激素性股骨头缺血坏死发病机制的实验研究

作者进行了实验性激素性股骨头缺血性坏死的发病机制研究。６４只白兔分为两组，实验组４８只，每周皮下注射醋酸氢化可的松８ｍｇ／ｋｇ；对照组１６只，每周皮下注射生理盐水０．３２ｍｇ／ｋｇ。两组动物同样条件下喂养。结果显示：激素药物能引起股骨头骨细胞发生脂肪变性和坏死，小血管脂肪栓塞。肥大的骨髓内脂肪细胞压迫股骨头内小静脉引起毛细血管液瘀滞。毛细血管生长和再生受抑制。     

激素性股骨头坏死的临床特征分析

激素性股骨头坏死的临床特征分析交通部北戴河疗养院（０６６１００）马玉堂我院自１９８８年９月至１９９３年１２月间，共收治激素性股骨头缺血性坏死９６３例，本文就其临床特征作一分析。一般资料本组９６３例，男７３０例，女２３３例，男女之比约为３：１；年龄为１...     

基于股骨头坏死数据库分析激素性股骨头坏死的发病特征

目的分析激素性股骨头坏死的发病特征,为激素性股骨头坏死的早期预防和诊断提供参考。方法利用股骨头坏死数据库,回顾性分析2014年1月至2017年12月住院治疗的激素性股骨头坏死患者,提取患者的基本信息(性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、BMI值)、疾病情况(发病部位、病程、严重程度、中医证型、首次就诊医院等级)、使用激素情况(原发病、使用时间、药品名称、药物方法、每日使用量、每日使用次数)等相关资料进行归纳分析。结果共纳入股骨头坏死患者1 062例,其中激素性股骨头坏死患者471例,最终纳入438例。激素性股骨头坏死的发病特征为:(1)患者主要基本情况:女性271例(61.87%);年龄在51～60岁的患者223例(50.91%);职业为农民的患者224例(51.14%);初中文化程度的患者123例(28.08%); BMI值大多在正常范围内的患者327例(74.66%)。(2)疾病情况:双侧发病的患者314例(71.69%);病程≤3个月的患者163例(37.21%); ARCO分期多属中晚期,其中ARCOⅢ期患者168例(38.36%);首次就诊在一级医院的患者187例(42.69%)。(3)使用激素情况:原发病中自身免疫性疾病的患者189例(43.15%);使用波尼松的患者162例(36.97%);使用激素时间≥2年以上的患者112例(25.57%);药物用法中口服患者171例(39.04%);每日使用激素含量10～20 mg以内的患者127例(29.0%);每日使用激素两次的患者128例(29.23%)。结论激素性股骨头坏死发病特征主要为:41～60岁的有原发病史的女性重体力劳动者,初中及以下文化程度为主,62.10%的患者专科医院就诊时已为ARCOⅢ、Ⅳ期,使用激素史≥1年占54.34%,每日使用激素含量多为10～20 mg、次数多为每日两次。     

激素性和酒精性股骨头坏死组织形态学的对比分析

目的比较分析激素性股骨头坏死和酒精性股骨头坏死的组织形态学特点。方法选取自2012-12—2013-12诊治的股骨头坏死26例,激素性股骨头坏死14例(激素组),酒精性股骨头坏死12例(酒精组),将同期行THA的6例股骨颈骨折(股骨头正常)作为对照组。将26例坏死股骨头及6例正常股骨头制备成病理切片标本进行HE染色、改良Masson染色,通过光学显微镜进行组织形态学定量分析。结果与对照组相比,激素组和酒精组同源软骨细胞数减少、骨小梁面积减小,而空骨陷窝率、骨陷窝面积及长径、软骨成骨指数、脂肪细胞长径、血管形成量及新生骨小梁面积等均高于正常水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。激素组空骨陷窝率、骨小梁面积、新生骨小梁面积及脂肪细胞长径等均低于酒精组,而软骨成骨指数高于酒精组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2组在骨陷窝面积及长径、有效血管及无效血管数、同源软骨细胞数方面差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论酒精性股骨头坏死在组织形态学表现上更为复杂,坏死程度更加严重,在修复过程中也不同于激素性股骨头坏死。     

