Complications in the endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a risk factor analysis.

OBJECTIVES: to identify risk factors for complications following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: endovascular AAA exclusion was attempted in 64 patients. Patient characteristics, anatomic features of the aneurysm, operative technical aspects, and the experience of the teams were correlated with mortality, occurrence of endoleak, and other complications. Perioperative complications were graded following the recommendations of the Ad Hoc Committee on reporting standards. For the assessment of correlation between risk factors and outcomes a logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: complications were observed in 43% of the procedures and were classified as mild (24%), moderate (55%) or severe (21%). American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) risk class 3 or 4, and advanced age were independent risk factors for perioperative death and complications. Adjuvant procedures or overstenting of the renal arteries with the uncovered part of the stent were not associated with increased risk of complications. Nevertheless, in four of 24 overstented renal orifices, a renal infarction or ischaemia of the kidney was observed on a postoperative CT scan. Advanced experience was associated with less complications, less endoleaks, and shorter operating time. CONCLUSIONS: high age and medical co-morbidity were associated with increased risk for perioperative complications and death. Additional perioperative procedures are usually well tolerated. With greater experience in endovascular AAA grafting the incidence of complications and endoleaks decreased.     

Impact of preoperative aortic cusp prolapse on long-term outcome after surgical closure of subarterial ventricular septal defect

BACKGROUND: Previous reports on the long-term outcome of surgical closure of subarterial ventricular septal defect were based on a relatively small number of patients. METHODS: We reviewed the long-term outcome of 135 patients who underwent closure of their defect and, in light of the findings, assessed the impact of preoperative aortic cusp prolapse and surgical interventions on occurrence of aortic regurgitation (AR) in the long-term. The patients were categorized into three groups for comparison: group I consisted of 79 patients with no aortic cusp prolapse and underwent simple closure of ventricular septal defect, group II comprised 39 patients with mild to moderate cusp prolapse who similarly had only closure of the defect performed, whereas group III comprised 17 patients who had additional aortic valvoplasty for greater than moderate to severe cusp prolapse. RESULTS: Group I patients had significantly higher pulmonary arterial pressure (p < 0.001) and ratio of pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow (p < 0.001). None of these patients had AR before their operation, and none experienced AR afterward at a median follow-up of 6.1 years. Of the 39 group II patients, 30 (77%) had trivial or mild AR preoperatively. The AR improved in 15 patients, remained trivial or mild in 14 and absent in 7, but progressed to trivial or mild in 3 at a median follow-up of 3.1 years. None required further interventions. In contrast, 14 (82%) of the 17 group III patients had moderate to severe AR before operation. The regurgitation improved in 10, but remained moderate or severe in 4 and worsened further in 3 at a median follow-up of 4.6 years. The freedom from failure of aortic valvoplasty was (mean +/- standard error of the mean) 71%+/-11%, 64%+/-12%, and 43%+/-19% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. An older age at latest follow-up was the only identifiable significant risk factor (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support the need of aortic valvoplasty for mild to moderate aortic cusp prolapse. Close follow-up is warranted in those with greater than moderate to severe cusp prolapse despite valvoplasty as there is continued failure on follow-up. Nothing, however, is better than early closure of defects before development of aortic valve complications.     

中国胃肠外科医师围手术期贫血管理理念现状分析

目的 分析中国胃肠外科医师围手术期贫血管理理念现状。方法 2021 年12月至2022年1月对中国胃肠肿瘤外科联盟医师进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括受调查医师基本信息、贫血管理理念及贫血诊疗现状等。结果 收集有效问卷235份,受调查医师来自于全国27个省（自治区、直辖市）。194名（82.6%）受调查医师认为贫血会影响胃肠道肿瘤病人的长期预后。针对病人术后短期预后,76名（32.4%）受调查医师认为轻、中、重度贫血均有影响;158名（67.2%）受调查医师认为中重度贫血有影响,轻度贫血无影响。36名（15.3%）受调查医师表示其管理的术前轻度贫血病人中行贫血治疗比例>50%,38名（16.2%）受调查医师表示其管理的术后轻度贫血病人中行贫血治疗比例>50%;175名（74.5%）的受调查医师表示其管理的术前中重度贫血病人中行贫血治疗比例>50%,165名（70.2%）受调查医师表示其管理的术后中重度贫血病人中行贫血治疗比例>50%。对于术前中重度贫血病人,222名（94.5%）受调查医师采取的主要治疗措施为输血;对于术后中重度贫血的胃肠道肿瘤病人,212名（90.2%）受调查医师采取的主要治疗措施为输血。在围手术期胃肠道肿瘤病人的贫血治疗药物使用上,63名（26.8%）受调查医师表示常规或经常使用静脉铁剂,受调查医师表示影响其选择静脉铁剂的因素主要为不良反应（63.4%,149/235）、静脉铁剂疗效（62.6%,147/235）及价格（55.3%,130/235）。30名（12.8%）受调查医师表示常规或经常使用促红细胞生成素,受调查医师表示影响其选择促红细胞生成素的因素依次为对此类药物疗效不了解（45.1%,106/235）、增加血栓形成风险（36.6%,86/235）、潜在影响病人长期预后风险（35.7%,84/235）。 结论 中国胃肠外科医师已具备一定的围手术期贫血管理理念,但仍存在轻度贫血病人治疗重视程度不足、中重度贫血病人治疗手段单一及对铁剂治疗认识及应用不足等问题,围手术期贫血的规范化治疗仍有待提高。     

