BACTEC MGIT 960用于结核分枝杆菌直接药敏试验的研究

目的探讨BACTEC MGIT 960系统在结核分枝杆菌直接药敏试验的临床应用价值。方法对200株临床涂阳痰标本应用BACTEC MGIT 960系统进行一线抗结核药（链霉素、异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇）结核分枝杆菌直接药敏试验,并与同步进行的BACTEC MGIT 960间接药敏试验及传统改良罗氏（L-J）比例法药敏试验进行比较,从结果报告时间和符合率等方面进行评价。统计学分析分别采用配对资料的t检验和Kappa检验。结果 BACTEC MGIT960直接药敏试验报告时间为（9.7±3.1）d,与BACTEC MGIT 960间接药敏试验报告时间（17.5±6.6）d比较差异有统计学意义（t=14.7,P〈0.01）,与L-J法报告时间（50.4±8.6）d比较差异有统计学意义（t=73.4,P〈0.01）;4种一线抗结核药物链霉素、异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇药敏BACTEC MGIT 960直接法与BACTEC MGIT 960间接法药敏结果总符合率为97.3%,BACTEC MGIT 960直接法与L-J法药敏结果总符合率为96.2%。结论 BACTEC MGIT 960直接药敏试验快速、准确,可用于结核分枝杆菌的药物敏感性检测,利于耐药结核病的早期诊断和治疗。     

BACTEC MIGT960在结核分枝杆菌药物敏感性试验中的临床研究

目的 评价BACTEC MIGT960快速检测8种抗结核药物敏感性效果。方法 收集住院结核病人痰标本分离的结核分枝杆菌菌株,分别采用L-J比例法和MGIT960法进行药物敏感性检测,在完成一线4种药物的药敏检测后,选取对任何一种一线药物(异烟肼、利福平、链霉素和乙胺丁醇)耐药的菌株进行二线药物(卷曲霉素、卡那霉素、氧氟沙星和乙硫异烟胺)敏感性检测。从结果报告时间和符合率等方面进行评价。统计学分析采用kappa检验和t检验,P值为0.05。结果 对212株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行了4种一线药物的药物敏感性检测,随后,对耐任何一种一线药物的90株菌进行了4种二线药物的药物敏感性检测,以L-J比例法为金标准,MGIT 960法的准确度和Kappa值分别为:异烟肼96.0%和0.92,利福平99.0%和0.98,链霉素99.0%和0.97,乙胺丁醇96.0%和0.81,卷曲霉素100.0%和1.00,卡那霉素99.0%和0.85,氧氟沙星96.0%和0.88,乙硫异烟胺94.0%和0.73;完成一线/二线药物药敏试验的平均时间,MGIT 960为8.10和10d,L-J法则均为30d,两种方法培养时间的差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。结论 MGIT 960法与传统的L-J比例法药敏试验比较,具有符合率较好、检测时间明显缩短的特点,有利于临床及时有效合理化用药。     

