立氏立克次体蛋白抗原基因的表达和重组蛋白抗原的免疫印迹分析

目的表达立氏立克次体(Rickettsia rickettsii)主要抗原基因,免疫印迹初步分析重组蛋白抗原的抗原性。方法根据立氏立克次体全基因组序列选出主要抗原相关基因,采用PCR从全基因组中扩增抗原相关基因,将扩得的基因片段插入原核表达质粒构建抗原基因重组表达质粒,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌并诱导转化菌表达重组蛋白抗原。采用立氏立克次体感染的豚鼠血清和斑点热患者血清分别与纯化的重组蛋白抗原做免疫印迹分析。结果经PCR扩增后获得43个目的基因片段,其中36个基因片段在大肠杆菌中高效表达重组蛋白抗原,其中5个蛋白抗原在免疫印迹中与感染豚鼠血清和斑点热患者血清反应均为阳性。结论免疫印迹筛选出5种立氏立克次体重组蛋白抗原,结果提示它们是能够诱导机体产生特异性免疫应答的主要抗原,可作研制斑点热诊断试剂或亚单位疫苗的新候选蛋白抗原。     

立氏立克次体外膜蛋白B基因片段的克隆与表达

目的立氏立克次体(Rickettsiarickettsii)外膜蛋白B(OmpB)基因(ompB)片段的克隆与表达。方法采用PCR方法,从立氏立克次体基因组中扩增其ompB基因片段,将该基因片段与原核表达载体pQE30连接,构建重组原核表达质粒pQE30/ompB;将pQE30/ompB转入大肠杆菌细胞内,用IPTG诱导转化大肠杆菌表达目的基因。结果获得长为1188bp的ompB基因片段,SDS-PAGE分析发现pQE30/ompB转化菌表达了一44kDa蛋白,该蛋白与立氏立克次体免疫兔血清在免疫印迹分析中呈阳性反应,与其它立克次体免疫血清反应呈阴性,用该重组蛋白免疫血清做间接免疫荧光,检测立氏立克次体结果为阳性,而检测贝氏柯克斯体、恙虫病立克次体和普氏立克次体的结果为阴性。结论pQE30/ompB转化的大肠杆菌表达了ompB基因片段,所产生的重组蛋白具有立氏立克次体抗原特异性和良好的免疫反应性。     

贝氏柯克斯体感染小鼠血清与其毒力相关蛋白的免疫印迹反应

目的筛选与贝氏柯克斯体感染血清反应的贝氏柯克斯体毒力相关蛋白。方法以贝氏柯克斯体标准株九里株为模板,采用PCR扩增包括IV型分泌系统、分泌性蛋白和膜蛋白在内的毒力及毒力相关的基因,将扩得目的基因片段与原核表达质粒pET32a重组,将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌,用贝氏柯克斯体实验感染小鼠血清与转化大肠杆菌作免疫印迹。结果设计173对引物共扩增出170个目的基因,经PCR及酶切鉴定,有155个基因与pET32a质粒重组成功,SDS-PAGE电泳分析发现,共有104个转化菌表达目的蛋白,在104个重组蛋白中,筛选到32个与贝氏柯克斯体感染小鼠血清反应的重组蛋白。结论这些与贝氏柯克斯体感染血清反应的毒力相关蛋白具有良好的免疫原性和免疫反应性。     

普氏立克次体120kDa表面抗原N段基因的克隆与表达

目的　克隆和表达普氏立克次体 (Rickettsiaprowazekii) 12 0kDa外膜蛋白N段基因。 方法　采用PCR方法 ,从普氏立克次体基因组中扩增其 12 0kDa表面抗原N段基因片段 ,将其与原核表达载体 pQE30连接 ,构建重组质粒 pQE30 /2 6kDa,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌 ,用IPTG诱导大肠杆菌内的目的基因表达。结果　获得长为 717bp的PCR片段 ,序列分析结果与已知普氏立克次体 12 0kDa表面抗原基因一致 ;SDS -PAGE检测表达产物 ,在相对分子量 2 6 .3kDa处有一表达带 ;免疫印迹分析证明它能与普氏立克次体免疫兔血清反应 ;经双波长薄层扫描分析 ,目的蛋白占全菌体蛋白的 2 0 % ;提取表达菌体包涵体检查 ,证明目的蛋白主要存在于包涵体中。结论　普氏立克次体 12 0kDa表面抗原N段基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达 ,该重组蛋白具有良好的免疫反应性。     

