颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼固定在髋臼翻修中的应用

目的 探讨颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼在髋臼翻修中的临床应用.方法 应用颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼技术重建髋臼骨缺损10例,术中使用异体颗粒骨直径4～6 mm,髋臼假体均为生物型髋臼,上2或3枚螺钉固定,内衬均为高交联聚乙烯.结果 切口均一期愈合,无感染、脱位等并发症发生.随访9～28个月,平均19.5个月,X线片上髋臼骨床、颗粒骨及假体界面未见明显透亮带存在,原骨缺损区修复良好.Harris评分术前平均38.1分,术后平均85.5分.结论 颗粒骨打压植骨结合非骨水泥臼固定方法可有效修复髋关节翻修中髋臼AAOSⅡ、Ⅲ型骨缺损,恢复骨量,并能提供良好的早期稳定性.     

髋臼加强环联合同种异体骨植骨在髋臼骨缺损人工髋关节翻修术中的应用

目的探讨髋臼加强环联合同种异体骨植骨在髋臼骨缺损人工髋关节翻修术中的应用效果。方法随机将48例髋臼骨缺损行人工髋关节翻修术的患者分为2组,各24例。对照组术中采用同种异体骨植骨术,观察组在对照组基础上联合使用髋臼加强环。结果随着随访时间的延长,2组髋关节功能Harris评分均随之增高。但观察组明显高于对照组,且并发症率明显低于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论髋臼加强环联合同种异体骨植骨进行髋臼骨缺损的人工髋关节翻修,术后并发症率低,效果可靠。     

金属钛网联合颗粒骨打压植骨治疗髋臼骨缺损

目的介绍颗粒状松质骨打压植骨联合金属钛网固定的方法对人工髋关节翻修术中髋臼缺损的重建。方法应用该技术治疗23例患者,髋臼缺损分型(AAOS分类)Ⅱ型9例,Ⅲ型14例,术前髋关节功能平均评分38分(Harris评分),术后进行临床评估及X线评估。结果所有患者均使用骨水泥固定假体,术后平均随访3.9年,Harris评分平均提高39分,无1例需再次翻修,有3例患者在X线片上出现透亮带。结论打压植骨联合金属钛网固定在处理髋关节翻修术中髋臼缺损时,操作简单方便,疗效可靠。     

髋臼加强环联合同种异体骨植骨重建髋臼在髋关节翻修中的应用

目的总结髋臼加强环(Cage)联合同种异体骨植骨重建髋臼在髋关节翻修术中的应用及疗效。方法 2006年2月-2010年8月,对14例(14髋)行人工全髋关节翻修术的重度髋臼骨缺损患者采用Cage联合同种异体骨植骨重建髋臼。男6例,女8例;年龄45～76岁,平均59.2岁。初次置换至此次翻修术时间为5～12年,平均7.2年。翻修原因:感染8例,骨溶解及假体松动6例。术前髋关节功能Harris评分为(37.7±5.3)分。髋臼骨缺损按照美国骨科医师协会(AAOS)分型标准:Ⅲ型8例,Ⅳ型6例。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无坐骨神经损伤、下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间14～62个月,平均44个月。患者疼痛症状均明显缓解或消失。末次随访时髋关节Harris评分为(89.7±3.2)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=—44.40,P=0.04)。X线片示髋臼假体均无松动,植骨未见明显吸收,并逐渐与宿主骨融合。结论在髋关节翻修时,采用Cage联合同种异体骨植骨能有效修复髋臼骨缺损并重建髋臼,近期疗效满意,远期疗效尚需进一步随访观察。     