血浆膜微粒与激素性股骨头缺血坏死的相关性研究

目的 探讨循环中细胞膜微粒(micropaticles,MPs)的改变与激素性股骨头坏死的相关性.方法 采集27例激素性股骨头坏死患者及24例年龄、性别、种族匹配的健康志愿者的新鲜血;离心分离出乏血小板血浆;应用鼠抗人单克隆抗体CD31、CD42b、CD45、CD54、CD62E、CD105标定;流式细胞仪测定膜微粒的数量.结果 激素性股骨头坏死组CD31+MPs、CD45+MPs、CD31+CD42b+MPs、CD31+CD45+MPs、CD31-CD45+MPs较正常健康组明显减少,P值分别为0.009、0.021、0.000、0.009、0.007;激素性股骨头坏死组CD51+MPs、CD42b+MPs、CD54+MPs、CD62E+MPs、CD105+MPs、CD31+CD105+MPs、CD31+CD42b-MPs、CD31+CD45-MPs、CD31+CD105-MPs、CD31-CD105+MPs、CD54+CD62E+MPs、CD54+CD62E-MPs、CD54-CD62E+MPs与正常组无显著变化.结论 血浆中血小板、白细胞来源的膜微粒明显减少可能与激素性股骨头坏死的发病机制相关.     

生物力学因素在激素性股骨头坏死中对软骨细胞的作用

目的建立大鼠激素性股骨头坏死正常负重和超负重模型,探究力学因素在激素性股骨头坏死中对于软骨细胞的作用。方法4月龄健康Wistar大鼠随机分成实验组与对照组。臀肌注射地塞米松磷酸钠(20mg/kg),每周1次,共计8w。实验组,置于1km/h跑步机中,强迫动物跑动,形成股骨头坏死超负重模型;对照组,生理状态下正常负重。分别于2、4、6、8w处死大鼠,取右侧股骨头标本,行免疫组织化学法Bcl-2和MMP-1染色,比较不同组之间的累计光密度(IOD)值。取左侧股骨头行组织病理学检查。结果实验组Bcl-2和MMP-1累计光密度(IOD)与对照组比较,第4周起有明显统计学差异(P0.05)。实验组Bcl-2和MMP-1表达随激素注射时间增加有统计学意义(P0.05),q检验显示实验组Bcl-2和MMP-1表达从4w开始两两之间有统计学意义,8w时表达最多(P0.05)。实验组8w时病理学呈股骨头坏死表现。结论力学因素通过影响Bcl-2和MMP-1的生成,调节着软骨细胞的凋亡,促进软骨组织的改建。     

生物力学因素对大鼠激素性股骨头坏死的作用

目的:通过对使用激素后不同时段大鼠股骨头生物力学性质的测定,探究激素性股骨头坏死的发病机理。方法:4月龄健康Wistar大鼠随机分成实验组与对照组造模,实验组形成股骨头坏死超负重模型,对照组生理状态下正常负重。分别于2、4、6、8周处死,取右侧股骨头标本,于EnduraTEC ELF3200生物力学材料动态力学性能测试系统行压力测定,计算样本纵向最大位移、刚度、压缩过程能量吸收等生物力学参数。结果:实验组中各个时期股骨头骨小梁宽度、刚度低于同期对照组,最大形变、压缩能量吸收均高于同期对照组(P0.05),随超负重时间延长,骨质疏松程度增加。结论:随着激素注射和超负重时间的延长,骨质疏松、骨细胞凋亡明显;在激素条件下,负重增加骨小梁的断裂,降低股骨头的生物力学性质,成为引起激素性股骨头坏死塌陷的直接外部因素。     

激素性股骨头坏死的骨质疏松学说

1957年由Pietrogrande和Mastonmarino报道了第一例由糖皮质激素引起的股骨头坏死的病例,其后关于激素性股骨头坏死的病例逐渐增多,也日益受到关注。由于免疫性疾病长期的激素治疗,器官移植术后的激素使用等因素,由激素诱发的股骨头坏死越来越多,陈卫衡等[1]对86例经激素治疗后痊愈的非典型性肺炎康复者做出了分析后,确诊股骨头坏死的达到46例,发病率达53·5%。此发现更加提高了医学界对激素性股骨头坏死的重视。激素性股骨头坏死的原因有很多,如凝血功能障碍学说、血管内凝血学说、免疫复合物沉积引起动脉血管炎学说、脂质代谢障碍学说、骨…     