用种特异性聚合酶链反应检测普氏立克次体的研究

目的　建立特异敏感的快速检验普氏立克次体PCR检测方法 ,并能与莫氏立克次体相区分。方法　采用种特异性巢式PCR方法 ,进行实验室模拟检测。结果　以普氏立克次体的rpa14 /16基因为靶标设计了两对引物 ;该引物特异性实验表明仅普氏立克次体特异性片段可以扩增出来 ,其余相关立克次体均扩增不出 ,尤其可鉴别其同群的莫氏立克次体 ;敏感性测试结果可检测出 6 3fg的普氏立克次体DNA ,可检测出 0 0 5个鸡胚半数感染量 (CEID5 0 )的立克次体 ;对人工模拟的小鼠脏器研磨液、血液标本检测发现该法在血液标本中的检测敏感性下降 3～ 4个滴度。结论　我们建立的巢式PCR可快速检验普氏立克次体 ,有望为临床确诊流行性斑疹伤寒和排除鼠型斑疹伤寒提供实验室依据     

狂犬病毒N基因的原核表达及间接ELISA方法的建立

目的用表达的狂犬病核蛋白建立检测狂犬病抗体的间接ELISA方法。方法根据GenBank发表的狂犬病病毒(Rabies Virus,RV)ERA株N基因序列设计引物,利用PCR的方法从重组质粒pMD-N中扩增RV N基因,将该基因片段定向克隆到原核表达载体pET28a(+)中,构建原核表达载体pET-N。阳性重组质粒转化原核表达宿主菌BL21(DE3),用IPTG诱导表达并确定表达N基因的最佳诱导时间。通过凝胶薄层扫描分析和Western-blot分析确定表达蛋白的表达量和特异性。用纯化的表达产物作为诊断抗原,通过对各反应条件的优化,初步建立检测RV抗体的间接ELISA方法。结果扩增了RV N基因,构建了原核表达载体pET-N和原核表达菌,表达了N基因且目的蛋白以包涵体形式存在表达菌中,最佳诱导时间为4 h。重组蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的56.8%,并能与RV阳性血清发生特异性反应。用表达的狂犬病重组N蛋白建立了用于RV抗体检测的间接ELISA方法。结论成功表达了狂犬病核蛋白,用表达的狂犬病核蛋白建立的间接ELISA方法可以用于RV抗体的检测。     

查菲埃立克体重组120kDa抗原的初步应用研究

目的　克隆查菲埃立克体 12 0kDa膜表面抗原蛋白基因 ,获得纯化的重组蛋白。方法　根据查菲埃立克体(91HE17) 12 0kDa抗原蛋白基因序列设计特异性引物 ,PCR扩增查菲埃立克体 12 0kDa抗原蛋白的基因片段 ;用限制性内切酶酶切PCR扩增产物后与 pUC18载体相连接 ,经酶切和序列分析证实后 ,将目标片段定向插入原核表达载体pProEXHTB中构建pProEXHTB/ p12 0重组质粒 ;将重组质粒转化E coliDH5α ,并使转化子在IPTG的诱导下进行蛋白质表达 ;运用亲和层析和电洗脱法对重组蛋白进行纯化。结果　克隆到一大小为 10 80bp的查菲埃立克体 12 0kDa抗原蛋白的基因片段 ,用该基因与表达质粒连接 ,成功构建了重组表达质粒 ;SDS -PAGE分析显示 :在IPTG诱导下 ,重组表达质粒转化的大肠杆菌产生一分子量为 4 7kDa的目标蛋白 ,免疫印迹证明该重组蛋白能与查菲埃立克体免疫血清发生反应。用纯化的重组蛋白作免疫斑点分析 ,76份被检血清中有 2份为可疑阳性 ,但经IFA复核为阴性。结论　查菲埃立克体 12 0kDa重组抗原蛋白具有免疫反应活性 ,为以重组蛋白为基础的人单核细胞埃立克体病的血清学诊断试剂盒制备和疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

