早期渐进性运动对重症监护室脑出血患者ICU获得性衰弱的影响

目的:研究早期渐进性运动对重症监护室脑出血患者应用,对ICU获得性衰弱进行分析.方法:随机抽取2020年1月～2020年12月的ICU脑出血患者80例,其中对照组仍然进行常规的护理流程,观察组则在此基础之上进行早期渐进性运动的护理.实验结束后对比两组的数据作出总结.结果:通过两组的对比可知,观察组患者的恢复时间优于对照...     

外科重症病人早期肠内营养执行流程的研究进展

早期肠内营养符合生理,有利于细胞、器官功能的恢复,降低感染等发生率,改善预后。然而,外科重症病人由于腹腔高压、血流动力学不稳定、肠功能障碍等原因,常导致早期肠内营养难以顺利实施,本文就外科重症病人早期肠内营养执行流程研究进展作一综述     

早期肠内营养护理干预对ICU重症患者营养状况及并发症的影响

目的:分析早期肠内营养护理干预对ICU重症患者营养状况及并发症的影响.方法:选取2018年9月至2019年11月我院收治的ICU重症患者87例为研究对象,随机单双数法分为对照组43例进行常规干预,观察组44例进行早期肠内营养护理.对比两种不同干预方式下营养状况、并发症.结果:干预前患者营养指标无较大差异(P＞0.05)...     

早期肠内营养对重症脑血管病病人疗效的影响

目的:探讨营养支持在重症脑血管病病人中的合理应用,以提高急危重症病人的抢救成功率. 方法:将171例重症脑血管病的病人随机分为观察组(行早期肠内营养治疗,n=88)和对照组(常规治疗,n=83).检测两组病人治疗前和治疗后1和2周的营养指标(TP、ALB、PA、TF)和免疫功能指标(IgA、IgG、IgM、TLC)的变化,观察并发症的发生率和康复时间,并对其进行比较. 结果:治疗2周后,观察组病人营养状况和免疫功能的恢复均好于对照组,并发症发生率亦低于对照组.两组间比较差异均有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论:早期肠内营养可有效地改善重症脑血管病病人的营养状况和免疫功能,降低并发症的发生率.     

重症病人早期肠内营养不达标影响因素分析

目的：探讨重症病人早期肠内营养不达标影响因素。方法：选取2021年6月至2022年3月就诊于东部战区总医院普通外科的86例重症病人为研究对象,收集病人的一般资料和营养相关资料,将病人分为早期肠内营养达标组与早期肠内营养不达标组,通过Logistic回归分析,探讨早期肠内营养不达标的影响因素。结果：86例重症病人中早期肠内营养达标有37例（43%）,不达标有49例（57%）,两组病人儿茶酚胺类药、连续性肾脏替代治疗、肠内营养中断有统计学意义（均P <0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示性别（OR=0.247,95%CI:0.068～0.900,P=0.034）、儿茶酚胺类药（OR=11.973,95%CI:1.867～76.793,P=0.009）、肠内营养中断（OR=6.019,95%CI:1.790～20.242,P=0.004）是重症病人早期肠内营养不达标的影响因素。结论：重症病人早期肠内营养不达标发生率较高,性别、儿茶酚胺类药、肠内营养中断是重症病人早期肠内营养不达标的影响因素,临床医护人员应重视使用儿茶酚胺类药的病人、同时做好耐受性管理、减少肠内营养中断的发生,提...     

早期肠内营养对重症脑血管病病人呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响

目的 :探讨早期肠内营养(EEN)对重症脑血管病病人呼吸机相关性肺炎的影响,以及对病人营养状态、肠内营养耐受性、胃液PH值、消化道出血发生率的影响。方法 :本研究为前瞻性分析。研究对象为2014年3月至2017年5月我院神内重症收治接受鼻饲饮食及机械通气治疗共72例脑血管病病人。其中,36例在发病24小时内给予肠内营养支持治疗(早期组),36例发病24 h后给予肠内营养支持治疗(对照组)。比较两组病人治疗后7天呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、脱机成功率、肠内营养并发症发生率、消化道出血发生率、治疗后第7天血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白、治疗后28天存活率等临床指标变化,并分析入院时、入院1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d胃液PH值变化。结果 :早期组呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、肠内营养并发症发生率、消化道出血发生率均低于对照组,血清白蛋白、前白蛋白、脱机成功率、存活率均高于对照组。早期给予肠内营养后,胃液PH值显著升高。结论 :早期肠内营养支持治疗能改善病人营养状态,有助于降低呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率,提高脱机成功率,降低病死率,改善病人预后。早期肠内营养支持治疗导致胃液PH升高,能降低胃肠道并发症发生率,降低消化道出血发生率。     

