住院病人营养风险筛查及营养支持对临床结局影响的研究

目的:应用欧洲营养筛查方法(NRS 2002)分析住院病人营养风险,并探讨营养支持的效果和合理性。方法:选取694例住院病人采用NRS 2002进行营养风险调查,依据病人是否接受营养支持和营养支持的类型,分析营养支持对病人临床结局的影响。结果:在694例住院病人中,营养不良率和营养风险发生率分别为为14.0%和27.5%。有营养风险的病人并发症的发生率显著高于无营养风险的病人(P0.01)。有营养问题的病人中接受营养支持者占总支持人数的81.7%,而无营养风险的病人中接受营养支持者占总支持人数的18.3%。在营养风险病人中,给予营养支持者并发症的发生率明显减少,缩短了住院时间。在营养风险病人中,肠内营养(EN)病人并发症的发生率也明显低于接受肠外营养(PN)者。结论:采用NRS 2002对住院病人营养风险和营养支持率的调查,可有效地鉴别住院病人的营养风险,并为营养支持提供依据。     

恶性肿瘤住院病人营养风险和营养支持与临床转归的研究

目的:调查恶性肿瘤住院病人营养风险的发生率,分析临床营养支持对病人营养状况和临床转归的影响. 方法:收集符合纳入标准的恶性肿瘤首次住院病人526例,应用NRS 2002对其进行营养风险筛查,分析营养风险发生率,并跟踪营养支持的应用情况,比较营养支持对病人的营养状况、住院时间和临床转归的影响.结果:526例恶性肿瘤病人营养风险发生率为46.58％,且年龄越大,营养风险发生率越高(P =0.002).NRS 2002≥3分的245例病人中,营养支持率仅59.6％,肠外营养与肠内营养应用比例为8.7:1.给予营养支持的病人感染并发症的发生率低于无营养支持组(P =0.033),平均住院时间亦短于无营养支持组(P =0.041). 结论:恶性肿瘤住院病人的营养风险发生率较高,逐步提高肿瘤治疗中营养支持特别是肠内营养的应用率,以改善病人的临床转归,提高生存质量.     

日间病房消化系统恶性肿瘤病人营养风险及营养不良横断面调查

目的：本研究调查日间病房消化系统恶性肿瘤病人的营养风险及营养不良情况,并评估该人群合并营养风险及营养不良的高危因素。方法：采用横断面研究的方法,收集2020年11月23日至2020年12月14日期间就诊于本院日间病房的消化系统恶性肿瘤病人,采用营养风险筛查表（NRS 2002）进行营养风险筛查,采用整体营养状况主观评估（PG-SGA）进行营养不良评定,调查营养风险及营养不良的患病率,并分析潜在的相关影响因素。结果：在464例日间病房消化系统恶性肿瘤病人中,营养风险发生率为26.9%,营养不良发生率为34.7%,其中严重营养不良发生率为14.2%。多因素分析显示,卡式功能状态（KPS）评分<90、低蛋白血症的病人更易合并营养风险（P <0.05）,化疗周期数> 6、KPS评分<90的病人更易合并营养不良（P <0.05）。结论：日间病房消化系统恶性肿瘤病人中仍有较高比例存在营养风险及营养不良,对于KPS评分<90、低白蛋白血症、化疗周期数> 6的病人应重点对营养问题给予关注。     

肺癌手术病人营养风险及对临床结局的影响

目的:评估肺癌手术病人的营养风险,评定营养风险对临床结局的影响。方法:前瞻性评估130例拟诊肺癌手术病人,利用欧洲营养风险筛查2002(NRS2002)作营养风险筛查工具,测定病人体质指数、血清清蛋白水平等营养指标判断营养状况,并观察病人术后并发症和住院时间等指标。结果:肺癌手术病人营养不良和营养风险发生率分别为13.8%和15.4%,并发症的发生率为4.6%,平均住院4.52 d。营养不良和有营养风险的病人平均术后住院时间明显延长。结论:可行手术的肺癌病人营养不良和营养风险发生率较低。术前存在营养不良和有营养风险对术后并发症无影响,但会延长术后住院时间。     