一期后路全脊椎切除治疗重度脊柱畸形围手术期并发症及其相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨一期后路全脊椎切除术治疗重度脊柱畸形围手术期并发症的发生情况及其相关危险因素.方法 2004年9月至2012年7月接受一期后路全脊椎切除术治疗的重度脊柱侧后凸患者39例,男15例,女24例;年龄3～53岁,平均16.9岁.侧后凸畸形24例,平均冠状面主弯Cobb角85.1°,平均后凸Cobb角92.9°;侧凸畸形7例,平均冠状面主弯Cobb角81.1°;后凸畸形8例,平均后凸Cobb角94.4°.术前合并神经功能障碍者11例.回顾性分析围手术期并发症的发生情况及其相关危险因素.结果 围手术期共13例患者出现了15例次与手术相关的并发症.神经系统并发症6例次(15.4％).青少年神经系统并发症发生率明显低于成人.术前已经伴有及不伴有神经损害表现患者的神经并发症发生率分别为36.4％和7.1％.出现神经系统并发症的患者术前均伴有后凸畸形,且后凸畸形严重者(后凸Cobb角≥90°)神经系统并发症发生率明显增高.术后呼吸支持时间延长4例次(10.3％).壁层胸膜撕裂3例次(7.7％),脑脊液漏1例(2.6％),肺部感染1例次(2.6％).结论 一期后路全脊椎切除术是治疗重度脊柱畸形的有效方法,但围手术期并发症尤其是神经系统并发症发生率高.神经系统并发症的发生与术前神经功能、患者年龄、后凸Cobb角大小相关.     

以胆管炎控制量化指标抉择肝胆管结石肝切除的安全性和临床疗效分析

目的 探讨量化的胆管炎控制指标抉择合并胆管炎的肝胆管结石施行肝切除术的安全性和临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月江油市人民医院107例肝胆管结石患者行肝切除术的临床资料。经规范治疗达到胆管炎控制的量化指标后，所有合并胆管炎的患者才行肝切除术。依据有无合并急性胆管炎及胆管炎的程度分为无胆管炎组（n=33）、轻度胆管炎组（n=56）、中重度胆管炎组（n=18）。比较三组患者围手术期的一般资料、手术相关指标和术后指标。结果 三组男女比例、年龄、结石分布、手术方式和肝切除范围比较，差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。三组手术持续时间（F=0.081）、术中出血量（F=0.920）、术后住院时间（F=0.131）、术后结石残留率（χ2 =0.400）以及术后并发症发生率（χ2 =1.933）比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。中重度胆管炎组术中肝门阻断比率明显高于轻度胆管炎组和无胆管炎组，差异有统计学意义[61.11%（11/18）vs 19.64%（11/56）vs 18.19%（6/33）；χ2 =13.699，P＜0.01]；中重度胆管炎组术中肝门阻断时间明显高于轻度胆管炎组和无胆管炎组，差异有统计学意义[（30.00±7.75）min vs（32.09 ±10.59）min vs（46.36±11.20）min，F=7.110，P＜0.01）。结论 经规范治疗达到胆管炎控制的量化指标后，合并急性胆管炎的肝胆管结石患者择期行肝切除是安全有效的；但对合并中重度胆管炎的肝胆管结石患者需加强术前出血评估和术中出血控制。     