MGIT 960系统行二线抗结核药物敏感性试验的实用性评价

目的 评价全自动BACTEC MGIT 960系统在结核分枝杆菌二线抗结核药物（second-line anti-TB drugs,SLD）药敏试验中的实用性。 方法 本实验纳入患者435例。该纳入患者均通过痰涂片抗酸染色（萋-尼法）镜检,L-J固体和MGIT 960系统液体培养及鉴定,共筛查出阳性菌株212例。212例阳性菌株分别进行一线抗结核药物异烟肼（INH）、利福平（RFP）、链霉素（S）和乙胺丁醇（EMB）的耐药性试验,其中耐药菌株（所有耐药株）118例。以118例耐药株作为SLD药敏试验实验株,应用L-J和MGIT 960两种方法分别进行卷曲霉素（Cm）、卡那霉素（Km）、氧氟沙星（Ofx）和乙硫异烟胺（Eto）的药物敏感性试验,并计算出两方法药敏试验所需的时间和符合率;L-J和MGIT960两种培养方法的比较采用配对设计的卡方检验;两种方法检测结果的一致性用Kappa值检验判别。 结果 MGIT 960系统药敏试验所需时间平均10.0 d（1183/118）,L-J固体培养法所需时间平均28.5 d（3360/118）,两者相差18.5 d。MGIT 960与L-J培养法的SLD Cm、Km、Ofx和Eto敏感及耐药符合率和一致性检验Kappa值分别为88.1%（104/118）和0.520;95.8%（113/118）和0.815;91.5%（108/118）和0.824;71.2%（84/118）和0.375。 结论 MGIT 960系统液体培养法常用SLD药敏试验与金标准（L-J培养）比较除Eto外符合率高、一致性好;该方法检测快速、准确,具有很强的实用性,可作为结核分枝杆菌快速培养和药敏试验的新方法。     

MGIT960与罗氏培养法在结核分枝杆菌培养及药敏试验中的比对分析

目的 比对全自动Bactec MGIT960（MGIT960）系统与改良罗氏（L-J）培养方法 2者在结核分枝杆菌培养、鉴定及药敏试验中的优越性。 方法 按国家疾病预防控制中心（CDC）-碧迪项目辽宁工作方案要求和国际标准WS288-2009《肺结核诊断标准》纳入临床病例。本实验共纳入病例435例,其中男性319例,女性116例,平均年龄52.3岁（10～86岁）。上述每份病例标本均分别进行痰液涂片抗酸染色（萋-尼法）镜检,L-J固体培养和MGIT960系统液体培养。培养阳性者分别进行一线药物异烟肼（INH）、利福平（RIF）、链霉素（STR）和乙胺丁醇（EMB）的L-J法药敏试验（比例法）和MGIT960药敏试验;分别计算出抗酸染色镜检与MGIT960和L-J培养的符合率; L-J培养和MGIT960培养阳性检出率;L-J和MGIT960两种培养方法药敏试验所需的培养时间及符合率等。 结果MGIT960培养法和L-J培养法与痰涂片镜检的阳性符合率分别为90.8%（187/206）和89.3%（184/206）;MGIT960与L-J结果符合率92.8%（219/236）;MGIT960和L-J平均培养时间分别为9.5 d和31.5 d;MGIT960和L-J一线药物INH、RIF、STR和EMB敏感性试验的符合率分别为92.7%、95.9%、91.8%和97.3%。 结论 全自动MGIT960系统培养方法的敏感度和特异度高于L-J培养法,报告时间平均缩短至9.5-d,该系统是目前最为理想的快速结核分枝杆菌培养、鉴定和药敏试验检测系统。     

荧光PCR熔解曲线法检测结核分枝杆菌耐药基因的结果分析

目的 分析和探讨荧光PCR熔解曲线法对结核病的诊断和耐药检测的应用价值。方法 收集2015年9月至2016年12月新疆维吾尔自治区胸科医院的976例疑似结核病患者的痰标本,运用探针荧光PCR熔解曲线法来检测结核分枝杆菌及其对利福平、异烟肼的耐药突变情况。以BACTEC MGIT 960液体培养法及液体药敏试验检测结果为标准,评价探针荧光PCR熔解曲线法鉴定结核分枝杆菌及其耐药突变检测的敏感度、特异度、一致率、Kappa值等。结果 以MGIT 960液体培养结果为标准,荧光PCR熔解曲线法鉴定结核DNA的敏感度为85.44%(135/158),特异度为94.01%(769/818),Kappa值为0.75,诊断符合率为92.62%(904/976)。以MGIT 960液体药敏试验结果为标准,荧光PCR熔解曲线法对异烟肼耐药突变检测的敏感度为83.33%(20/24),特异度为94.59%(105/111),Kappa值为0.76,诊断符合率为92.59%(125/135);荧光PCR熔解曲线法对利福平耐药突变检测的敏感度为95.83%(23/24),特异度为95.50%(106/111),Kappa值为0.86,诊断符合率为95.56%(129/135)。结论 荧光PCR熔解曲线法检测速度快,对利福平和异烟肼耐药突变检测结果具有良好的敏感度和特异度,可用于临床上对结核分枝杆菌利福平和异烟肼耐药情况的快速筛查。     