早期肠内营养护理干预对ICU重症患者营养状况及并发症的影响

目的:分析为ICU重症患者提供早期肠内营养护理干预在改善其机体营养状况和预防并发症中的临床效果.方法:对照组患者为常规ICU护理,观察组联合应用早期肠内营养护理干预.结果:2组护理前TP、TRF、PA对比P>0.05,护理后观察组的TP、TRF、PA均高于对照组P<0.05;观察组的并发症率为5.41％,对照组为18....     

早期肠内营养护理干预对ICU重症患者营养状况及并发症的影响

目的:研究早期肠内营养护理干预用于ICU重症患者的价值.方法:2019年3月-2021年2月本院ICU接诊重症病患76例,随机均分2组.研究组采取早期肠内营养护理干预,对照组行常规护理.对比营养状况等指标.结果:针对并发症发生率,研究组2.63％,比对照组18.42％低,P<0.05.针对总蛋白与前白蛋白,研究组干预后...     

早期肠内营养支持对重症脑卒中病人营养和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨早期肠内营养(EEN)支持对重症脑卒中病人营养和免疫功能的影响. 方法:将82例重症脑卒中病人随机分为观察组(行EEN治疗,44例)和对照组(行常规治疗,38例).检测两组病人治疗前和治疗后1周和2周的营养和免疫功能指标的变化,观察并发症的发生率和康复时间,并对其进行比较. 结果:治疗2周后,观察组病人营养状况和免疫功能的恢复均较对照组快,并发症发生率亦低于对照组. 结论:EEN可有效地改善重症脑卒中病人的营养状况和免疫功能,降低并发症的发生率.     

早期肠内营养对重症急性胰腺炎病人营养状况和预后影响

目的:观察早期肠内营养(EEN)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)病人营养状况和预后的影响。方法:回顾分析本院近4年收治的38例SAP病人EEN和综合治疗情况,监测其并发症和临床生化指标变化,判断临床应用效果。结果:EEN组病人的并发症和生化指标等均低于对照组,同时在缩短病程、降低费用、改善机体营养状况方面有较好的临床效果。结论:EEN可改善SAP病人的营养状况,促进肠蠕动恢复,降低感染等并发症的发生率。     

Glutamine supplementation fails to affect muscle protein kinetics in critically ill patients

BACKGROUND: In vitro work suggests that glutamine availability may be an important factor in controlling the rate of muscle protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine if enteral administration of glutamine affects muscle protein metabolism in critically ill patients. METHODS: Six postsurgical patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation for pneumonia (age, 51 +/- 12 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE] 22 +/- 6, mean +/- SEM) and 6 normal healthy volunteers (age, 33 +/- 4 years) underwent evaluation of whole body and muscle protein metabolism using an 8-hour infusion of d5-phenylalanine, 5(15)N glutamine, and d3-alanine with serial blood sampling from the femoral artery and vein and biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle. Metabolic measurements were obtained while subjects received Peptamen enterally (Basal Period) and with glutamine supplementation (24 g/3 h; Glutamine Period). RESULTS: Glutamine concentration in muscle was significantly less in the critically ill patients. Glutamine supplementation increased the arterial plasma concentration of glutamine, yet with no demonstratable effect on muscle glutamine concentration or on the rate of muscle protein synthesis in either volunteers or patients. Furthermore, muscle glutamine kinetics (incorporation into muscle, release from muscle, and rate of de novo glutamine synthesis in muscle) were not affected by glutamine supplementation in the critically ill patients. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in these kinetic parameters with glutamine supplementation within the muscle of healthy subjects. Metabolism of alanine was unaffected by administration of glutamine in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Enteral glutamine supplementation to critically ill patients fails to alter muscle glutamine metabolism or muscle protein synthesis. This suggests a possible restriction in transport of glutamine into muscle of critically ill patients.     