弓形虫致密颗粒抗原GRA8的原核和真核表达质粒的构建

目的 构建弓形虫RH株致密颗粒抗原GRA8的原核和真核重组表达质粒。方法 参照GRA8序列分别设计引物。采用PCR从弓形虫RH株基因组DNA中分别扩增出编码GRA8的基因片段，克隆至pMD18-T载体；菌落PCR鉴定阳性克隆并测序分析；各组阳性克隆的质粒分别亚克隆至原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-2和真核表达载体pVAXl，分别转化大肠杆菌BL21和JM109,PCR和酶切鉴定转化菌落的插入序列；将构建的原核表达菌株经IPTG诱导，SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析融合蛋白的表达；将构建的真核重组表达质粒免疫小鼠，观察其诱导的抗体应答。结果 PCR扩增出GRA8基因的特异片段。各组阳性克隆的序列正确，并分别被亚克隆到原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-2和真核表达载体pVAXl上，构建了弓形虫致密颗粒抗原GRA8的原核和真核重组表达质粒；原核表达质粒在大肠杆菌中表达了GRA8的融合蛋白；真核重组表达质粒诱导小鼠产生了抗弓形虫抗原的抗体。结论以pGEX-4T-2和pVAX1为载体，分别成功构建了GRA8的原核和真核重组表达质粒     

恙虫病东方体Gilliam株56kDa外膜蛋白基因的克隆与表达

目的　表达恙虫病东方体 (Orientiatsutsugamushi)Gilliam株 5 6kDa外膜蛋白 ,探索其作为诊断抗原的可能性。方法　采用PCR方法 ,从Ot Gilliam株菌种基因组DNA中扩增出 5 6kDa外膜蛋白基因片段 ,将目的基因片段定向插入原核表达载体pQE30 ,再用重组质粒转化大肠杆菌 ,最后用IPTG诱导转化菌 ,SDS -PAGE和Western -blotting检测重组质粒目的基因的表达。结果　 (1)获得长约 15 0 0bp的Ot Gilliam株 5 6kDa外膜蛋白基因 ,SDS -PAGE检测表达产物 ,在相对分子量5 6× 10 4处有表达带 ;(2 )DNA测序证明重组质粒 pQE30 / 5 6中插入的基因片段的序列与已报告的Ot Gilliam株 5 6kDa外膜蛋白基因序列基本一致。 (3)诱导表达菌体经超声破碎后 ,显示目的蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在 ;(4 )免疫印迹显示该重组质粒转化的大肠杆菌有一相对分子量约为 5 6× 10 4的独特蛋白带 ,该蛋白约占细菌蛋白总量的 2 9 4 %。结论　Ot Gilliam株5 6kDa外膜蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达 ,表达的重组蛋白具有免疫反应性 ,与Ot Gilliam株感染的小鼠血清在免疫印迹中呈阳性反应。     

羊种布鲁菌omp25的原核表达与免疫原性检测*

摘 要:目的　在大肠杆菌中表达羊种布鲁菌omp25基因并鉴定重组蛋白的免疫原性。　方法　从羊种布鲁菌中用聚合酶链反应技术(PCR)扩增得到布鲁菌omp25基因片段,并将目的基因插入原核表达载体PET-32a中,构建重组质粒PET-32a/omp25转入大肠杆菌E.coliRosetta中并进行诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE和western-blot检测表达蛋白。　结果　成功构建了重组质粒PET-32a/omp25,并在大肠杆菌Rosetta中获得了重组蛋白,重组蛋白与布鲁菌阳性血清发生特异性反应。　结论 重组质粒PET-32a/omp25可以在大肠杆菌Rosetta中成功表达,并且重组蛋白可与布鲁菌阳性血清发生特异性反应,说明该重组蛋白有良好的免疫原性,该研究为之后的疫苗的研制及布鲁菌病的检测打下良好的基础。     