应用NRS2002标准对手术病人营养状况和营养支持的调查

目的:应用NRS2002标准对手术病人开展术前营养筛查,以了解该组病人的营养状况,同时进行围手术期营养支持和临床结局调查.方法:收治入院择期手术的127例普通外科、胸外科、妇科和骨科病人参与调查,采用2006年中国肠外肠内营养分会颁布的NRS2002评判标准;同时对病人围手术期营养支持方式、能量、营养素供给和术后并发症、住院时间和药物费用进行调查.结果:需要营养支持的病人占总调查人数的30.7%,其中普通外科占28.3%,高于胸外科(2.4%)、妇科(0%)和骨科(0%).老年人、恶性肿瘤、腹部大手术病人比例较高,分别为18.1%、19.7%和18.1%,与其他病人比较有显著性差异.7.6%的超重病人术前需制订营养支持计划.围手术期实际开展营养支持者与NRS2002评判结果有较大的差异(P＜0.05).正确实施营养支持者占19.7%,误用营养支持者占11.8%,未用营养支持者占11.0%.营养支持方式单一,以PN支持为主,实施营养支持病人的药物治疗费用、住院时间和术后感染并发症高于未实施的病人.结论:手术病人具有较高的营养不良风险,适宜采用NRS2002这样一个简便、易操作的工具对所有的病人进行营养筛查,并制订出合理的营养支持计划,以减少医疗资源的浪费和感染并发症的发生率.     

呼吸科住院病人营养风险筛查和营养支持的调查研究

目的:探讨呼吸科病人的营养状况以及营养支持的应用情况,了解营养风险在疾病诊断上的差异。方法:采用营养风险筛查方法(NRS 2002)对呼吸内科712例住院病人进行营养风险筛查,统计营养不良、营养风险发生率和营养支持情况,分析不同性别、年龄和不同疾病的病人营养风险情况以及营养风险与营养指标之间的关系。结果:在住院病人中,营养不良发生率为13.4%(96/712),营养风险发生率为20.2%(144/712)。男性病人有营养风险者高于女性,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。≥60岁的病人有营养风险者多于60岁者,且差异有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。在144例有营养风险的病人中,行营养支持者42例(29.2%),有营养风险组病人的营养指标均低于无营养风险组,差异有显著性统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:呼吸科病人营养不良和有营养风险的发生率较高,尤其是老年病人。NRS 2002适用于呼吸疾病病人的营养风险筛查,可作为其营养治疗方案的依据。     

MNA-SF和NRS 2002评估老年恶性梗阻性黄疸病人营养状况及其影响因素的应用研究

目的:比较微型营养评定简表(MNA-SF)和营养风险评估表(NRS 2002)在老年恶性梗阻性黄疸病人营养评估中的有效性,并分析病人营养状况的影响因素。方法:108例老年恶性梗阻性黄疸病人入院24 h内采用MNA-SF和NRS 2002分别进行评估,比较两种方法的评估结果并与传统营养指标比较,同时分析影响病人营养状况的因素。结果:根据MNA-SF,营养不良风险组44例(41%),营养不良组54例(50%);根据NRS 2002,营养不良风险组94例(87%),两种工具的评估结果差异不显著(P 0.05),检验一致率达96.3%,两种方法的评估结果与传统营养指标相关性一致,MNA-SF评估营养不良及风险与患病时间、胆道感染、胆管炎有关,且有营养不良及风险的病人住院时间均显著高于营养正常者,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论:老年恶性梗阻性黄疸病人营养不良及风险发生率非常高,可用MNA-SF和NRS 2002评估其营养状态,且患病时间、胆道感染、胆管炎是影响病人营养状况的重要因素。     

食管癌病人围手术期营养状况对其术后恢复的影响

目的:研究食管癌病人围手术期营养状况及术前营养支持对其术后恢复的影响,为临床诊治提供参考.方法:回顾性分析2019年1月份到12月份在厦门大学附属中山医院胸外科手术的102例食管癌围手术期病人,通过营养风险筛查2002(NRS 2002)工具评估营养风险的发生率.分析术前营养支持对不同营养风险病人术后NRS 2002评...     

普通外科住院病人营养风险筛查和营养支持应用状况

目的:调查普通外科住院病人营养风险、营养不良和营养支持应用情况.方法:采用营养风险筛查方法(NRS2002)对普通外科625例住院病人进行营养风险筛查,统计营养不良、营养风险发生率和营养支持率,并调查病人2周内(或至出院时)的营养支持状况.结果:NRS2002完全适用率为92.5%,营养不良发生率为15.5%,营养风险...     