Practicalities of selenium supplementation in critically ill patients

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the reason for and clinical effects of selenium supplementation in critically ill patients. RECENT FINDINGS: Selenium-dependent enzymes and selenoprotein P regulate immune and endothelial cell function. Obviously not the anorganic compounds of selenium but the activity of selenium-dependent enzymes is the most important factor modulating the immune system and the clinical outcome of patients. Despite low selenium levels in severely ill patients and low glutathione peroxidase activity associated with the extent of multiorgan dysfunction, only a few trials have investigated the effect of selenium supplementation on clinical outcome. A metaanalysis did not reveal a statistically significant survival rate with selenium supplementation, but suggested a dose-dependent trend. The recently completed multicentre trial on high-dose selenium supplementation in septic patients also did not reveal a significant overall reduction in mortality. SUMMARY: The available evidence suggests that selenoproteins play an important role in the immunomodulation of critically ill patients and a sodium selenite supplementation upregulates these selenoenzymes. The intervention trials with sodium selenite performed to date are small and therefore only a tendency in reduction of morbidity and mortality could be demonstrated. Larger trials are necessary to show the supposed benefits and risks of selenite supplementation in critically ill patients.     

Selenium supplementation in the critically ill

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element with antioxidant, immunological, and anti-inflammatory properties, which are attributed to its presence in selenoproteins, as the 21st amino acid selenocysteine. These selenoenzymes are involved in redox signaling, antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune responses. Dietary intakes differ considerably between geographical regions, due to variability of the Se food content, leading to differences in dietary reference intakes and toxicity cautions. Critical illness with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is characterized by Se depletion with high morbidity and mortality. Se status correlates well with clinical outcome in SIRS and may be useful as an early predictor of survival. Several investigators have evaluated the benefits of Se supplementation for the critically ill, either as monotherapy or in an antioxidant micronutrient combination. Pharmaconutrition, with high-dose Se (from 500-1600 μg/d) involving an initial loading bolus, followed by continuous infusion, appears to be safe and efficacious, with evidence that it can improve clinical outcome by reducing illness severity, infectious complications, and decreasing mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). We now have a clearer understanding of the pharmacokinetics of the initial and transient pro-oxidant effect of an intravenous bolus of selenite and the antioxidant effect of continuous infusion. Better biomarkers to ascertain optimum Se requirements for individual patients are now needed, and clinical practice guidelines need improvement. Nevertheless, sufficient evidence is available to consider initiating high-dose intravenous Se therapy routinely in critically ill SIRS patients, immediately on admission to the ICU.     

Effect of selenium supplementation on biochemical markers and outcome in critically ill patients

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study aimed to assess the effect of high dose selenium (Se) supplementation on Se status in blood, oxidative stress, thyroid function and possible effects on requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in severely septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: This prospective single-centre study was carried out in 40 septic ICU patients who were randomized to high dose Se (Se+ group, N=18 (474, 316, 158 microg/day), each for 3 consecutive days followed by a standard dose of 31.6 microg/day of Se given as sodium selenite whereas the control group (Se-, N=22) received only the standard dose of Se. Plasma Se, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), F2 isoprostanes, thyroid function tests (total T4 and total T3), C-reactive protein (CRP) and red blood cell (RBC) GSH-Px were estimated on day 0, 3, 7, 14. RESULTS: In the Se+ group, plasma Se increased by day 3 and 7 (P<0.0001) and day 14 (P=0.02), plasma GSH-Px increased by day 3 and 7 (P=0.01) as compared to Se- group. There was a significant negative correlation between plasma Se and SOFA (sepsis related organ failure assessment) (r=-0.36, P=0.03) along with low plasma Se and high CRP at the time of admission. Requirement for renal replacement therapy was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION: Although high dose Se supplementation increased plasma Se and GSH-Px activity, it did not reduce oxidative damage or the requirement for RRT. Se levels in blood are influenced by redistribution and severity of illness and therefore should be interpreted with caution.     