辐照深冻异体骨打压植骨在髋臼翻修中的应用

目的 研究辐照深冻异体骨用于髋臼翻修中严重骨缺损的打压植骨重建的临床效果.方法 2006年2月至2009年1月髋关节翻修术中共有20例21髋应用打压植骨技术结合金属网重建严重髋臼侧骨缺损,18例19髋获得随访.患者翻修时平均年龄为64.4岁(43～81岁).采用Paprosky分型,本组患者均有髋臼骨缺损,其中PaproskyⅡB型4髋,PaproskyⅡC型8髋,PaproskyⅢA型5髋,PaproskyⅢB型2髋.手术用金属网修复髋臼节段性缺损,采用辐照深冻同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合骨水泥臼杯完成髋臼翻修.患者术后定期进行影像学和临床评估,观察手术前后髋关节Harris评分变化,假体移位松动及异体骨骨整合情况,及术中、术后并发症等.术前Harris评分平均42.5分(31～56分).术前疼痛评分平均14.4分(10～20分).结果 患者平均随访时间22.4个月(12～48个月).术后Harris评分提高到88.6分(82～96分).术后疼痛评分提高至平均42.3分(40～44分).并发症:术后感染1例,经清创愈合.股神经损伤1例,术后1年随访时已恢复正常.1例患者术后出现股骨近端外侧皮质吸收,大粗隆骨折.有1例Paprosky ⅢB型患者出现金属网及髋臼杯明显移位等影像学松动表现,其余18髋的髋臼假体稳定,未发现臼杯在垂直和水平方向大于1 mm的移位,也未发现髋臼假体外展角的改变;植骨层和宿主骨床可见连续骨小梁通过、移植骨与周围骨床骨密度趋向一致等骨整合表现.结论 金属网与打压植骨及骨水泥髋臼技术联合应用能有效地完成髋臼的生物学翻修.辐照深冻异体骨用于打压植骨能与周围骨床很好的整合.     

颗粒骨打压植骨技术在治疗髋臼骨缺损中的应用

目的介绍颗粒状松质骨打压植骨技术对髋臼骨缺损的重建方法。方法应用该技术对23例髋臼侧假体翻修患者及4例陈旧性髋臼骨折行人工全髋关节置换患者进行植骨,植骨块来源于深低温冰箱梯度降温后的冷冻干燥骨。术后进行临床评估及X线评估。结果术后平均随访3．1年,Harris评分平均提高36分,无1例假体需要再次翻修,有3例在X线上出现髋臼侧透亮带。结论打压植骨技术可以有效治疗髋臼骨缺损,应注重对颗粒松质骨的制备,植骨床的准备及对植骨块的紧密打压和固定。     

大量同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯翻修髋臼大面积骨缺损的中期疗效

目的探讨同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼翻修大面积髋臼骨缺损的技术要点,并随访其中期临床和影像学疗效。方法随访2004年9月-2009年8月之间连续收治的采用同种异体颗粒骨打压植骨联合非骨水泥多孔髋臼杯翻修髋臼骨缺损面积大于整个髋臼关节面50％的27例（27髋）患者。按AAOS分类标准均为AAOSⅢ型骨缺损。按Paprosky分类标准,PaproskyⅡ型19例（19髋）,PaproskyⅢ型8例（8髋）。髋臼假体与宿主自体骨接触面积均小于50％;其中有19例患者的髋臼杯全完与异体骨接触。评价术前、术后的Harris评分,肢体长度。在X线片上评价髋关节旋转中心、髋臼侧透亮线、以及植骨融合情况,并判断髋臼有无松动和移位。用Kaplan-Meier生存分析评价髋臼假体的6年生存率。结果患者均完成随访,平均随访时间（6．4±1．4）年（4～9年）。术前Harris评分为（14．9±4．4）分（6-34分）,最后随访时的Harris评分为（85．6±8．1）分（67～98分）,差异具有统计学意义意义（t=22．181,P〈0．01）。术前肢体短缩（14．7±5．1）mm（6～24mm）,术后肢体短缩（0．2±3．4）mm（-9～12mm）,差异具有统计学意义（t=19．223,P〈0．01）。术后髋关节旋转中心均在Renawat三角内。所有病例术后1～1．5年植入的异体骨均与宿主骨融合。无髋臼假体松动或失败。髋臼假体的6年生存率为100％（95％可信区间为0．95～1．0）。结论髋臼AAOSⅢ型、PaproskyⅡ型甚至部分Ⅲ骨缺损,只要髋臼顶及前、后柱3个方向均存在大部分的骨皮质及一定的支撑作用,即便骨缺损面积大于髋臼关节面的50％,仍可采用同种异体骨颗粒骨打压植骨结合多孔非骨水泥臼杯髋臼重建术进行修复,并可取的满意的中期疗效。     

