噪声接触与神经行为功能关系的meta分析

目的综合分析噪声对神经行为功能改变的效应关系,取得敏感性行为指标.方法采用meta分析对国内1994～2003年发表的有关噪声与神经行为关系的文献进行汇总、归纳和定量综合分析.结果各项行为指标得分接触组与对照组差异显著,行为效应大小均大于0.2.结论噪声接触可引起认知能力、情感及心理运动能力的改变.目标追踪、简单反应时、紧张、数字跨度和疲劳是较敏感的指标.     

环境汞污染对居民行为功能的影响

本文采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合方法，对空气汞浓度不同的两区非职业性汞接触的农民进行了神经行为功能的测试。结果是：行为功能测试指标中的简单反应时、数字译码、数字广度等测试值两区均有极显著性差异。结果提示：长期生活在空气汞浓度为０．００１７ｍｇ／ｍ￣３以上的居民，其行为功能可受到明显的影响。因此，行为功能测试可作为汞污染区非汞作业人群健康监护的重要指标。     

职业性汞接触对作业工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨汞对人体神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合,于2009年9月对60名汞作业工人和60名对照人员进行神经行为功能测试。结果接触组在情感状态、简单反应时、数字跨度、视觉保留及数字译码、手提转捷度较对照组均有显著变化。结论汞接触可导致工人神经行为功能明显降低,神经行为功能测试可用于汞作业的早期评价指标。     

汞接触者行为毒理学评价方法的探讨

本文综合有关文献后提出包含八项神经行为测试组合,对35名金属汞接触者及其对照组进行了神经行为和若干实验室指标测试及多类判别分析等统计处理。结果发现,汞接触者在临床、实验室指标未发现异常下,神经行为已出现改变:认识功能尤其是记忆力、注意力方面,还有手工操作敏捷度、手运动速度方面均明显下降。在情感方面表现为厌烦、易疲劳。我们认为汞接触者行为功能测试可以作为汞中毒早期评价指标,其指标组合以本顿视觉保留测试、简单反应时及数字广度为佳。     

用Meta法分析锰接触与神经行为功能关系

目的：为研究职业性接触锰对神经行为功能改变的效应关系,取得敏感性的行为指标。方法：用Ｍｅｔａ－ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ法的随机效应模型对各研究结果进行数量化的综合分析。结果：经合并后显示,接触组各行为指标的得分与对照组差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,除有力外,行为效应大小（ｄ）均大于０．２。结论：表明锰可引起认知能力、情感及心理运动能力的改变。紧张、抑郁、疲劳、注意力、反应速度、视及听觉记忆力是较敏感的指标。     

铝作业工人神经行为功能的研究

目的 探讨铝作业工人神经行为功能的改变及其接触水平－效应关系。方法 采用WHO推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（NCTB）对某铝厂65名电解工人和52名对照工人进行测试分析，同时测定其血清铝、尿铝浓度。结果 血清铝、尿铝浓度接触组明显高于对照组。除视觉保留外，铝接触工人的大部分测试标准分均低于对照组，提示其在情感状态、注意力、听记忆、运动每捷度与准确性方面已有显著改变。且血清铝浓度与数字跨度、提转敏捷度及情感状态标准分间均存在负相关。结论 职业性铝接触可影响工人正常的神经行为功能，血清铝浓度与神经行为功能间可能存在一定接触水平－效应关系。NCTB测试可考虑作为铝作业工人健康监护的早期敏感指标。     

汞作业工人神经行为功能的研究

对某金矿工人１９９人（对照组１０８人）进行的神经行为功能研究表明：接触组情绪状况得分（除有力－好动一项）和其余各项行为学指标得分均低于对照组。且随接触汞浓度增加，大多数行为功能得分呈递减趋势。在较低汞浓度接触组（平均为０．０１１４ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）神经行为功能得分明显低于对照组。尿汞含量〈４９．８５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ的汞作业工人神经行为异常人数明显高于对照组。提示：长期职业接触汞蒸气在未引起明显的临床损害之     

氟接触工人神经行为功能的研究

目的 探讨氟接触工人神经行为功能的改变及其接触水平-效应关系。方法 采用WHO推荐的神经行为功能测试组合（NCTB）对某铝厂65名电解工人和52名对照工人进行测试分析,同时测定其血清氟、尿氟浓度。结果 血清氟,尿氟浓度接触组明显高于对照组。除视觉保留外,氟接触工人的各贡测试标准分均低于对照组,除视觉保留,数字译码外,血清氟浓度与NCTB各项测试间均存在明显负相关。结论 职业性氟接触可影响工人正常的神经行为功能,血清氟浓度与神经行为功能间可能存在一定接触水平-效应关系。NCTB测试可考虑作为氟接触工人健康监护的早期敏感指标。     