贝氏柯克斯体5种重组表面蛋白抗原包被酶联免疫吸附试验的特异性和敏感性分析

目的 使用贝氏柯克斯体5种重组表面蛋白作为包被抗原的酶联免疫吸附试验用于血清学检测的特异性和敏感性分析。方法 本研究建立由贝氏柯克斯体的Com1、GroEL、Mip、OmpH、RplL重组表面蛋白抗原分别包被的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法,然后分别检测贝氏柯克斯体实验感染小鼠血清和Q热患者血清中IgG特异性抗体。结果 8份贝氏柯克斯体感染小鼠血清中除1份血清与RplL反应为阴性外其它均为阳性;11份Q热患者血清中除1份血清与RplL、1份血清与OmpH反应为阴性外,其它血清反应均为阳性。将这5种重组蛋白分别与莫氏立克次体、黑龙江立克次体、恙虫病东方体实验感染小鼠血清反应,除1份黑龙江立克次体感染小鼠血清与GroEL反应为阳性外,其它血清反应均为阴性。另外,Com1对斑疹伤寒、斑点热、恙虫病患者血清的阳性反应率平均为22.2%,GroEL为25.0%,Mip为25.0%,OmpH为25.0%,RplL为13.9%。结论 这些结果证明这5种重组蛋白抗原均可被贝氏柯克斯体感染血清所识别。所建立的ELISA方法具有良好特异性和敏感性,可用作Q热血清学诊断。     

普氏立克次体14KD蛋白基因DNA、生物素探针的制备及其应用的研究

我们用长臂光敏生物素标记了克隆的普氏立克次体Brein 1株的14KD蛋白基因DNA,并对此DNA探针的应用价值进行了研究。此DNA探针能与普氏立克次体(Rickettsia prowazekii)和莫氏立克次体(Rickettsia mooseri)的DNA杂交而不能与斑点热群立克次体(Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae)和大肠杆菌的DNA杂交。此生物素探针能检测出1ng的普氏立克次体DNA,并能检测出人工感染豚鼠的早期血液中的普氏立克次体和莫氏立克次体。     

Enzyme immunoassay of antibody to Rochalimaea quintana: diagnosis of trench fever and serologic cross-reactions among other rickettsiae.

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests were used to diagnose trench fever and to determine cross-reactions of Rochalimaea quintana with other rickettsiae. The results were compared with those obtained by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). All sera from cases of primary or relapsed forms of trench fever were positive both in EIA, with serum antibody titers of 1:20-1:640, and in CIE, giving one to three precipitin lines. Sera from patients with other rickettsial infections were also tested for reactivity with R. quintana antigen: typhus group (Rickettsia prowazekii, Ricketsia mooseri), 15 sera; spotted fever group (Ricketsia ricketsii, Rickettsia akari), eight sera; and scrub typhus (Rickettsia tsutsugamushi), six sera. Strong reactions occurred with four sera from patients with scrub typhus, giving one or two lines in CIE and EIA titers of 1:40-1:160; these results were extended to guinea pig antisera to R. tsutsugamushi. About 50% of typhus group sera reacted with a single line in CIE and had antibody titers of 1:20-1:80 by EIA. The results show that EIA is accurate for the diagnosis of trench fever and, with the results obtained by CIE, suggest that R. quintana is antigenically related to R. tsutsugamushi and possibly to rickettsiae in the typhus group as well.     

An experimental model of human body louse infection with Rickettsia prowazekii

Rickettsia prowazekii is transmitted to humans by the body louse. A new experimental model of body louse infection with R. prowazekii is reported here. Eight hundred human lice were infected by feeding on a rabbit that was made bacteremic by injecting 2x106 plaque-forming units of R. prowazekii. The bacterium invaded the stomach cells and was released in feces, in which it was detected 5 days after infection. At day 6 after infection, as a result of the cell burst and the spread of erythrocytes in the hemolymph, the louse became bright red and died within 4 h. The life span of infected lice was shortened by 20-23 days, compared with that of uninfected control lice. Infected lice did not transmit R. prowazekii to their progeny. Through cell culture, rickettsiae were cultivated from fecal samples up to 10 days after their emission. The administration of doxycycline to the rabbit during louse feeding did not cure lice from R. prowazekii infection.     