营养支持干预对有营养风险胃肠恶性肿瘤病人临床结局和成本-效果比的影响

目的:了解营养支持对有营养风险胃肠恶性肿瘤病人有无改善临床结局和成本-效果比的影响.方法:2014年12月至2015年8月,以连续抽样方式对胃肠道恶性肿瘤病人营养风险发生率、临床结局和医疗费用进行资料收集. 结果:共纳入244例病人,在有营养风险者中,营养支持组总并发症率(31.94％ vs 57.89％,P=0.04)以及非感染性并发症的发生率(25.00％ vs 52.63％,P=0.02)显著低于无营养支持组.另外,肠内营养组在非感染性并发症风险的减少方面有绝对优势(16.67％ vs 52.63％,P=0.03).多因素分析确认营养支持改善病人总并发症发生率的结论稳定(OR =0.62,95％CI =0.37 ～0.81,P＜0.01).存在营养风险且接受营养支持病人的总费用比未接受营养支持者高,两组成本-效果比分别为8 175.9和7 184.9,增量成本-效果比为3 819.2. 结论:对胃肠恶性肿瘤有营养风险的病人给予营养支持,可减少并发症的发生率和缩短住院时间,其成本-效果比水平高.     

Effects of parenteral nutrition support and chemotherapy on the phasic composition of tumor cells in gastrointestinal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Some clinical studies report the effects of parenteral nutrition in malnourished cancer patients, but few discuss the tumor response to parenteral nutrition plus chemotherapy. If used in combination, the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents may compensate for the tumor stimulation of parenteral nutrition. METHODS: Ninety-two patients with operable gastrointestinal cancer and malnutrition were randomly assigned to four interventions that were administered for 7 days preoperatively: parenteral nutrition alone, parenteral nutrition plus chemotherapy, chemotherapy alone, or no treatment (control). The preintervention and postintervention DNA content, DNA index, percentage of cells in S phase, and tumor cell sensitivity to chemotherapy were measured using image cytometry. RESULTS: Parenteral nutrition resulted in a significant proliferation of tumor cells and a significant increase in the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy; these effects were not seen in tumors of patients receiving parenteral nutrition plus chemotherapy. There was, however, a nonsignificant increase in tumor cell proliferation and sensitivity to chemotherapy in the tumors of subjects receiving combined therapy compared with those of subjects who received chemotherapy alone. The postintervention nutritional status of both the parenteral nutrition group and the parenteral nutrition plus chemotherapy group were significantly better than that of the control group and the chemotherapy group. The short-term, postoperative clinical outcomes in the chemotherapy group were significantly worse than those in the other three groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that combining chemotherapy and nutrition support preoperatively for malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer improves short-term nutritional status without increasing the proliferation of tumor cells and prevents the postoperative complications that occur when such patients are given chemotherapy without nutrition support. The results also suggest--but do not prove--that parenteral nutrition may increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy in malnourished patients.     

The impact of computerization of the nutrition support process on the nutrition support program in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines: report for the years 2000-2003

BACKGROUND & AIMS: To improve hospital health care delivery by identifying malnutrition in all admitted patients and following up those identified to be malnourished and "at risk of developing malnutrition" a hospital nutrition support program based on the JCAHO system was initiated in 1999. Two major problems were encountered: first, the inability to perform a nutrition surveillance process due to failure by the staff to implement existing nutrition screening tools and second, the lack of awareness and support from the medical staff in this initiative. Two solutions were implemented in 2000: computerization of the nutrition screening and nutrition support process and synchronizing this with the whole nutrition support program. METHODS: A computer program was developed which performs BMI-based nutrition screening, produces lists of all malnourished patients, and computes the different formulas for either nutritional requirement or parenteral and/or enteral formulation. It also generates patient status reports based on encoded data from the nutrition support team, which prioritized these patients for management based on the data output. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2003, improvement was seen in these areas: entry of height and weight in the patient record increased from 30% to 90%; nutrition surveillance shows nutritional status distribution to be: normal (58%), underweight (9%), overweight (25%), and obese (8%), referrals to the nutrition support team based on the screen notification increased from 37% to 100%, patient coverage by nutrition support services increased from 7374 (38.8%) in 2000 to 11,369 (83%) in 2003, and critical care patients seen increased from 10% in 2000 to 99% in 2003. More improvement is needed in physician response to nutrition support recommendations, which still remains low (11.2-24%). CONCLUSIONS: Computerization helps to improve nutrition support delivery in the hospital, but more cooperation and support from the medical staff is still needed for better results.     