噪声对纺织女工神经行为功能影响的研究

本文采用ＷＨＯ推荐的“神经行为核心测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ）”对纺织女工进行了测试，并从接触水平─效应的角度进行了探讨。结果表明，噪声接触组与对照组在情绪、简单反应时、数字跨度、数字译码、Ｂｅｎｔｏｎ视觉记忆、目标追踪Ⅱ方面有显著性差异。而且，噪声对纺织女工机体的神经行为影响，存在着一定的接触水平－效应关系。     

职业性接汞对神经行为功能的影响

对５６名无症状的接触汞工人进行了神经行为功能测试。结果表明：接触组的数字跨度、提转捷度、数字译码、视觉保留以及情感状态的有力－好动项得分明显低于对照组；简单反应时的各项指标匀较对照组慢；而情感状态的疲惫惰性项、因惑－迷茫项得分高于对照组。提示汞对接触者的损伤主要表现为运动直辖市能力、记忆力、反应能力及情感状态的改变。     

低浓度汞对神经行为功能影响的性别差异

目的了解低浓度汞接触对不同性别机体行为功能影响的差异,为制订有效的防护策略提供依据。方法选择汞作业工人６６人（其中女性４３人）为接触组,另选无汞接触史的健康者８６人（其中女性４０人）为对照组,采用ＷＨＯ推荐的神经行为核心方法作功能测试。结果女性在注意力及反映速度、听记忆、感知－运动速度等方面受汞的影响较男性敏感,而男性在视感知方面易受损。结论在劳动保护方面应男女各有侧重,尤其应注意接汞女工的健康监护。     

中国职业性汞暴露对女工生殖功能影响的Meta分析

目的 综合分析职业性汞暴露对女工生殖功能的影响,筛选汞暴露的敏感生殖效应指标.方法 运用计算机和手工检索收集1989-2006年间国内发表的关于职业性汞暴露与女工生殖功能关系的文献,经严格筛选后,应用Rev Man软件对入选文献的研究结果进行一致性检验并采用相应的数学模型进行数据合并,采用Meta分析合并RR值作为各项目的 总效应指标.结果 纳入14篇文献(暴露组2148人,对照组2044人),与对照组比较,职业性汞暴露与女性月经经期(RR=1.82,95% CI:1.45～2.30)、月经周期(RR=2.03,95% CI:1.74～2.37)、月经量的改变(RR=2.06,95% CI:1.47～2.09)、痛经(RR=2.14,95% CI:1.54～2.99)、妊娠高血压(RR=2.17,95% CI:1.32～3.57)、死产死胎(RR=2.54,95% CI:1.41～4.56)及女工子代低体重出生(RR=3.39,95% CI:1.38～8.33)和出生缺陷(RR=2.67,95% CI:1.55～4.60)等的正相关有显著的统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 职业性汞暴露可以引起女工月经经期、周期和经量改变,增加痛经,同时还会影响妊娠及其子代发育,表现为增加妊娠高血压和死产死胎的发生,并导致其子代低体重和发生出生缺陷.     

Evaluation of the effects on the nervous system from exposure to low concentrations of mercury in employees manufacturing fluorescent lights

In order to evaluate the effects of low inorganic mercury concentrations on workers employed in the manufacture of fluorescent lamps, a stratified sample of workers was selected at random and assigned to three groups according to the level of exposure. In all three groups, the urinary mercury values were within the normal range for unexposed population. Among the indicators of effect the simple reaction times test showed statistically significant differences between the three groups. Also "state anxiety" and "trait anxiety", investigated by the S.T.A.I. questionnaires, differed between the unexposed group and the other two. A positive correlation was found between simple reaction times and the state and trait anxiety scores in the whole sample and in the subsample of women. Moreover, the prevalence of symptoms related to low mercury exposure, collected by a questionnaire, was higher in the two exposed groups. Due to the absence of group-differences for the urinary mercury levels, interpretation of the results is cumbersome. On the one hand it cannot be ruled out that the unexposed group (mainly white collar workers) had some characteristics which could explain the difference in the simple reaction times test and in anxiety. Conversely, if a true mercury effect does indeed exist, the similarity of the performance between the second and third groups (both consisting of exposed blue collar workers) could be explained if we assume that the high turn-over inside the factory could have caused a similar previous exposure to mercury vapours.     