颗粒打压植骨联合金属钛网应用于中度髋臼缺损髋翻修的早期研究

目的 分析颗粒松质骨打压植骨联合金属钛网应用于伴有中度髋臼骨缺损的全髋关节翻修术的早期临床效果,并比较该方法用于不同类型骨缺损的效果差异。方法 回顾性分析我院2008年7月至2015年3月采用金属钛网联合颗粒骨打压植骨技术行髋臼骨缺损翻修重建的19例（19髋）病人的临床资料,其中男8例,女11例。骨缺损采用Paprosky分型：ⅡB型7例,ⅡC型11例,ⅢA型1例。通过术后定期复查的髋部X线片评估术后的移植骨整合情况、假体稳定性及髋关节旋转中心的位置;分析比较病人手术前后各时间点的改良髋关节Harris评分（hip Harris score, HHS）及SF-36生活质量评分;采用Kaplan-Meier法对假体进行生存分析;比较ⅡB和ⅡC型骨缺损病人在上述指标方面的差异。结果 19例病人随访10~76个月,平均随访时间为4.7年。19例病人的移植骨状况良好,和宿主骨不同程度整合;1例病人因假体周围感染致假体松动行再次翻修;所有病人髋臼旋转中心均得到了良好重建;HHS评分由术前的（47.51±5.91）分提高至末次随访时的（90.30±5.53）分,差异有统计学意义（t=17.005,P=0.010）;SF-36生活质量评分术后也得到了显著提高;术后4.7年以再次翻修为研究终点的假体生存率为94.7%。ⅡB和ⅡC型骨缺损病人在上述指标的差异均无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）。结论 金属钛网联合颗粒松质骨打压植骨用于伴有骨缺损的髋关节翻修,早期临床效果良好,且对于Paprosky ⅡB和ⅡC型髋臼缺损的疗效相当。     

打压植骨技术结合金属网罩在髋关节初次置换或翻修术骨缺损重建中的应用

目的探讨打压植骨技术结合金属网罩固定应用于髋关节初次置换或翻修中严重骨缺损重建的可行性和效果。方法回顾性分析自2005-01—2008-12应用打压植骨技术结合金属网罩固定治疗且资料完整的17例（髋）髋关节初次置换或翻修中严重骨缺损。采用金属网罩固定使节段性缺损变为局限性缺损,采用新鲜深冻同种异体股骨髁作为打压植骨材料。结果 17例均获得随访24~60个月,平均35.8个月。植骨层与宿主骨之间模糊,可见骨小梁通过,假体与植骨层之间亦未出现明显透亮线。末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分平均85.4（81~90）分。结论打压植骨技术结合金属网罩固定是解决髋关节功能重建中关节周围骨缺损的较好方法。     

髋臼钛板加颗粒植骨治疗髋臼严重骨缺损

[目的]探讨髋臼钛板加颗粒植骨治疗髋臼严重骨缺损的临床效果。[方法]应用该技术治疗27例患者，髋臼骨缺损分型（AAOS分类）Ⅰ型6例，ⅡC型4例，Ⅲ型17例；术前髋关节Harris评分平均37分，术后根据临床及x线进行评估。[结果]所有患者均采用该方法重建髋臼，术后假体脱位1例，原因是重建钛板前倾过多与大粗隆发生撞击，经凿去部分粗隆骨质消除撞击因素后治愈。其余病例无并发症，平均随访3a，Harris评分平均87分。X线无1例患者的髋臼骨床、移植骨、重建钛板和聚乙烯内衬交界面出现透亮带。[结论]髋臼钛板加颗粒植骨可有效修复髋臼骨缺损，为假体提供坚强的初始固定，具有恢复髋关节旋转中心的作用。     