淫羊藿苷干预兔早期激素性股骨头坏死的实验研究

目的探讨淫羊藿苷对激素诱导的兔早期激素性股骨头坏死干预效果。方法50只成年新西兰兔(体质量2.5~3.0 kg)随机分为对照组(n=10)、模型组(n=20)及实验组(n=20)。模型组和实验组采用脂多糖联合甲泼尼龙注射制备早期激素性股骨头坏死模型;实验组首次注射甲泼尼龙开始每日灌服淫羊藿苷药液1次,对照组及模型组灌服等量生理盐水,连续6周。于6周后取左侧股骨头行大体观察;Micro-CT扫描观察骨小梁微结构,测量骨小梁相对体积(bone volume to total volume,BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(trabecular number,Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(trabecular thickness,Tb.Tn)及骨小梁分离度(trabecular separation,Tb.Sp),并构建三维图像观察;HE染色观察骨小梁结构、骨细胞及骨髓脂肪细胞形态变化,按照病理学诊断标准检测股骨头坏死模型造模是否成功,计算空骨陷窝率。结果实验期间共7只动物死亡,最终对照组9只、模型组16只、实验组18只纳入研究。大体及Micro-CT扫描、三维重建显示,与对照组相比,模型组股骨头塌陷明显,骨小梁断裂、排列紊乱稀疏;实验组股骨头表面皱褶,塌陷不明显,骨小梁结构轻度退变。与对照组相比,模型组和实验组Tb.N、Tb.Tn、BV/TV下降、Tb.Sp升高;与模型组相比,实验组Tb.N、Tb.Tn、BV/TV升高、Tb.Sp降低;组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HE染色示模型组骨小梁中骨细胞减少,空骨陷窝较多,骨小梁间脂肪细胞堆积,部分呈囊状融合;实验组骨小梁形态较模型组完整,骨细胞坏死及脂肪细胞肥大不明显。按照股骨头坏死病理学诊断标准,对照组无骨坏死发生,模型组骨坏死发生率为81.3%(13/16),实验组为66.7%(12/18),差异无统计学意义(P=0.448)。模型组和实验组发生坏死的股骨头标本其空骨陷窝率分别为33.1%±1.4%及18.9%±0.8%,均高于对照组12.7%±1.5%,且模型组明显高于实验组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论淫羊藿苷对激素诱导的兔早期激素性股骨头坏死具有保护作用,可以降低骨细胞凋亡,改善骨微结构,延缓骨坏死发生。     

非创伤性股骨头坏死的国外研究进展

非创伤性股骨头坏死在国内外均被列为尚未解决的难治性疾病之一,本文中作者综合近几年的研究对非创伤性股骨头坏死的病因及手术和非手术治疗方法进行最新的阐述.非创伤性股骨头坏死的发病有遗传学基础,各种危险因素及遗传易感性的相互作用将决定病情的转归.早期诊断及在股骨头出现塌陷之前进行干预是关节保留治疗能否得到良好结果的关键.关节是否保留取决于放射影像学表现.对于股骨头已经塌陷的患者,行关节置换术的满意度优于关节保留治疗.最新的药物治疗方法如生长分化因子可能会改变作者目前的治疗方法,但是有待于临床研究结果及长期的随访.     

Biophysical stimulation in osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is the endpoint of a disease process that results from insufficient blood flow and bone-tissue necrosis, leading to joint instability, collapse of the femoral head, arthritis of the joint, and total hip replacement. Pain is the most frequent clinical symptom. Both bone tissue and cartilage suffer when osteonecrosis of the femoral head develops. Stimulation with pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) has been shown to be useful for enhancing bone repair and for exerting a chondroprotective effect on articular cartilage. Two Italian studies on the treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head with PEMFs were presented in this review. In the first study, 68 patients suffering from avascular necrosis of the femoral head were treated with PEMFs in combination with core decompression and autologous bone grafts. The second one is a retrospective analysis of the results of treatment with PEMFs of 76 hips in 66 patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. In both studies clinical information and diagnostic imaging were collected at the beginning of the treatment and at the time of follow up. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test. Both authors hypothesize that the short-term effect of PEMF stimulation may be to protect the articular cartilage from the catabolic effect of inflammation and subchondral bone-marrow edema. The long-term effect of PEMF stimulation may be to promote osteogenic activity at the necrotic area and prevent trabecular fracture and subchondral bone collapse. PEMF stimulation represents an important therapeutic opportunity to resolve the Ficat stage-I or II disease or at least to delay the time until joint replacement becomes necessary.     

Second-generation cementless total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head

The results of cementless total hip arthroplasties in patients with osteonecrosis have been inferior to those in patients with other diagnoses. Fifty-eight primary total hip arthroplasties with insertion of a femoral stem with a circumferentially proximal porous coating and a cementless acetabular component were followed for a mean of 11.1 years. Fifty-seven (98%) of 58 stems were biologically stable, and one stem was loose. There were acetabular revisions in 18 hips (31%) because of polyethylene wear and osteolysis. One hip (1.7%) underwent revision of both acetabular and femoral components. Osteolysis around the acetabular component was seen on radiographs in 22 hips (37.9%). Femoral osteolysis was seen in 9 hips (15.5%), and there was no osteolysis below the lesser trochanter in any hip. Second-generation femoral prostheses provide excellent fixation in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, a high rate of polyethylene wear and osteolysis in these high-risk patients remains a challenging problem.     