低水平铅暴露对印刷厂工人神经行为的影响评价

为评价低水平铅暴露对神经行为的影响，用世界卫生组织推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（ＮＣＴＢ）方法对２８名印刷厂排字工人和４６名大学三年级学生进行测试。测试项目包括：（１）情感状态，（２）简单反应时，（３）数字跨度，（４）手敏捷度，（５）数字译码，（６）视觉保留。测试结果表明在所有的测试项目中，未见两组间得分有显著性差异。多元逐步回归分析提示在很低暴露水平情况下，铅与神经行为得分间存在联系     

锰的累积接触水平与神经行为功能改变的剂量-效应关系

旨在探讨锰的累积暴露水平与神经行为改变之间的剂量效应关系。对１３９名锰铁冶炼工人和９３名电焊工人进行了研究。研究内容包括空气锰采样测定和神经行为功能测定;同时依据空气锰浓度和接触工龄计算出累积接触指数。相关分析发现神经行为功能改变与累积接触水平之间存在剂量效应关系。     

Psychological performance and long-term exposure to mercury vapors

In a cross-sectional study the psychological test performances of a group of 36 male chlorine-alkali workers were compared with the level of exposure to mercury and to the corresponding results of referents. The mercury exposure had lasted for at least 10 years and had been controlled by regular health examinations and urine analyses. Several dose indicators were calculated. The more heavily exposed workers performed more poorly on the verbal intelligence test (Similarities) than the referents did. Impairments in the memory tests showed a statistically significant correlation with the actual exposure level, especially with the actual concentration of mercury in blood. The monitoring of mercury in blood can be useful in health surveillance programs. The level of mercury in the air was calculated from the dose indicators. The results support the recommended exposure limit of 25 micrograms/m3 for metallic mercury vapor in the air as a level avoiding adverse effects in exposed workers.     

Methylmercury exposure affects motor performance of a riverine population of the Tapajós river, Brazilian Amazon

Gold mining and deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon are increasing mercury pollution of the extensive water system, exposing riverine populations to organic mercury through fish-eating. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of such exposure on motor performance. This cross-sectional study was carried out in May 1996, in a village located on the banks of the Tapajós river in the Amazonian Basin, Brazil. Information concerning sociodemographics, health, smoking habits, alcohol drinking, dietary habits and work history were collected using an interview-administered questionnaire. Mercury concentrations were measured by cold vapor atomic absorption in blood and hair of each participant, of whom those aged between 15 and 79 years were assessed for motor performance (n=84). Psychomotor performance was evaluated using the Santa Ana manual dexterity test, the Grooved Pegboard Fine motor test and the fingertapping motor speed test. Motor strength was measured by dynamometry for grip and pinch strength. Following the exclusion of 16 persons for previous head injury, working with mercury in the gold-mining sites, or for diabetes, the relationship between performance and bioindicators of mercury was examined using multivariate statistical analyses, taking into account covariables. All participants in the study reported eating fish, which comprised 61.8% of the total meals eaten during the preceding week. The median hair total mercury concentration was 9 μg/g. Organic mercury accounted for 94.4 ± 1.9% of the total mercury levels. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that hair mercury was inversely associated with overall performance on the psychomotor tests, while a tendency was observed with blood mercury. Semipartial regression analyses showed that hair total mercury accounted for 8% to 16% of the variance of psychomotor performance. Neither hair nor blood total mercury was associated with the results of the strength tests in women and men. Although dose-effect relationships were observed in this cross-sectional study, they may reflect higher exposure levels in the past. The findings of this study demonstrated neurobehavioral manifestations of subtle neurotoxic effects on motor functions, associated with low-level methylmercury exposure. Received: 10 December 1998 / Accepted: 2 November 1999     

低浓度金属汞危害的职业流行病学研究

在控制影响评估的混杂和／或干扰因素和规定了相应的各变量和判别标准,对五个地区６个生产体温计和荧光灯管工厂进行了十余年的作业环境空气汞蒸气和检测,以及历年的职业健康监护结果,与相应的对照工人作比较;讨论了金属汞接触水平与汞危害（包括女工月经和生殖结局）之间关系。主要结果表明;接汞水平相当于０．０３ｍｇ／ｍ＾３,尿汞水平低于０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ,长期接触后轻度汞中毒的发生率为１．９％,不致引起女工月经和生     

Fish consumption, advisory awareness, and hair mercury levels among women of childbearing age

The Wisconsin Division of Public Health and the State of Maine Bureau of Health collaborated on a 12 state mercury awareness project. The primary goals of this initiative were to evaluate mercury sport fishing advisory awareness among women of childbearing age and assess the methylmercury exposure among this subpopulation. The project, which was conducted between December 1998 and December 1999, involved a randomized telephone survey of 3015 women of childbearing age and hair mercury analyses for a subset of 414 women. While 92% of these women had consumed fish or shellfish during the past year, less than one third (29%) of them had eaten any sport-caught fish. More than two thirds of the women who consumed sportfish were not aware that their state had issued fish consumption guidelines to protect against methylmercury exposure. Hair mercury levels ranged from 0.005 to 4.62 ppm and were positively correlated with recent fish consumption rates (P<0.0001). Women who ate sport-caught fish did not have significantly higher hair mercury levels than others (mean 0.51 vs. 0.48 ppm). Among women who ate sportfish, advisory awareness had no effect on their mercury exposure. Demographic indicators associated with higher hair mercury levels included residence in northeastern USA, marital status of married, college education, annual household income greater than $75,000, and Asian race.