Lupus vulgaris of external nose

Lupus vulgaris is the commonest form of cutaneous tuberculosis which commonly involve trunk and buttocks. Lupus vulgaris affecting nose and face, are rarely reported in India. This study reports an unusual case of lupus vulgaris involving the external nose that showed dramatic outcome after six months of anti- tubercular treatment.     

Subcutaneous granuloma of the cheek an unusual case report and review of literature

With the increase in prevalence of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, it has become imperative for clinicians to review their knowledge of unusual presentations of mycobacterial infections. Tuberculous involvement of the subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle is rare. Apart from tuberculous lymphadenitis, diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis may be difficult. We present here a case of tuberculous granuloma of the cheek — an unusual presentation in ENT practice     

Lupus of the upper respiratory tract

Lupus is a form of chronic tuberculous infection which can be differentiated from tuberculosis only on clinical grounds. Lupus is very rarefy found in the present era. A 10 year mule child was diagnosed as a case of lupus on clinical and pathological examination     

Tuberculous biliary strictures: Uncommon cause of obstructive jaundice

Tuberculous biliary stricture is a very rare cause of obstructive jaundice. A case of a man who had had pulmonary tuberculosis 20 years ago is reported. He now presented with obstructive jaundice due to multiple strictures just below the confluence of the hepatic ducts and in the right hepatic duct. At surgery these turned out to be tuberculous in origin. There was also tuberculous involvement of the gall bladder and cystic duct. The commonest differential diagnosis in such cases is cholangiocarcinoma (as in the present case). Imaging helps in defining the extent of bile duct obstruction. Suspicion of the disease and establishing a tissue diagnosis is very important in treating this potentially curable condition, especially with the worldwide resurgence of tuberculosis.     

Tuberculous otitis media-are we missing it ?

Tuberculosis of the middle ear it a rare disease. Due to change in the typical clinical pattern and decrease in incidence, there is a delayed or missed diagnosis and can lead to increased morbidity. We pretent 5 cases of Tuberculous Otitis Media treated over a period of 2 years, highlighting the fact that it must be considered as a differential diagnosis of persistent suppurative otitis media.     

Tuberculous otitis media

A case of tuberculous otitis media is being reported. It is a rare infectious disease and remains undiagnosed or confused with other acute or chronic middle ear infections, if appropriate diagnostic studies are not performed. Due to the confusion in the diagnosis of this disease, mild to severe complications develop early.     

Composite pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma: Report of a rare case

Tuberculous involvement of the pituitary gland is rare. We report a unique case of a composite lesion consisting of pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma. A 24-year-old lady presented with features of acromegaly and amenorrhea. Serum growth hormone levels were found to be raised. Radiological investigations were consistent with a pituitary adenoma. Decompression of the lesion was done through trans-sphenoidal approach. Histological examination revealed a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma in association with a granulomatous lesion suggesting of pituitary tuberculoma. No other evidence of tuberculosis was found in the brain or spinal cord. This type of dual pathology has been reported only once in the earlier literature.     

Thymus tuberculosis poorly responding to anti-mycobacterial therapy in a young girl with primary infection

Tuberculous infection of the thymus is a rare condition, previously described only in young adults. A case of a young girl with primary pulmonary tuberculosis, hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement and a partially necrotic mass in antero-superior mediastinum is described. Treatment with three anti-mycobacterial drugs was started, effective in markedly reducing all the intrathoracic abnormalities with the exception of the antero-superior mediastinal mass. Since the radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of the thymus tuberculous infection may be indistinguishable from other serious conditions, including lymphoma and thymoma, a diagnostic procedure was performed. Evaluation of the resected specimen showed foci of caseation and multiple granulomas with extensive central necrosis within the thymic tissue.     

Percutaneous drainage of tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses under image guidance

Most intra-abdominal and other types of fluid collections are now successfully drained percutaneously under image guidance. The utility of percutaneous drainage of tuberculous abscesses, especially those associated with osseous changes, is, however, less well established. Six patients with tuberculous iliopsoas abscesses were successfully managed by percutaneous drainage combined with antituberculous therapy. The abscesses were bilateral in one patient and unilateral in the other five. Drainage was by needle aspiration under ultrasound (US) guidance in one patient, and by catheter under CT guidance in the other patients. Three patients had associated osseous changes. There were no procedural complications. Tuberculous iliopsoas abscess can be successfully treated by percutaneous drainage and appropriate antituberculous therapy.     

Magnetic resonance appearance of tuberculosis of the knee joint with ruptured Baker's cyst

After the spine, the knee joint is the most commonly affected joint in skeletal tuberculosis. Baker's cyst is a rather rare complication of knee joint tuberculosis. The plain radiographic appearance of the tuberculous knee joint has been amply described. We present the magnetic resonance appearance of a tuberculous knee joint associated with a ruptured popliteal cyst.     