应用免疫蛋白质组学方法鉴定日本血吸虫虫卵诊断抗原

目的虫卵可溶性抗原（soluble egg antigen,SEA）是目前日本血吸虫病免疫诊断中最常用的抗原。本研究联合应用双向凝胶电泳（2-DE）、Western blot和MALDI-TOF质谱等技术,鉴定SEA中诊断抗原蛋白质。方法 SEA经2-DE分离蛋白质后进行银染,或应用日本血吸虫感染兔血清Western blot筛选抗原蛋白点,用MALDI-TOF/TOF串联质谱鉴定每一抗原蛋白质分子。结果虫卵可溶性蛋白分子经2-DE分离后转印PVDF膜上,与感染兔血清孵育出现29个特异性阳性反应点,与健康兔血清出现3个非特异的阳性反应点;29个特异性抗阳性反应点中,从银染2-DE胶图上找到21个匹配的抗原蛋白质点;MALDI-TOF/TOF质谱鉴定和NCBI数据库检索,13个点（61.9%）获得匹配蛋白质,4个点（19.0%）获得匹配EST,4个点（19.0%）未能从数据库中找到相匹配的信息。重组表达筛选出的SjCHGC06040和SjP40两个抗原蛋白质,Western blot结果显示reSjCHGC06040、reSjP40均能与感染兔血清抗体发生特异性反应,具有潜在的应用价值。结论 2-DE、MALDI-TOF质谱联合Western blot的免疫蛋白质组学研究方法,用于筛选、鉴定SEA中诊断抗原蛋白质,是切实可行的;但该方法存在一定的局限性,有待进一步改进。     

Protection of mice against Schistosoma mansoni infection by passive transfer of sera from infected rabbits

Sera from rabbits infected with unattenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae conferred significant levels of protection against S. mansoni challenge ( P  < 0.001) after passive transfer to mice. Infected rabbit sera were only effective in conferring protection when transferred during the first week of infection, and were not effective when administered against liver-stage worms. Immunoglobulins isolated from the infected rabbit sera with Protein A-Sepharose were shown to be responsible for the transfer of protection to mice. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the sera were more reactive against the surface of three hour-old mechanically transformed schistosomula than against the surfaces of lung-stage schistosomula. The sera from infected rabbits reacted polyspecifically against antigens in cercaria, schistosomula, and the worm and egg stages of the S. mansoni life-cycle. The host parasite relationship of S. mansoni in the rabbit is discussed.     

Segregation of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I and II infections by antibody reactivity to unique viral epitopes.

A recombinant protein of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) gp46 outer membrane envelope, MTA-4 (residues 129-203), reacted by Western blot with sera from HTLV-I-infected individuals from the United States and Jamaica but not with 24 (10%) of 242 Japanese sera. A related gp46 recombinant protein, MTA-1 (residues 162-209), reacted with all 58 sera from HTLV-I-infected US and Jamaican individuals and 238 of 242 sera from infected Japanese (combined sensitivity of 99%). Neither recombinant showed reactivity to sera from HTLV-II-infected individuals or uninfected controls. The reactivity of recombinant proteins containing the region of HTLV-II gp46 analogous to MTA-1 was also evaluated by Western blot: GH2-K15 (residues 157-205) and GH2-K55 (residues 162-205) reacted with 88 (98%) and 89 (99%), respectively, of 90 sera from HTLV-II-infected individuals but not with sera from HTLV-I-infected individuals or uninfected controls. These recombinant proteins should permit the development of assays to unambiguously confirm and differentiate HTLV-I and HTLV-II infections.     

Experimental infection with Rickettsia mooseri and antibody response of adult and newborn laboratory rats

Quantitative studies of selected features of peripherally induced Rickettsia mooseri (= R. typhi) infection in Rattus norvegicus-derived white laboratory rats revealed a unique association between microbe and amplifying vertebrate host which appears to be especially conducive to maintenance of the enzootic cycle. Both adult and newborn (1-3 days old) rats were highly susceptible to percutaneous infection (ID50 = approximately 1 organism), but neither showed signs of disease or died even when inoculated with 10(4)-10(5) plaque-forming units. Gain in body weight of infected newborn rats was indistinguishable from that of uninfected newborn rats over the first 3 weeks of life. The course of the systemic infection, as measured by the rise and fall of R. mooseri titers in blood, brain and kidney and the serum antibody response, was almost identical in adult and newborn rats. Thus, despite their immaturity in certain immunological processes, newborn rats controlled postnatal R. mooseri infection about as well as did adult rats. The rickettsemic period of about 10 days corresponds to the period of infectivity of inoculated rats for fleas. Rickettsiae were not isolated from blood, brain or kidneys by methods employed for more than 4-5 weeks after infection. Serum antirickettsial antibodies persisted for at least 60 weeks postinfection, i.e., longer than the usual life span of rats in nature and, hence, are a valid measure of the cumulative experience of rat populations with R. mooseri infection.