女性民工心理健康状况及影响因素

目的:了解女性民工心理健康状况,并探讨影响心理健康的相关因素.方法:采用SCL-90、PSSS、TCSQ、SAQ、GSES对197名女性民工进行测试.结果:女性民工SCL-90各因子分值高于中国常模.社会支持、积极应对分值与SCL-90总分呈正相关;消极应对、自我接纳分值与SCL-90总分呈负相关.结论:女性民工心理健康水平低于普通人群,其心理健康状态与社会支持、应对方式、自我接纳存在相关性.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下郑州市居民的心理健康状况调查

目的调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下郑州市居民的心理健康状况,分析居民心理健康与其他指标的关系。方法 2020年2月20—22日通过微信向郑州市区372名居民发送调查问卷,包括一般资料调查表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)。比较新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下郑州市居民(调查组)与2018年常模(常模组)的SCL-90各因子分值。分析不同特征郑州市居民的心理健康状况。结果回收有效问卷342份,回收率为91.9%。调查组强迫症状、焦虑、敌对、恐惧、睡眠饮食各因子得分均高于常模组(均P<0.05)。女性SCL-90总分高于男性(P<0.05)。初中及以下人群SCL-90总分高于其他人群(均P<0.05)。医务工作者和个体从业者SCL-90总分高于其他职业者(均P<0.05)。离婚/丧偶人群SCL-90总分高于未婚和已婚人群(均P<0.05)。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下郑州市居民心理健康水平偏低,女性、受教育程度较低、医务工作者、个体从业者及离婚/丧偶的居民易出现心理问题。     

渔民高血压与饮酒及社会心理因素的关系

目的:研讨20～39岁渔民高血压与饮酒及社会心理因素的关系。方法:对61例20～39岁渔民(渔民组)和69例同年龄组的船厂工人(对照组)调查其既往疾病史并行体格检查,采用社会再适应评定量表(SRRS)、酒精依赖性疾患识别测验问卷Ⅰ和Ⅱ(AUDT-Ⅰ、AUDT-Ⅱ)进行检测,将两组高血压的发病情况、饮酒数量与量表结果进行统计学分析,以了解饮酒嗜好、生活事件与高血压的关系。结果:渔民组饮酒者的比率、饮酒年限和饮酒数量较对照组明显增高(P<0.001),高血压的发生率亦比对照组明显增高(P<0.001),高血压与饮酒呈正相关。对照组中高血压病与SRRS中社会负值呈负相关。结论:渔民高血压的发病率较高与饮酒有关,饮酒有其社会心理等原因,有必要改善船舶和渔民的社会心理环境。     

酒精所致精神障碍患者心理健康状况研究

目的了解酒精所致精神障碍患者心理健康状况。方法运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对45例酒精所致精神障碍患者(对照组)和45名无酗酒史的当地居民(对照组)进行问卷调查。结果 (1)研究组SCL-90各因子平均分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)酒精所致精神障碍患者饮酒年限、饮酒量及饮酒次数与心理健康状况具有相关性。结论酒精所致精神障碍患者存在明显的心理健康问题,饮酒初期负性情绪突出,需早期干预。     

酒精所致精神障碍患者心理健康状况研究

目的了解酒精所致精神障碍患者心理健康状况。方法运用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对45例酒精所致精神障碍患者(对照组)和45名无酗酒史的当地居民(对照组)进行问卷调查。结果 (1)研究组SCL-90各因子平均分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);(2)酒精所致精神障碍患者饮酒年限、饮酒量及饮酒次数与心理健康状况具有相关性。结论酒精所致精神障碍患者存在明显的心理健康问题,饮酒初期负性情绪突出,需早期干预。     

已婚女性性服务者应对方式、自我接纳与心理健康相关研究

目的：了解已婚女性性服务者应对方式、自我接纳对心理健康的影响。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）、自我接纳问卷（SAQ）对45名已婚女性性服务者进行测试,并与中国常模进行比较。结果：除躯体化因子（1.43±0.37）分外,SCL-90各因子分均高于中国常模。消极应对与SCL-90总分、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子呈负相关,自我接纳与SCL-90总分、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖因子呈负相关。结论：已婚女性性服务者心理健康水平低于普通人群,减少其消极应对、提高自我接纳能改善心理健康状态。     

妇产科护士心理健康状况调查与分析

目的 调查妇产科护士心理健康状况,分析其心理健康问题的影响因素.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)分别对50人妇产科护士和50人内科护士进行测评.结果 妇产科护士SCL-90各因子平均分均明显高于内科护士和中国常模,其组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);内科护士除了抑郁、焦虑两个因子分明显高于中国常模以外(P＜0.05),其余SCL-90因子分与中国常模比较差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 妇产科护士心理健康问题既比内科护士严重,又比一般人群更加突出;内科护士也存在一定程度的心理健康问题.应针对妇产科护士的职业特点,开展多种形式的心理健康教育以及消除职业环境的不良影响.     