基因芯片技术检测结核分枝杆菌利福平和异烟肼耐药性临床应用评价

目的评价基因芯片技术检测结核分枝杆菌利福平和异烟肼耐药性的临床应用效果。方法利用基因芯片技术对涂阳肺结核患者的痰标本和临床分离株进行利福平和异烟肼耐药基因位点检测,比较痰标本与菌株检测结果的差异;并以BACTEC MGIT 960药敏试验结果为对照评价基因芯片的检测性能。另外,通过对999株鉴定为结核分枝杆菌的临床分离菌株进行rpoB、katG和inhA基因耐药相关区域扩增产物测序,以验证基因芯片对核酸序列检测的准确性。结果在涂阳的1 108例标本中有100例经基因芯片菌种鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌。其余的1 008例痰标本基因芯片结果与BACTEC MGIT960培养阳性的菌株基因芯片结果比较仅有9例结果不一致,符合率为99.1%。以BACTEC MGIT960培养法药敏结果为对照,999株菌株基因芯片法检测利福平耐药性的符合率为98.1%,异烟肼的耐药性的符合率为94.5%。与DNA测序法相比,基因芯片法检测利福平和异烟肼耐药性的准确率分别为99.6%和99.8%。结论基因芯片技术能够快速、准确地进行结核分枝杆菌利福平和异烟肼的耐药性检测,并能直接用于痰标本检测。     

噬菌体生物扩增法与改良罗氏比例法在结核杆菌药敏检测中的比较

目的　采用噬菌体生物扩增法 (PhaB法)与传统比例法对结核分枝杆菌临床株进行利福平、异烟肼药物敏感试验,建立一种快速、敏感、特异、价廉的结核杆菌药敏试验方法。方法 分别采用噬菌体生物扩增法和改良罗氏比例法检测 52株结核分枝杆菌临床株对利福平、异烟肼的敏感性,将二者结果进行比较。结果 比例法检测结果为利福平耐药株的 34株中,噬菌体生物扩增法检测结果为 32株耐药,2株敏感 ;18株敏感株中噬菌体方法检测结果为 17株敏感,1株耐药。噬菌体方法检测结核菌对利福平的灵敏度为 94.1%(32/34),特异度为 94.4%(17/18),符合率为 94.2%(49/52)。比例法检测为异烟肼耐药的 38株菌中,噬菌体方法检测 35株耐药,3株敏感;14株异烟肼敏感株中,噬菌体方法检测 11株敏感,3株耐药。噬菌体方法检测异烟肼敏感性的灵敏度为 92.1%(35/38),特异度为 78.6%(11/14),符合率为 88.5%(46/52)。结论 用噬菌体生物扩增法可快速、准确地检测结核分枝杆菌对利福平的敏感性,灵敏度高,与WHO推荐使用的比例法符合率高,可在 48h得到结果。异烟肼耐药性检测用噬菌体方法的特异度不如利福平,有待进一步探讨其原因。     

