Petroleum jelly-induced penile paraffinoma with inguinal lymphadenitis mimicking incarcerated inguinal hernia

Chronic granulomatous inflammation may develop after injecting foreign oily substances into the penis. The disorder affects mainly the site of administration, but regional lymphadenopathy or even systemic disease can occur. We present a 39-year-old man with petroleum jelly-induced penile lesion and unilateral inguinal lymphadenitis mimicking incarcerated inguinal hernia. At hernioplasty no hernial sac was found, but enlarged lymph nodes suspicious for malignancy were identified. The histopathologic findings of these nodes were consistent with mineral oil granuloma. Paraffinoma of the male genitalia can cause various clinical features posing a differential diagnostic dilemma. Regional lymphadenitis may be the main clinical characteristic. Patient’s history, physical and histopathological examination are required to establish the diagnosis.