肾功能不全者心脏手术后的疗效分析

目的：分析合并肾功能不全心脏病人行体外循环心内直视手术的疗效。方法：４３例术前心功能Ⅱ级７例,Ⅲ级１８例,Ⅳ级１８例病人,行先天性心脏病手术５例,瓣膜替换术３６例,冠状动脉搭桥术２例。术前肾功能不全为轻度者３４例,中度５例,重度４例。结果：术后肾功能正常１８例,轻度不全４例,中度７例,重度１４例。     

胰十二指肠切除术围手术期并发症临床分析

目的探讨胰十二指肠切除术围手术期并发症的发生情况及其预防。方法回顾性分析111例胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料,分析并发症发生的可能因素。结果 111例患者中术后出现并发症48例（43.2%）,其中发生1种并发症者25例,2种者15例,3种者及以上者8例;死亡4例（3.6%）。结论胰十二指肠切除术是腹部外科中有较高风险的手术,加强围手术期预防及处理是降低胰十二指肠切除术后并发症发生率和死亡率的重要措施。     

心内直视术中鱼精蛋白毒性反应的临床研究

目的：回顾性分析心内直视术鱼精蛋白毒性反应发生情况，以总结临床特点，找出防治对策。方法：近两年连续1105例心内直视手术中，发生鱼精蛋白毒性反应53例，将其分为有反应与无反应组，轻度与中重反应组，并比较其临床特点，结果：鱼精蛋白毒性反应发生率为4．8％，有反应有无反应组，轻度与中重度反应组临床一般情况无明显差别，仅中重度反应组的主动脉阻断时间与鱼精蛋白毒性反应持续时间明显较轻度反应组长（P＜0．05），中重度反应组死亡率达50％，结论：心内直视术中鱼精蛋白毒性反应发生率高，应引起临床上足够的重视，鱼精蛋白毒性反应的发生难以预测，中重度反应死亡率高，预后差，鱼精蛋白用量应适度，充分认识鱼精蛋白毒性反应的临床特点和及时再转机车不有助于防治此类事件发生。     

Operative morbidity and risk factor assessment in melanoma patients undergoing inguinal lymph node dissection.

A series of 168 patients who underwent 177 inguinal lymph node dissections from 1979 to 1989 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the incidence and severity of postoperative complications as well as the perioperative risk factors associated with them. Operative mortality was 0%, whereas the incidence of moderate to severe wound infection was 11%, skin flap problems 0%, seromas 6%, and hemorrhage 3%. The occurrence of a wound complication increased the average hospital stay from 11 to 12 days. Multivariate risk factor analysis revealed age older than 50, male sex, and smoking to be significant risk factors for developing a wound infection. The use of prophylactic antibiotics and the duration of closed suction catheter drainage were not predictive of wound complications. Overall, 44% of patients experienced some postoperative edema, with only 7% of patients having 1+ edema that lasted longer than 6 months. Combined ilioinguinal lymph node dissection increased the chance of developing moderate to severe edema. These risk factors identify patients at high risk for morbidity, which should lead to improved perioperative care.     

Predictors of neurological morbidity after coronary artery bypass surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the postoperative neurological complications after myocardial revascularization. METHODS: We analyzed the pre-, peri- and postoperative data of 3834 patients who underwent a primary isolated bypass grafting between January 1987 and December 1995. Postoperative neurological complications (A) were divided into mild complications (B) and major complications (C). RESULTS: The incidence of A increased, from 1.4% to 3.0%. Unifactor risk analysis identified: age > 75 years, peripheral vascular atherosclerosis, neurological pathology, aorta-pathology and perioperative myocardial infarction as risk factors for A. Perioperative myocardial infarction and neurological pathology for B; age > 75 years, peripheral vascular atherosclerosis, neurological pathology, perioperative myocardial infarction and aorta pathology for C. Multifactor risk regression analysis identified peripheral vascular atherosclerosis, neurological pathology, aorta-pathology, perioperative myocardial infarction and the time cohort 1993-1995 as independent predictors for A; perioperative myocardial infarction and the time cohort 1993-1995 for B; neurological pathology, aorta-pathology and perioperative myocardial infarction for C. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral vascular atherosclerosis, neurological pathology, aorta-pathology, the occurrence of a perioperative myocardial infarction and the time cohort 1993-1995 are identified as independent risk factors for neurological complications.     