噬菌体生物扩增法与改良罗氏比例法在结核杆菌药敏检测中的比较

目的 采用噬菌体生物扩增法(PhaB法)与传统比例法对结核分枝杆菌临床株进行利福平、异烟肼药物敏感试验，建立一种快速、敏感、特异、价廉的结核杆菌药敏试验方法。方法 分别采用噬菌体生物扩增法和改良罗氏比例法检测52株结核分枝杆菌临床株对利福平、异烟肼的敏感性，将二者结果进行比较。结果 比例法检测结果为利福平耐药株的34株中，噬菌体生物扩增法检测结果为32株耐药，2株敏感；18株敏感株中噬菌体方法检测结果为17株敏感，1株耐药。噬菌体方法检测结核菌对利福平的灵敏度为94．1％(32／34)，特异度为94．4％(17／18)，符合率为94．2％(49／52)。比例法检测为异烟肼耐药的38株菌中，噬菌体方法检测35株耐药，3株敏感；14株异烟肼敏感株中，噬菌体方法检测11株敏感，3株耐药。噬菌体方法检测异烟肼敏感性的灵敏度为92．1％(35／38)，特异度为78．6％(11／14)，符合率为88．5％(46／52)。结论 用噬菌体生物扩增法可快速、准确地检测结核分枝杆菌对利福平的敏感性，灵敏度高，与WHO推荐使用的比例法符合率高，可在48h得到结果。异烟肼耐药性检测用噬菌体方法的特异度不如利福平，有待进一步探讨其原因。     

利福平和异烟肼结核分枝杆菌药敏表型和基因型的关系

目的 对利福平（RFP）和异烟肼（INH）进行药敏检测,分析相应的结核分枝杆菌药敏表型与基因型的关系。 方法 对2009年至2012年深圳市第三人民医院结核病门诊和住院的137例结核病患者晨痰标本进行结核分枝杆菌培养,利用膜基因芯片法检测结核分枝杆菌耐药基因的突变情况（基因型检测）,同时以绝对浓度法进行异烟肼和利福平药敏试验（表型检测）,计算两种方法检测结果间的符合率,验证膜基因芯片方法的准确性,用Kappa检验分析两种方法的一致性。 结果137株结核分枝杆菌标本,表型检测利福平和异烟肼耐药率分别为27.01%（37/137）和22.63%（31/137）;基因型检测利福平和异烟肼耐药率分别为26.28%（36/137）和23.36%（32/137）;以绝对浓度法药敏结果为金标准,膜基因芯片检测利福平耐药的敏感度为83.78%(31/37),特异度为94.06%(95/101),符合率为91.97% (126/137),Kappa值为0.79,P<0.05;异烟肼耐药的敏感度为80.65%(25/31),特异度为94.29%（99/105）,符合率为90.51%(124/137),Kappa值为0.73,P<0.05;两种药物药敏结果总符合率为91.24%(250/274)。 结论 结核分枝杆菌耐药性基因型检测和表型检测结果高度一致,且基因型的检测方法能快速准确地检测结核分枝杆菌对利福平和异烟肼的耐药性,有望在临床治疗中广泛应用。     

利用960系统快速鉴定结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的可行性研究

目的探讨应用BACTEC MGIT960系统的分枝杆菌生长指示管(Mycobacter GrowthIndicator Tube,MGIT)加入对硝基苯甲酸(ρ-Nitro benzoic Acid,PNB)区分结核分枝杆菌复合群(MTBC)与非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的可行性。方法用含PNB MGIT检测5株标准分枝杆菌菌株的体外抑菌浓度,并对111株临床分离菌株与传统改良罗氏(L wenstein-Jensen,L-J)PNB鉴定进行比较。结果以PNB300μg/ml为界,111株临床分离菌株PNB MGIT法与L-J PNB的菌群鉴定相比较符合率为90.09%;鉴定结果报告平均7.72 d,与L-J PNB法比较有显著性差异,检测时间明显缩短(P&lt;0.001)。结论应用960系统PNB MGIT法鉴定分枝杆菌菌群的方法快速、准确、实用。     

Evaluation of Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

SETTING: Mycobacteria Supranational Reference Laboratory. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) method for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DESIGN: One hundred and one clinical strains of M. tuberculosis were evaluated for their susceptibilities to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) and streptomycin (SM) by MGIT and by the proportion method on L?wenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium. The concentrations of drugs in MGIT were: 0.1, 1.0, 3.5 and 0.8 microg/ml for INH, RIF, EMB and SM, respectively. RESULTS: The results for individual drugs showed a good correlation: the specificity was 100% for INH, RIF and EMB and 92% for SM; the sensitivity was 100%, 94.6%, 96.1% and 89.7% for INH, RIF, EMB and SM, respectively, and the accuracy values 1.0, 0.98, 0.99 and 0.91. CONCLUSION: The MGIT system appears to be a reliable and simple non-radiometric method for the drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis.     