重庆市贫困人口归因方式和心理健康的相关研究

目的探讨重庆市贫困人口归因方式和心理健康的特点及其关系。方法采用贫困归因问卷、症状自评量表(SCL-90)对961名进城务工贫困人口进行问卷测评。结果贫困归因表上的因子得分从高到低依次为负担命运、个人能力、社会制度、地理环境、个人家庭;不同年龄、性别和文化水平的贫困人口在贫困归因上有差异。SCL-90总分大于160分的贫困人口为274人,心理问题检出率为30.1%;SCL-90量表中除人际关系敏感外,其余所有因子的得分均高于中国常模;不同年龄贫困人口的SCL-90总分有差异;高分组、低分组在贫困归因的个人家庭和地理环境2个因子上有差异。SCL-90总分与贫困归因量表中的社会制度、个人家庭和地理环境3个因子呈正相关。结论贫困人口的心理健康水平低于普通人群。贫困人口将贫困归因于负担命运、个人能力和社会制度3个方面。     

部队医院住院官兵应对方式、社会支持与心理健康状况的调查研究

目的:探讨部队医院住院官兵的心理健康状况与应对方式、社会支持的关系。方法:应用90项症状清单(SCL-90)、应对方式问卷(SCSQ)和社会支持量表(SSRS)对508名部队医院住院官兵进行调查。结果:①部队医院住院官兵SCL-90总分及各因子分与军人常模比较存在显著差异(t=2.154～12.782,P<0.05或0.01),提示其总体心理健康状况较差;②部队医院住院官兵的消极应对与SCL-90各因子呈显著正相关,而积极应对仅同焦虑、躯体化和人际敏感因子有相关性;社会支持各因子及总分与SCL-90各因子呈显著负相关(P<0.05或0.01);③自责、幻想、退避、主观支持、疾病合并症、婚恋和家庭结构是影响部队医院住院官兵心理健康的最重要因素(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:部队医院住院官兵存在社会支持和应对方式问题,并且影响到其心理健康状况。     

高职院校学生心理健康状况调查及应对方式分析

目的:了解专科院校大学生的心理健康状况、心理问题的主要类型以及应对方式对心理健康的影响。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)及特质应对问卷对两所专科院校3 867名不同专业大学生进行调查。结果:本次调查对象SCL-90的总均分及人际敏感、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性等因子分高于全国青年常模,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);SCL-90的总均分及其因子分与积极应对方式呈负相关(P<0.01),与消极应对方式呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:专科院校大学生心理健康状况不容乐观;积极应对方式有利于保持心理健康,而消极应对方式则对心理健康造成不良影响,学校应采取有针对性的心理健康教育措施,以提高学生心理健康水平。     

在航渔民烟酒嗜好与相关疾病

目的:探讨20～50岁渔民吸烟和饮酒嗜好与相关疾病的关系。方法:调查54例20～50岁渔民既往疾病史、进行体格检查,并采用Russell吸烟原因问卷、酒精依赖性疾患识别测验问卷AUDIT-I和AUDIT-Ⅱ进行检测,对所患的疾病、吸烟饮酒的数量和问卷结果进行统计学分析。结果:渔民组吸烟和饮酒的比率、年限、消费的数量及对烟酒的依赖远较对照组高(P<0.01～0.001);高血压、肝炎的发生率较对照组明显增高(P<0.02～0.0001)。患肝肿大、溃疡与吸烟之间,及患肝炎、肝硬化、肥胖、溃疡病与饮酒间呈明显相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:渔民是吸烟饮酒群体,吸烟饮酒相关疾病的发生率明显增高。普及医学、心理卫生知识是纠正其烟酒嗜好的有效方法。     

Does a blood alcohol level of 0.15 or more identify accurately problem drinkers in a drink-driver population?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.15 or more identifies accurately problem drinking in an apprehended drinking driver. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytic study of 86 drink drivers ("diagnostic test study"). SETTING: St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, drink-driver education programme. SUBJECTS: Men aged between 18-25 years, applying for relicensing after disqualification, who were participants at 10 consecutive drink-driver education courses conducted in early 1987. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reports of the amount of alcohol consumed and the amount of money spent on alcohol per week, the standard Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) score and the blood alcohol level at apprehension. The first three measures were used as reference standards for alcohol-related problems, against which the blood alcohol level was compared. MAJOR RESULTS: Scatter plots of BAC against amount consumed, amount spent and the MAST scores showed that a large proportion of the heaviest drinkers were not identified by the BAC. Log-transformed correlation coefficients were: for amount spent v. amount consumed, r = 0.73; for MAST score v. amount consumed, r = 0.52, and for MAST score v. amount spent r = 0.53. Correlating the BAC with the log of the MAST score gave r = 0.21, BAC with log of the amount consumed, r = 0.20, and BAC with log of the amount spent, r = 0.15. Comparing a BAC of 0.15 or more with a MAST score of greater than or equal to 5, we obtained a sensitivity of 0.36, a specificity of 0.76, a positive predictive value of 0.86, and a negative predictive value of 0.23. The prevalence of heavy drinking as measured by the MAST score was 0.80. CONCLUSION: A blood alcohol concentration of 0.15 or more identifies only a third of the problem drinkers in this sample of drink drivers. Although it selected a group of drinkers with alcohol-related problems, it missed most of the problem drinkers and did not reliably identify the heaviest drinkers.     