A method to assess primary stability of acetabular components in association with bone defects

The objectives of this study were to develop a simplified acetabular bone defect model based on a representative clinical case, derive four bone defect increments from the simplified defect to establish a step-wise testing procedure, and analyze the impact of bone defect and bone defect filling on primary stability of a press-fit cup in the smallest defined bone defect increment. The original bone defect was approximated with nine reaming procedures and by exclusion of specific procedures, four defect increments were derived. The smallest increment was used in an artificial acetabular test model to test primary stability of a press-fit cup in combination with bone graft substitute (BGS). A primary acetabular test model and a defect model without filling were used as reference. Load was applied in direction of level walking in sinusoidal waveform with an incrementally increasing maximum load (300 N/1000 cycles from 600 to 3000 N). Relative motions (inducible displacement, migration, and total motion) between cup and test model were assessed with an optical measurement system. Original and simplified bone defect volume showed a conformity of 99%. Maximum total motion in the primary setup at 600 N (45.7 ± 5.6 µm) was in a range comparable to tests in human donor specimens (36.0 ± 16.8 µm). Primary stability was reduced by the bone defect, but could mostly be reestablished by BGS-filling. The presented method could be used as platform to test and compare different treatment strategies for increasing bone defect severity in a standardized way.     

Graft incorporation after acetabular and femoral impaction grafting with washed irradiated allograft and autologous marrow

Rates of around 40% incorporation have been described when chips of irradiated cancellous allograft with retained fat were impacted with the Exeter technique. We report the results of acetabular and femoral impaction bone grafting during revision hip arthroplasty using washed irradiated allograft with autologous marrow. Eighty-five consecutive patients underwent acetabular and or femoral revision arthroplasty. Evidence of graft cortication and trabeculation was recorded on successive postoperative radiographs, over a mean period of 44 months. Ninety-six percent (49/51) and 90% (53/59) of patients showed incorporation in acetabular and femoral grafts, respectively. This was usually apparent by 6 months postoperatively. We conclude that the addition of autologous marrow to irradiated bone allograft during impaction grafting is a cheap and highly effective way of achieving graft incorporation.     

打压植骨结合金属网重建全髋关节翻修术中髋臼侧严重骨缺损

[目的]探讨在全髋关节翻修术中使用打压植骨技术结合金属网重建严重髋臼骨缺损的方法和效果。[方法]2001年12月至2006年1月应用打压植骨技术结合金属网重建严重髋臼侧骨缺损的患者共有21例21髋,男6例,女15例;翻修时平均年龄为51.9岁（38-77岁）。采用美国骨科医师协会（AAOS）分型,本组患者骨缺损均为AAOSⅢ型（混合型骨缺损）。采用金属网将非包容性骨缺损转变为包容性骨缺损,然后采用7-10 mm的深低温冷冻骨颗粒,使用打压植骨技术恢复骨量,重建髋关节的正常解剖形态,使用骨水泥将聚乙烯臼杯固定于理想的生物力学位置。拍摄术后3 d、3个月、1年及每年随访时的双髋正位片,以泪滴为参照,观察聚乙烯臼杯位置的变化及骨水泥层透亮线的变化,并进行Harris髋关节评分比较。[结果]平均随访2.8年（1-5年）,Harris评分从术前平均46.4分提高到术后81.3分,未发现臼杯松动病例。术后1例脱位,1例有坐骨神经受损症状。[结论]在髋关节翻修术中采用打压植骨技术并结合应用金属网的方法能较好地重建髋臼侧严重骨缺损,恢复骨量,辅助髋臼安放在理想的生物力学位置,并能提供良好的早期稳定性。     