Evaluation of the BACTEC MGIT 960 system for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates compared with the proportion method on solid media]

The methods most widely used for susceptibility testing against anti-tuberculosis drug (AST) are the proportion method on L?wenstein-Jensen egg (L-J), Ogawa egg or Middle-brook agar media, and BACTEC TB 460 system. Recently, drug concentrations have been established for AST using the automated BACTEC MGIT 960 system (aMGIT). We have evaluated the BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE kit for AST of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid, rifampin, streptomycin and ethambutol. Also we compared the results with the proportion methods on Middlebrook 7H10 agar (7H10), L-J and Ogawa egg, and the manual MGIT system (mMGIT). Overall concordance rates among aMGIT and the proportion method on 7H10 or Ogawa media were 98.3% and 96.9% for 4 first-line drugs, respectively. Rates were particularly high for isoniazid and rifampin between aMGIT and 7H10 (efficiency of 100%). On the other hand, overall concordance rates among two egg media, L-J and Ogawa were 99.9%. Agreement between aMGIT and mMGIT was high for the AST to isoniazid and rifampin, but lower for the AST to ethambutol (90.9%), which relates to a lower specificity of mMGIT. The mean times to aMGIT and mMGIT results of susceptibility were 7 and 6 days, respectively, contrasted with 3 weeks in 7H10 and 4 weeks in L-J and Ogawa, indicating that both MGIT systems have the potential to consistently meet the turnaround time suggested by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of the United States. These results demonstrate that the fully automated BACTEC MGIT 960 SIRE system for AST is useful for rapid diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis.     

Comparative study of bactec MGIT 960 AST and conventional proportion method using Ogawa medium for the drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of drug susceptibility testing to isoniazid with BACTEC MGIT 960 (MGIT AST) comparing with the standard proportion method using Ogawa medium. METHOD: A total of 1109 M. tuberculosis strains, which were selected from the collection of RYOKEN drug resistance survey in 2002, were selected and subjected to the susceptibility testing to isoniazid using MGIT AST and 1% Ogawa standard methods. The results from MGIT AST were compared with the judicial diagnosis by Ogawa. The sensitivity to detect drug resistance, the specificity for susceptible strain, the efficiency of overall agreement, and kappa coefficient were calculated to evaluate the performance. The treatment process, outcome and prognosis were analysed for the patients on whom the tests showed discrepant results. RESULTS: Compared with the judicial results, the sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and kappa coefficient of MGIT AST were 100%, 97.1%, 97.3%, and 0.798, respectively. The strains, which showed discrepant results between MGIT AST and Ogawa, were all susceptible by Ogawa and resistant by MGIT AST. A total of 11 out of 30 discrepant cases were followed clinically and no relapse cases were identified, irrespective of the modification of the treatment regimen. As for the proportion of primary INH drug resistance in the present study, it was 5.3% with MGIT AST but was 2.7% with Ogawa, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). DISCUSSION: The discrepancies on the results of drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis strains to isoniazid between MGIT AST and 1% Ogawa proportion method have been reported. In the present study, the sensitivity, specificity, and overall efficiency of MGIT AST on the prevalent strains in Japan were all beyond 95%, and considered sufficient as the anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing (AST), though 2.7% of discrepancy was observed. Even for the discrepant cases, there was no difference in the treatment outcome and prognosis. Thus, MGIT AST was confirmed as a reliable AST method comparable to Ogawa standard. However, MGIT AST might increase the proportion of INH resistance if it was used as a major AST method, compared with Ogawa.     