老年肝胆外科住院患者的动态营养风险筛查

目的调查老年肝胆外科住院患者营养风险、营养不足发生率以及营养支持应用状况。方法采用定点连续抽样,对156例老年肝胆外科住院患者（≥65岁）人院后第2天早晨和住院2周或出院时进行营养风险筛查2002（NRS 2002）的动态描述性研究。结果NRS 2002的适用率为96．8％（151／156）。患者总的营养风险发生率为36．9％（57／156）,营养不足发生率为26．2％（41／156）。住院时间大于2周的患者营养风险和营养不足发生率分别为49．6％和36．7％,住院时间小于2周的患者营养风险和营养不足发生率分别为37．3％和21．4％,两者相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。存在营养风险和无营养风险患者营养支持率分别为64．1％和17．4％。其中,接受大手术患者中有营养风险和无营养风险患者的营养支持率分别为87．9％和36．8％,接受中、小手术患者中有营养风险和无营养风险患者的营养支持率分别为41．3％和9．6％。结论NRS 2002适用于老年肝胆外科住院患者的营养风险筛查。住院时间大于2周老年肝胆外科住院患者营养风险和营养不足发生率反而有所增加。临床营养支持在肝胆外科需要更加重视住院患者的营养问题,临床上存在肠外、肠内营养的不合理应用。     

The physical functional capacity of frail elderly persons undergoing ambulatory rehabilitation is related to their nutritional status

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in frail elders undergoing rehabilitation and the association between their nutritional status and physical function.Design: Observational study of new participants undergoing ambulatory rehabilitation.Setting: Two Geriatric Day Hospitals (GDH) in Montreal, Quebec.Participants: 121 women and 61 men.Intervention: Evaluation of nutritional status, body composition and physical function.Measurements: The nutritional status was assessed with a composite index based on anthropometric measurements and serum albumin, as well as using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Patients were classified as well-nourished, having mild/at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Body composition was estimated by bioimpedance and handgrip strength and gait speed by standard methods.Results: 13% of patients were found to be mildly malnourished, whereas 6% were malnourished. Malnourished patients were older and had worse cognition, lower BMI, and % body fat (all p<0.05). Malnourished patients and those with mild malnutrition had lower weight, triceps skinfold thickness, muscle and fat mass (all, p<0.003). Handgrip strength was different according to the nutritional status (p=0.034) and correlated with muscle mass (r=0.65, p<0.001). MNA classified 53% of patients as being at risk whereas 3% were malnourished and it correlated with gait speed (r=0.26, p=0.001).Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of patients in GDH at risk or with mild malnutrition. Being malnourished was associated with worse physical performance, which suggests that a nutritional intervention may be of benefit in improving their physical function. This study was supported by the Helen Hutchinson Foundation of the Division of Geriatric Medicine, Research Institute of the Montreal General Hospital     

围手术期营养支持在胃肠手术病人中的应用

目的:应用主观全面评价(SGA)法对外科病人进行营养评定,并观察围手术期营养支持对胃肠手术病人的效果.方法:回顾性总结了76例胃肠手术病人,应用SGA法进行营养状况评定,统计各组围手术期营养支持情况,观察围手术期营养支持对病人血红蛋白、清蛋白、前清蛋白、转铁蛋白、纤维连接蛋白等的影响以及手术并发症等情况.结果:应用SGA法评定,34例(44.7%)存在营养不良;与入院时相比,术后血红蛋白明显下降,清蛋白在术后2周内明显下降,前清蛋白在术后2周时明显上升,术后1周转铁蛋白明显下降;各组手术并发症发生率分别为19%、29.6%和14.3%.结论:SGA法可对手术病人进行初步营养评定;围手术期营养支持可改善营养不良的胃肠外科病人的营养状况,但对营养良好的病人效果不明显.     

胃肠肿瘤外科患者营养风险及营养支持调查

目的 了解肿瘤专科医院胃肠肿瘤择期手术患者的营养风险及围手术期营养支持情况.方法 采用营养风险筛查2002方法调查我院胃肠外科2010年5至9月新入院胃肠肿瘤择期手术患者的营养风险及围手术期营养支持情况.结果 入院时存在营养风险的患者占43.6％ (85/195),有营养风险的患者术前营养支持率为11.7％ (10/85),术后营养支持率为100％ (85/85).无营养风险的患者术前营养支持率为0,术后营养支持率为84.5％ (93/110).有营养风险与无营养风险的患者术后并发症发生率分别为19.1％ (13/68)和7.1％ (9/127) (P=0.02).结论 胃肠肿瘤择期手术患者营养风险发生率较高,围手术期营养支持不尽合理.入院时存在营养风险的患者术后并发症发生率较高.需要继续推广基于证据的肠外肠内营养指南.     