A case of colonic carcinoma associated with intestinal tuberculosis, and an analysis of 26 cases reported in Japan

A case of tuberculosis and adenocarcinoma co-existing in the ileocecal region in a 61-yr-old woman is described. The Japanese literature is reviewed and several points discussed regarding the epidemiological and morphological features in a colon carcinoma associated with tuberculosis. (1) Females predominate by a ratio of 17:9 in such cases. (2) The tumor has been found in the right side of the colon in 17 out of 26 cases. (3) The most characteristic histological finding is that of the cancer, which shows a well differentiated adenocarcinoma with a tendency to produce a mucin. These unique findings are consistent with those in our case. It is of interest that these unique findings may support the possibility that the cancer originated from a tuberculous lesion.     

Chronic suppurative otitis media in school going children

The morbidity and mortality associated with otitis media is really a challenge for the health care systems. This study is a small attempt to look into the magnitude of this problem in the society, where in school going children in Yavatmal city were studied. A total of 4104 students were studied. It was found that the overall prevalence of chronic suppurative otitis media in Yavatmal city is 3%. The incidence of acute otitis media was found to be 1.3% Chronic suppurative otitis media was commoner in students belonging to low socioeconomic strata and its association with adenoid hypertrophy was statistically significant. The authors recommend that a few more such studies should be carried out in different parts of the country to collect vital data for the health care system managers. Suppurative otitis media, school children, Yavatmal city.     

Benign mixed tumour (pleomorphic adenoma) of the nasal cavity

Lupus vulgaris which is a mucocutaneous form of Tuberculosis is not an uncommon condi-tion. But the disease resulting in excessive destruction is rare today. We report a case of lupus vulgaris which almost completely destroyed the nose.     

Septoplasty in children

Nasal Septal deviation, produces nasal airway obstruction symptom including its associated problems such as congestion, crusting, epistaxis, sinus and nasal respiratory infections. Eustachian tube and middle ear functions are also affected and at times, resulting in secretory and/or suppurative otitis media. Effective septal correction by septoplasty, not only alleviates the airway-obstruction but also controls the associated symptoms. Septoplasty in childhood does not produce any untoward events in terms of the growth and development of the nose and face. Although deviation of the septum has a tendency to recur after surgery, results of septoplasty is fairly satisfactory in children.     

Acute otitis media in neonatal life: a review

Acute otitis media is frequently encountered by general practitioners and pediatricians. In the neonatal period acute otitis media may present as an isolated local infection or as part of septicemia. Diagnosis of the condition by otoscopy is difficult. Considering the wide spectrum of middle ear disorders (acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media) one can appreciate why opinions on the management of the condition are diverse. This is a review of the literature on clinical presentation, etiology, risk factors, treatment and prevention of acute otitis media in neonatal life.     

Acute Otitis Media in Neonatal Life: A Review

Abstract

Acute otitis media is frequently encountered by general practitioners and pediatricians. In the neonatal period acute otitis media may present as an isolated local infection or as part of septicemia. Diagnosis of the condition by otoscopy is difficult. Considering the wide spectrum of middle ear disorders (acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, chronic suppurative otitis media) one can appreciate why opinions on the management of the condition are diverse. This is a review of the literature on clinical presentation, etiology, risk factors, treatment and prevention of acute otitis media in neonatal life.     

Pneumocephalus presenting as a complication of chronic otitis media — a case report

Pneumocephalus secondary to chronic otitis media is an extremely rare phenomenon. Despite its rarity, the sequelae of intracranial air associated with otitis media may be grave if misdiagnosed. In this report a case of pneumocephalus following chronic mastoid infection is presented and the possible mechanism, diagnostic measures and the management is discussed.     

Ulcer of the tongue as a presenting feature of pulmonary tuberculosis

Oral tuberculosis is very rare and when present they are usually secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculous lesions of the tongue have become so infrequent that they are virtually a forgotten disease entity and may pose a diagnostic problem. The case reported in this paper emphasizes the importance of including tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of any chronic oral ulcer. The low number of oral infections by M. tuberculosis could be due to underreporting.     

Two Cases of Congenital Cholesteatoma of the Tympanic Membrane

Congenital cholesteatoma of the tympanic membrane is rare, and lesions without a history of otitis media or any other adverse events involving the tympanic membrane are extremely rare. We report two cases of this lesion; one was a 3-year-old girl who underwent removal of a cholesteatoma using retroauricular approach and a partial myringoplasty with an underlay technique, and the other was a 2-year-old girl in whom a cholesteatoma was enucleated without grafting. This disease is thought to be of embryonic origin.