显微镜观察药物敏感性技术检测结核分枝杆菌应用效果观察

目的 探讨显微镜观察药物敏感性检测（MODS）方法用于结核分枝杆菌（MTB）分离培养和耐药检测的应用效果.方法 收集276份肺结核临床疑似患者的痰标本,用MGIT 960 TB、罗氏法、MODS法检测MTB.用MODS法对80株MTB临床分离株进行药敏检测,并将结果与传统罗氏法进行比较.结果 MODS技术直接检测痰标本的阳性率为46％,阳性检出时间中位数为9 d（7～12 d）.MODS检测链霉素、异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇药敏结果与传统罗氏法符合率分别为95.0％、96.25％、97.5％、85.0％,检测敏感度分别为83.3％、95.65％、96.15％、70.83％,特异度分别为98.3％、96.50％、98.15％、91.07％.结论 MODS方法是一种快速简便、费用低、准确的诊断和药敏检测方法,具有广泛的应用前景.     

基因芯片与线性探针技术检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB耐药性的价值

目的 评价基因芯片技术与线性探针技术(GenoType MTBDRplus)快速检测MTB耐药性的临床应用价值。方法 选取西安市胸科医院2017年4月至2018年8月住院治疗的493例涂阳肺结核患者作为研究对象,收集其痰标本,痰标本量均不少于2ml。每例患者用同一份痰标本分别进行基因芯片检测、线性探针检测和BACTEC MGIT 960液体培养(简称“MGIT 960液体培养”),同时对培养阳性且鉴定为MTB的临床分离株进行MGIT 960液体药物敏感性试验(简称“药敏试验”)。以MGIT 960液体药敏试验结果为参照标准,分析基因芯片技术及线性探针技术检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB利福平和异烟肼耐药性的效能。结果 454例研究对象同时具有3种药敏试验检测结果。以MGIT 960液体药敏试验结果为参照标准,基因芯片法和线性探针法检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB利福平耐药性的敏感度、特异度、Kappa值分别为89.0%(65/73)、96.1%(366/381)、0.82和90.4%(66/73)、96.1%(366/381)、0.83;检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB异烟肼耐药性的敏感度、特异度、Kappa值分别为80.2%(93/116)、96.7%(327/338)、0.80和81.9%(95/116)、97.0%(328/338)、0.82。454例涂阳肺结核患者痰标本中,453例应用2种分子生物学检测方法检测MTB利福平耐药性结果相同,符合率为99.8%;445例应用2种分子生物学方法检测MTB异烟肼耐药性结果相同,符合率为98.0%。结论 基因芯片技术和线性探针技术(GenoType MTBDRplus)检测涂阳肺结核患者痰标本MTB利福平和异烟肼耐药性与MGIT 960液体药敏试验具有较高的一致性,二者均可为临床提供快速、特异的耐药检测结果。     

Rapid and simple MTT method for rifampicin and isoniazid susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The MTT method for rifampicin and isoniazid susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was developed by using bacterial suspension prepared from colonies on solid media. The MTT tube assay in 1 ml Middlebrook 7H9 broth was completed within 4 days for rifampicin (RMP) and within 7 days for isoniazid (INH). When MTT assay results with 279 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were compared with those of the conventional proportion method on L?wenstein-Jensen medium, high specificity and sensitivity values of 100% and 94.1%, respectively, for RMP susceptibility testing, and 99.5% and 89.2%, respectively, for INH susceptibility testing were obtained. The accuracy of the MTT method for RMP and INH was > 0.97 concordance with the proportion method. The MTT method is simple, inexpensive and rapid. The high level of agreement with the conventional proportion method suggests a potential to rapidly detect drug-resistant M. tuberculosis in developing countries, as only basic microbiological equipment is need.