打压植骨结合金属网重建髋臼严重骨缺损

目的 评价打压植骨结合金属网重建严重骨缺损髋臼的中期临床效果,分析Paprosky骨缺损分型在评价骨缺损时的重要性.方法 1998年12月至2007年12月采用打压植骨技术结合使用金属网片和(或)金属网杯进行严重髋臼缺损重建63例(67髋),所有患者均为AAOS Ⅲ型混合型缺损.其中58例患者(61髋)获得了完整随访,平均63个月.Paprosky Ⅱ B 19例(20髋),Paprosky Ⅱ C 27例(28髋),Paprosky Ⅲ A 12例(13髋).术前Harris髋关节评分平均41.7分(21～52分).术后随访时进行临床疗效、影像学及并发症等评估.结果 58例(61髋)患者Harris髋关节评分术后平均89.2分(81～98分),术后优良率达93%,除3例发生聚乙烯髋臼从网杯中脱出外,其余55例患者髋臼无影像学松动.1例使用金属网杯患者髋臼旋转中心未能恢复正常.3例术后脱位患者,其中2例手法复位,1例切开复位,均获成功.术后发生感染1例(1.6%),经二期翻修打压植骨成功治愈.结论 异体骨打压植骨配合金属网是处理严重髋臼骨缺损的理想技术.建议在使用打压植骨技术对严重髋臼缺损重建时,采用AAOS分型结合Paprosky分型方法对缺损的严重程度进行评价.金属网杯不适用于严重髋臼骨缺损的打压植骨重建.     

Midterm results of femoral impaction bone grafting with an allograft combined with hydroxyapatite in revision total hip arthroplasty

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of femoral impaction bone grafting with an allograft combined with hydroxyapatite (HA). Fifty-four consecutive femoral reconstructions that were performed with the use of frozen morselized allografts and HA were followed up retrospectively. The average follow-up period was 92 months. A femoral head and HA were mixed and used as allograft. The average Merle d'Aubigné clinical score improved from 8.9 preoperatively to 13.1 points postoperatively. Stem subsidence was seen in 26 hips; however, it was not progressive after 1 year postoperatively. Cortical repair was detected at an average of 7 months postoperatively. Impaction bone grafting with an allograft combined with HA provided favorable results, with bone remodeling and less subsidence.     

加强杯联合植骨技术修复翻修术中巨大髋臼骨缺损

[目的]介绍加强杯联合植骨技术在髋关节翻修手术中巨大髋臼骨缺损的修复应用。[方法]回顾分析2002—2007年，8例在翻修术中存在严重髋臼骨缺损患者，按D’Antonio分类：ⅡB型1例，ⅡC型2例，Ⅲ型5例；加强杯联合颗粒打压植骨3例，加强杯联合颗粒骨植骨＋结构性植骨5例；术后进行临床评估及X线评估。[结果]术后平均随访时间2．7年（6—49个月），未出现假体失败而需要再次翻修病例，植骨组织未见明显骨吸收。Harris评分系统评估患者髋关节功能，术后平均提高47分。[结论]采用颗粒骨打压植骨技术修复腔隙性骨缺损，结构性植骨恢复髋臼后方结构的完整，提高局部骨量，增加假体的骨性接触面，同时利用加强杯固定植骨组织，稳定假体，该方法可有效修复髋臼侧的巨大骨缺损。     

Early results of whole femoral head allograft with articular cartilage for acetabular impaction grafting in revision hip replacements

INTRODUCTION

Extensive bone loss associated with revision hip surgery is a significant orthopaedic challenge. Acetabular reconstruction with the use of impaction bone grafting and a cemented polyethylene cup is a reliable and durable technique in revision situations with cavitatory acetabular bone defects. Some use cancellous graft alone whilst others morselise the whole femoral head after removal of articular cartilage. This paper asks, if it really necessary to use pure cancellous graft?

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Forty-two acetabular revisions using impacted morselised bone graft without removal of articular cartilage and a cemented cup were studied retrospectively. The mean follow-up was 3 years (range, 2–5.6 years). Clinical and radiographic assessment was made using the Oxford hip score, Hodgkinson''s criteria (1988) for socket loosening and the Gie classification (1993) for evaluation of allograft consolidation and remodelling.