Vitamin B6 supplementation increases immune responses in critically ill patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether vitamin B6 supplementation has a beneficial effect on immune responses in critically ill patients. DESIGN: A single-blind intervention study. SETTING: The study was performed at the Taichung Veterans General Hospital, the central part of Taiwan. SUBJECTS: Fifty-one subjects who stayed over 14 days in the intensive care unit completed the study. Subjects were not treated with any vitamin supplement before the intervention. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups, control (n = 20), a daily injection of 50 mg vitamin B-6 (B6 -50, n=15), or 100 mg vitamin B-6 (B6 -100, n = 16) for 14 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL), 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), erythrocyte alanine (EALT-AC) and aspartate (EAST-AC) aminotransaminase activity coefficient, and urinary 4-PA were measured. The levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and immune responses (white blood cell, neutrophils, total lymphocytes count (TLC), T- (CD3) and B-(CD19) lymphocytes, T-helper (CD4) and suppressor (CD8) cells) were determined. RESULTS: Plasma PLP, PL, 4-PA and urinary 4-PA concentrations significantly increased in two treated groups. T-lymphocyte and T-helper cell numbers and the percentage of T-suppressor cell significantly increased on day 14 in the B6 -50 group. Total lymphocyte count, T-helper and T-suppressor cell numbers, the percentage of T-lymphocyte cells and T-suppressors significantly increased in the B6 -100 group at the 14th day. There were no significant changes with respect to immune responses in the control group over 14 days. CONCLUSIONS: A large dose of vitamin B6 supplementation (50 or 100 mg/day) could compensate for the lack of responsiveness of plasma PLP to vitamin B6 intake, and further increase immune response of critically ill patients. SPONSORSHIP: This study was supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, Republic of China (NSC-92-2320-B-040-026).     

早期肠内营养在危重症病人营养支持中的临床价值

目的:通过对危重症病人行早期肠内营养(EEN),观察病人的临床转归和评价EEN的应用价值.方法:将46例危重症病人随机分为治疗组和对照组.治疗组病人在入住ICU的24～48 h内行EN,对照组病人在入ICU的48 h后开始EN.比较两组病人对营养支持的耐受性、营养指标、肝功能、EN可耐受的起始时间、达EN目标喂养点所需...     

早期肠内营养支持在危重症病人中的应用

目的:探讨早期肠内营养(EEN)支持在危重症病人中的应用效果. 方法:将ICU中65例危重症病人随机分为EEN组(35例)和肠外营养(PN)组(30例),并将营养支持情况进行对比分析. 结果:经EEN支持后血清清蛋白(ALB)和血红蛋白(Hb)较治疗前升高(P＜0.05),而经PN支持后各指标差异无显著性意义.两组对比EEN组病人ALB高于PN组(P＜0.05).EEN组在肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)和上臂肌围(AMC)与PN组无显著性差异(P＞0.05),在Hb及氮平衡方面则明显优于PN组(P＜0.05). 结论:对于危重症病人,EEN较PN有更好的营养效果和代谢效应.     

Adverse effects of high dose carnitine supplementation of total parenteral nutrition on protein and fat oxidation in the critically ill

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of continuous and acute L-carnitine supplementation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on protein and fat oxidation in severe catabolism. A critically ill and severely malnourished male patient received TPN (non protein energy = 41 kcal/kg/day, provided equally as fat and glucose) over 38 days, without L-carnitine for 23 days and with carnitine supplements (15 mg/kg/day) for the following 15 days. Subsequently, he was given carnitine-free enteral nutrition for 60 more days. A four-hour infusion of 100 mg L-carnitine was given on day 11 of each TPN period. Indirect calorimetry was carried out after 11 days of either carnitine-free or supplemented TPN and at the initiation of enteral nutrition. Additional measurements were performed 4 hours and 24 hours after the acute infusions of carnitine. The rate of protein oxidation and the respiratory quotient were found to be higher, and the rate of fat oxidation to be lower, with carnitine-supplemented TPN, than with either carnitine-free TPN or enteral nutrition. Acute infusion of carnitine resulted in an increased rate of protein oxidation and a reduced rate of fat oxidation on both TPN-regimens. These unfavourable effects on protein metabolism may be due to an impairment of fat oxidation by excess amounts of carnitine.