酒精依赖患者述情障碍的对照研究

目的：探讨酒精依赖患者的述情障碍特征,并与健康对照者进行比较分析。方法选取酒精依赖患者34例,健康对照者35例,应用密西根酒精依赖调查表（ MAST）、多伦多述情障碍量表（ TAS）评定酒精依赖患者的饮酒状况及两组的述情障碍状况。结果（1）与饮酒有关问题中重度者32例,占患者总数的94.12％;（2） TAS总分、酒精依赖患者的描述情感的能力（因子Ⅰ）,认识、区别情绪和躯体感受的能力（因子Ⅱ）及外向型思维（因子Ⅳ）评分显著高于对照组（ P＜0.05）;（3） TAS 总分及其因子Ⅰ、因子Ⅱ评分与 MAST 总分及其工作、社会问题（因子2）、婚姻家庭问题（因子4）均呈正相关（ P＜0.05）;（4） TAS总分及其各因子分影响因素的回归分析：外向型思维因子Ⅳ＝26.512－0.819×日均饮酒量。结论酒精依赖患者存在突出的述情障碍,应引起特别关注。     

Drinking pattern and its relation to hemoglobin concentration in local brew consumers from the Kathmandu Region

The study was conducted to determine the hemoglobin concentration in alcohol consumers （home made brewChang） and compare it with nonalcoholics healthy subjects. Hemoglobin （Hb） concentration was determined in 2053 alcobolic consumers （ males ： 1056 ; females： 997） and was compared with 1 027 （ males ： 623 ; females ： 404） healthy non-alcoholic control subjects. The Hb concentration in alcoholic male and female were 13.42 ±2.14 g/dL and 12.19 ± 1.55 g/dL compared with control showing 14.43 ±1.07 g/dL and 12.73 ± 1.41 g/dL in males and females respectively. The differences in Hb concentration between alcoholic and non- alcoholic consumers were highly significant in both genders with a P value of 0.000 674 in males and 0.004 732 in females. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification test （AUDIT） scores was advocated to alcoholic consumers to test the severity of drunkenness and disorders related to it. A total of 887 males and 663 females crossed the cut-off limits of ≥8 AUDIT scores showing the addiction towards drinking habits of local brew.     

大亚湾地区海岛渔民与大陆汉族冠心病患者临床特点及冠状动脉病变的对比分析

目的:探讨大亚湾地区海岛渔民与大陆汉族冠心病(CAD)患者临床特点及冠状动脉病变的差异。方法:选择性回顾2010年3月～2012年3月,在我院接受治疗的大亚湾地区CAD患者200例,其中当地海岛渔民100例,大陆汉族100例。对比分析两组病例的临床特点和冠状动脉病变特征。结果:吸烟、饮酒以及血脂异常是大亚湾地区海岛渔民冠心病患者主要危险因素,OR值分别达到3.69、2.83和2.59,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);男性、吸烟以及饮酒冠心病比率分别达到66.0%、42.0%和57.0%,显著高于大陆汉族冠心病患者(P<0.05),女性、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、以及血脂异常渔民比率均显著低于大陆组(P<0.05);TG为2.47±0.73(mmol/L),显著高于大陆组(P<0.05);HDL-C为0.89±0.32(mmol/L),显著低于大陆组(P<0.05);单支病变例率为70.0%,显著高于大陆组(P<0.05),多支病变例数为30.0%,显著低于大陆组(P<0.05);LCX部位病变率为30.0%,显著高于大陆组(P<0.05),而LAD部位病变率为32.0%,显著低于大陆组(P<0.05)。结论:与大陆汉族比较大亚湾地区海岛渔民的主要危险因素是吸烟、饮酒和以TG升高以及HDL-C为主的血脂异常,其临床特点为男性患者比例高,肥胖、高血压和糖尿病发生率低,冠状动脉病变主要为单支为主,受累部位主要为左前降支和左回旋支,提示冠心病的危险因素及其临床特征及冠状动脉病变特点可能具有地域性差异。     