RESULTS

Forty (95%) sockets were considered radiologically stable (type 0, 1, 2 demarcations) and two (5%) sockets were radiologically loose (Type 3 demarcation). There was no socket migration in our series. Twenty-seven(64%) cases showed good trabecular remodelling (grade 3). Twelve (29%) cases showed trabecular incorporation (grade 2). Only three (7%) cases showed poor allograft incorporation (grade 1). Average pre-operative Oxford hip score was 41 and postoperative hip score was 27. There have been no socket re-revisions (100% survival) at an average of 3 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Early radiological and clinical survival results with retaining articular cartilage of femoral head allografts are similar and comparable to other major studies for acetabular impaction bone grafting in revisions. Minimal loss of allograft mass is 40% in obtaining pure cancellous graft. When there is a limited supply and demand of allograft, saving up to 40% of the material is a valuable and cost-effective use of scarce resources.     

钽金属大杯重建严重髋臼骨缺损的早期临床疗效观察

目的评估在全髋关节翻修术中应用钽金属Jumbo杯重建严重Gross型髋臼骨缺损的早期临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析了从2012年10月至2016年5月在山西医科大学第二医院关节外科使用钽金属Jumbo杯实施髋关节翻修手术患者17例。男6例,女11例,年龄49～78岁,平均(68± 7)岁。纳入标准：单侧初次翻修(对侧髋关节正常);翻修原因均为无菌性松动;Gross Ⅲ型和Gross Ⅳ型使用Jumbo杯翻修。排除标准：缺血性骨坏死;假体与宿主骨接触面积<30%;任何原因导致的失访。观察其髋关节Harris评分、髋臼外展角变化、髋臼旋转中心(水平及垂直方向位移)变化等情况及并发症,使用SPSS 22.0统计学软件包对手术前后计量指标进行配对t检验。 结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间(29±14)个月。没有出现假体松动,感染等并发症,只有1例患者于术后5 d后脱位,腰麻下闭合复位,术后皮肤牵引4周,至末次随访未发生脱位。术前Harris评分(32.8±4.8)分,末次随访时(87.1±4.7)分,差异有统计学意义(t＝62.46,P<0.05)。髋臼外展角和位移变化分别小于4°和4 mm,患侧髋臼中心(垂直距离和水平距离),末次随访时和术前相比,差异有统计学意义(t＝10.95,P<0.05;t＝5.53,P<0.05)。末次随访时健患侧髋臼旋转中心位置相比,差异无统计学意义(t＝1.78,P>0.05;t＝0.44,P>0.05)。术后髋臼旋转中心相比术前得到明显改变,与健侧相比差异不明显,基本重建了正常的髋臼旋转中心。 结论钽金属Jumbo杯增加与宿主骨接触面积,假体植入技术简单,减少植骨量,最大限度恢复旋转中心,臼杯骨长入快,可以取得显著的早期临床疗效。     

Optimizing the fat and water content of impaction bone allograft

Fresh morselized impacted bone graft usually fails due to shear forces. The presence of fat, water, and marrow particles act as interparticle lubricants, reducing the interlocking of particles and allowing the graft to move more freely. Furthermore, the presence of this incompressible fluid damps and resists compressive forces during impaction, preventing the graft particles from moving into a closer formation. We believe there exists an ideal concentration of fat and water that will maximize resistance to shear forces. We performed mechanical shear testing in vitro on morselized human femoral heads, varying the amount of fat and water to determine their optimum concentrations. Level of fat and water were determined that increased strength by 36% over unaltered bone graft. This is most closely approximated in an operating room by washing and subsequently squeezing the bone graft. Optimizing the fat and water content of bone graft produces a stronger graft that is more resistant to shear stresses, protecting the surgical construct until bone growth can occur. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 243–248, 2013