住院老年病人营养不良及其对并发症的影响

目的:了解上海地区住院老年病人营养不良的发生率及其对并发症的影响.方法:采用微型营养评估方法(MNA),结合实验室检查、膳食营养素摄入量、临床并发症,对上海市四所医院60岁以上615例住院老年病人进行调查分析.结果:住院老年病人营养不良平均患病率为20.3%,贫血及低清蛋白血症平均发生率分别为41.5%及57.2%.营养不良病人的能量、蛋白质及大多数微量营养素摄入量显著低于营养状况良好者(P＜0.05),感染及脏器功能衰竭并发症增加.结论:住院老年病人营养不良发生率、贫血、低清蛋白血症患病率较高,营养不良对临床结局有不良影响.     

Nutrition au cours des radiothérapies et chimiothérapiesNutritional support during cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Nutritional support for cancer patients treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy are strongly requested with regard to the frequent malnutrition at time of diagnosis. Furthermore, the malnutrition often progresses with adverse effects of therapy and disease progression. Nutritional screening and assessment are essential. Dietetic care is mandatory for patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition when they are still able to eat. But this oral nutritional support is frequently unable to maintain sufficient nutritional intakes with regard to tumour effect or treatment toxicity. Enteral or parenteral nutrition must be provided to patients unable to absorb adequate quantity of nutrients for a prolonged period. The primary goal is to avoid, especially for malnourished patients, further nutritional degradation which can lead to treatment interruptions, complications or increased risk of death. Routine administration of artificial nutrition has been tested during radiotherapy and chemotherapy but results are conflicting and data are missing for severely malnourished patients. No benefits in terms of treatment toxicity, tumour response, risk of complications and finally mortality have been demonstrated for routine use of artificial nutrition. Most decisions for indication of nutritional support, route of administration and quality of artificial nutrition in this field can't rely today on evidence-based medicine. However, artificial nutrition can provide nutrients and hydration necessary to maintain comfort and to improve survival for patients unable to eat sufficient nutrition for a prolonged period.     

Nutritional assessment and management in hospitalised patients: implication for DRG-based reimbursement and health care quality

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is associated with a higher morbidity resulting in an increased need for medical resources and economic expenses. In order to ensure sufficient nutritional care it is mandatory to identify the effect of malnutrition and nutritional care on direct cost and reimbursement. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the economic effect of a nutritional screening procedure on the identification and coding of malnutrition in the G-DRG system. METHODS: All G-DRG relevant parameters of 541 consecutive patients at a gastroenterology ward were documented. Moreover, all patients were screened for malnutrition by a dietician according to the subjective global assessment (SGA). Patients were then grouped into the appropriate G-DRG and the effective cost weight (CW) was calculated. RESULTS: Ninety-two of 541 patients (19%) were classified malnourished (SGA B or C). Recognition of malnutrition increase from 4% to 19%. Malnourished patients exhibited a significantly increased length of hospital stay (7.7+/-7 to 11+/-9, P<0.0001). In 26/98 (27%) patients, the coding of malnutrition was considered relevant by grouping and resulted in a rise of DRG benefit. Mean case mix value and patients' complexity and comorbidity level (PCCL) increased after including malnutrition in the codification (CV 1.53+/-2.9 to 1.65+/-2.9, P=0.001 and PCCL 2.69+/-1.4 to 3.47+/-0.82, P<0.0001). The reimbursement increase by 360/malnourished patient or an additional reimbursement of 35280 (8.3% of the total reimbursement for all patients of 423186). Nutritional support in a subgroup of 50 randomly selected patients resulted in additional costs of 10268 . Forty-four of these patients (86%) were classified malnourished (32 SGA B and 12 SGA C). However, the subsequent reimbursement covered only approximately 75% of the expenses (7869), but did not include the potential financial benefits resulting from clinical interventions. CONCLUSION: Malnourished patients can be detected with a structured assessment and documentation of nutritional status and this is partly reflected in the G-DRG/ICD 10 system. In addition to increasing direct health care reimbursement, nutritional screening and intervention has the potential to improve health care quality.