Alcohol Screening Questionnaires in Women: A Critical Review

Objective.— To describe the performance of alcohol screening questionnaires in female patients. Data Sources.— We searched MEDLINE from 1966 to July 1997 for alcoholism or alcohol-drinking and for CAGE, AUDIT, BMAST, TWEAK, T-ACE, MAST, SMAST, or SAAST; Citations Indexes for newer screening questionnaires and those without acronyms; and MEDLINE from 1996 to July 1997 for alcoholism or alcohol-drinking and screening. Study Selection and Data Extraction.— Reviewed studies presented data for women comparing brief alcohol screening questionnaires with valid criterion standards for heavy drinking (2 drinks per day) or alcohol abuse or dependence in US general clinical populations. Sensitivities, specificities, and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were extracted. Data Synthesis.— Thirteen articles (9 studies) were reviewed. The CAGE questionnaire had AUROCs of 0.84 to 0.92 for alcohol abuse and dependence in predominantly black populations of women, but using the traditional cut point of 2 or more resulted in low sensitivities (38%-50%) in predominantly white female populations. The TWEAK and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaires had high AUROCs (0.87-0.93) for past-year alcohol abuse or dependence in black or white women, but had sensitivities less than 80% at traditional cut points. For detecting heavy drinking, the AUDIT questionnaire had AUROCs of at least 0.87 in female primary care patients. The TWEAK and T-ACE questionnaires had higher AUROCs (0.84-0.87) than the CAGE questionnaire (0.76-0.78) for detecting heavy drinking before pregnancy was recognized in black obstetric patients. Conclusions.— The CAGE questionnaire was relatively insensitive in predominantly white female populations. The TWEAK and AUDIT questionnaires have performed adequately in black or white women, using lower cut points than usual.      

酒精所致精神障碍相关因素研究

目的:探讨酒精所致精神障碍的相关因素,为临床干预提供依据。方法:对64例酒精所致精神障碍患者(病例组)的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并将其脑电图检查结果与64名正常体检者(对照组)的脑电图进行对比分析。结果:病例组脑电图异常率为37.5%,对照组为10.9%,差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。年龄、饮酒时间、饮酒剂量与酒精所致精神障碍发生率呈正相关,而与发病年龄呈负相关。结论:酒精所致精神障碍的大脑损害发生率高。且饮酒年龄、饮酒时间及日饮酒量是影响酒精所致精神障碍的主要危险因素。     

饮酒对全麻患者术后早期认知功能的影响

目的 研究饮酒对全麻患者术后早期认知功能的影响.方法 采用神经心理学测试技术简易智力状态检查(MMSE)对40例长期大量饮酒者和40例匹配的正常对照者于术前1天及术后第3天评定认知功能,通过MMSE分值的变化来评价手术前后认知功能的改变及2组间的差异.结果 饮酒组术后早期MMSE值低于对照组(P＜0.05);饮酒组术后早期认知功能障碍(POCD)的发生率为37.5%,明显高于对照组的10.0%(P＜0.05).结论 长期大量饮酒对全麻患者术后早期认知功能损害起促进作用.     

Age of drinking onset and unintentional injury involvement after drinking

CONTEXT: In 1997, unintentional injury was the leading cause of death for persons aged 1 to 34 years. Approximately one third of deaths due to unintentional injury in the United States are estimated to be alcohol related. Onset of drinking at an early age has been found to be associated with alcohol dependence, but whether early-onset drinking increases risk for unintentional injury while drinking is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether persons who started drinking at an early age are more likely to have experienced unintentional injuries while under the influence of alcohol. DESIGN AND SETTING: The National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiology Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 1992 of a representative sample of the US population. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 42,862 randomly selected adults (response rate, 90%; mean age, 44 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Unintentional injury involvement while under the influence of alcohol by age of drinking onset (categorized as <14 years, each age from 14-20 years, or >/=21 years). RESULTS: Relative to respondents who began drinking at age 21 years or older, those who started before age 14 years as well as those who started at each intervening age up to 21 years were significantly more likely to have been injured while under the influence of alcohol, even after controlling for history of alcohol dependence, heavy drinking frequency during the period that they drank most, family history of alcoholism, and other characteristics associated with earlier onset of drinking. After adjusting for these variables, odds ratios for having been injured while under the influence of alcohol were as follows: for younger than 14 years, 2.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.29-3.89); age 14 years, 2.96 (95% CI, 2.26-3.88); age 15 years, 3.14 (95% CI, 2.48-3.97); age 16 years, 2.38 (95% CI, 1.90-2.98); age 17 years, 2.12 (95% CI, 1.66-2.71); age 18 years, 1. 33 (95% CI, 1.08-1.64); age 19 years, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.07-1.89); and age 20 years, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.01-1.91). CONCLUSION: Drinking onset at ages younger than 21 years is associated with having experienced alcohol-related injuries. JAMA. 2000;284:1527-1533