股骨头坏死误诊现状及分析

探讨股骨头坏死误诊的主要原因,有利于减少其误诊及漏诊的发生率,提高股骨头坏死的诊断水平。本文分析近15年国内有关股骨头坏死误诊文献。对易与股骨头坏死混淆的9种疾病进行鉴别分析。股骨头坏死早期易误诊为其它疾病;而股骨头坏死中晚期的一些症状、体征及影像表现与一些疾病相似,易将这些疾病误诊为股骨头坏死。髋关节疾病病理改变的不同始发部位,在相应的影像异常表现有各自不同的特异性表现。     

Unique plasma metabolomic signature of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Metabolomic analysis was performed to determine the metabolomic signature of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and to investigate the underlying relationship between the metabolomic signature and the pathogenesis of ONFH. Plasma samples were collected from 30 ONFH patients and 30 normal subjects. The global metabolomic profile was obtained through a combination of high‐throughput liquid‐ and gas‐chromatography‐based mass spectrometry analyses. All statistical analyses were conducted using the R software. The results showed clear differences in the metabolomic signature between the plasma of ONFH patients compared with normal subjects. Among the 354 identified metabolites, the expression of 123 metabolites were significantly changed in ONFH patients compared with normal subjects (p < 0.05, q < 0.10). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these abnormal metabolites were mainly involved in lipid‐, glutathione‐, nucleotide‐, and energy‐associated pathways, which might be related to enhanced inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy deficiency due to ONFH. This study provides the first metabolomic analysis of ONFH, and identifies a previously unrecognized metabolic signature in ONFH plasma. The results offer new insights into the pathological mechanisms of ONFH through its influence on metabolic pathways, providing the requisite framework for identifying biomarkers or novel targets for therapeutic intervention. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1158–1167, 2016.     

钽棒治疗早期非创伤性股骨头坏死的回归性研究

[目的]分析钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效,探讨影响钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死临床疗效的因素.[方法]钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死病例149例(168髋),男96例,女53例;平均年龄32.36岁.Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(塌陷前)88髋,Ⅲ期(塌陷后)80髋,其中双侧19例.根据ARCO分期,进行Harris评分和影像学评估.将Harris评分70分以下、再次手术、影像学病变进展(股骨头由非塌陷变塌陷或塌陷加重,关节间隙狭窄加重)视为钽棒失败.[结果]共随访到130例138髋,平均随访时间(31.47±5.78)(8～61)个月,术前平均Harris评分为62.65,术后为79.50(P<0.05).优良率为68.12%.Cox风险模型分析显示大病灶、外侧病灶、植骨与否是手术失败的风险因素,病因、性别、年龄、病灶是否在股骨头骺板内,对钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死的临床疗效无明显影响.[结论]影响钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死临床疗效的因素是病灶大小(大于30%)、坏死灶位置(外侧型)、植骨与否,钽棒治疗早期股骨头坏死需要清除死骨、联合植骨.     

Is bone mineral density lower in the necrotic lesion in pre-collapse osteonecrosis of the femoral head?

The purpose of this study was to clarify whether bone mineral density (BMD) of the necrotic lesion in precollapse osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is reduced according to Hounsfield unit (HU) values on computed tomography (CT). The superior one-third of the femoral head in the coronal section was set as the region of interest (ROI) for the measurement of HU values. First, HU values of 101 control participants were assessed to identify relevant confounding factors. Next, the relationship between HU values and BMD on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was verified. Then the mean HU value of the ROI in patients with pre-collapse ONFH was compared with that in propensity score-matched control participants. Finally, the HU values of the lateral boundary in the patients with and without subsequent collapse were compared. Multivariable analysis showed that both age and BMI were significantly correlated with the HU value, which showed a strong correlation with the BMD of the femoral neck on DXA (r = 0.92). In 25 ONFH patients and 25 propensity-matched control participants, no significant difference was found in the HU value of the ROI (p = .54). The mean HU value of the lateral boundary in patients with subsequent collapse was found to be significantly higher than that in patients without subsequent collapse (p < .01). The assessment of HU values on CT was useful for the evaluation of BMD of the femoral head. The current assessment did not demonstrate reduced bone mineral density of the necrotic lesion in pre-collapse ONFH     

非创伤性股骨头坏死的基因多态性研究进展

非创伤性股骨头坏死(non-traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head,NONFH)是一类以髋关节疼痛、功能障碍进行性加重为主的疾病,严重危害人体健康,全世界的发病人数呈逐年上升趋势,但其具体发病机制仍不清楚。近年的研究表明,基因多态性分析有助于破解这一难题。本文综述了与NONFH相关的热点基因,旨在为NONFH的预防和治疗找到新的方法和途径。