Outcomes of 50 Cases of Pediatric Liver Transplantation for Intrapulmonary Shunt While Considering the Deteriorated Prognosis of Severe Intrapulmonary Shunt Patients

BackgroundIntrapulmonary shunt (IPS) is recognized in 10% of chronic liver disease patients. Liver transplantation (LT) is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with IPS.Patients and methodsOf 519 pediatric LT cases between November 2005 and October 2018, 50 patients with IPS were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into 3 groups, according to the shunt ratio, calculated by scintigraphy: mild (15%-20%, n = 26), moderate (20%–40%, n = 19), and severe (> 40%, n = 5). We compared the patients’ characteristics before LT and the outcomes of LT between these groups.ResultsThe major original disease resulting in LT in the mild and moderate groups was biliary atresia (73.1% and 52.6%, respectively), while that in the severe group was congenital portosystemic shunt (60%). The median ages at LT were 7.5, 6.1, and 8.3 years in the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. All of the mild and moderate IPS patients lived; however, 3 patients with severe IPS (60.0%) died within 3 months. The shunt ratios of the mild and moderate IPS patients normalized within 2 years after LT, while the 2 surviving severe IPS patients showed a slight improvement. The autopsy findings of the lung in 1 deceased severe IPS patient showed medial hypertrophy and proliferation of intimal cells of the pulmonary arteries, suggesting a diagnosis of portopulmonary hypertension.ConclusionsLT can be safely performed for mild and moderate IPS patients; however, LT for severe IPS patients should be carefully indicated because concomitant portopulmonary hypertension may be masked by IPS.     

Recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgery--causes and risks

BACKGROUND: In spite of the important role of conservative treatment, up to 90 % of all patients with Crohn's disease will undergo an operation during the course of their illness. Up to 50 % even need a second operation or further surgical procedures - with an increasing risk for perioperative complications. This study was designed to identify the risk factors for recurrence in patients with Crohn's disease and the influence of the primary operation. METHODS: Between 1986 and 2004, 412 patients with Crohn's disease required operative treatment. 218 underwent a primary procedure and 194 needed a reoperation. In particular, the indications for surgical treatment, the surgical procedures and the perioperative complications were registered and evaluated in the context of a possible recurrence of Crohn's disease. In this study, "recurrence" is defined as a reoperation because of Crohn's disease after a primary operation. RESULTS: The most common indications for a surgical treatment were stenosis (58.4 %) and fistulas (38.5 %). As the most frequent procedures, the ileocoecal resection and the partial resection of the small bowel were performed. Altogether, the complication rate was 11.5 %. The primary procedures (6.52 %) had less complications than the operations for a recurrence of Crohn's disease (17.70 %). The rate for the recurrence of Crohn's disease was 17.4 % after 5 years, 36.7 % after 10 years and 52.8 % after 15 years. Patients with fistulas as the indication for primary operation had the highest rate of recurrence (45 %). Patients with an isolated Crohn's lesion of the small intestine had a significantly higher risk for recurrence (59.5 %) than patients with lesions in the ileocoecal region or the colon. The anastomosis region (73 %) was the most common localisation for recurrence. CONCLUSION: On the basis of defined risk factors, patients with a high risk for recurrence can be identified. This is very important because of the higher risk for complications caused by reoperations compared to primary procedures. That is why interdisciplinary cooperation including postoperative care and optimal conservative treatment are absolutely essential.     

Arthroscopic treatment of arthrofibrosis of the elbow joint

Twenty-five patients with arthrofibrosis of the elbow were treated with arthroscopic debridement; 15 had post-traumatic arthrofibrosis and 10 had contractures caused by degenerative arthritis. At an average follow-up of 18 months, all patients had increased motion and decreased pain. One patient required reoperation because of continued stiffness and pain; she had moderate pain before surgery, mild pain after initial debridement, and occasional mild pain after the second operation. Patients with post-traumatic arthritis had more severe flexion contractures preoperatively than did those with degenerative arthritis, but they also had more improvement postoperatively. There were no perioperative or postoperative complications. Arthroscopic release and debridement of arthrofibrotic elbow joints appear to obtain improvement equal to that obtained by open techniques, with less morbidity and earlier rehabilitation.Arthroscopy 1998 Jan-Feb;14(1):38-44     

Risk predictors of perioperative complications for the palliative surgical treatment of spinal metastasis

BackgroundThe complication rate for palliative surgery in spinal metastasis is relatively high, and major complications can impair the patient's activities of daily living. However, surgical indications are determined based primarily on the prognosis of the cancer, with the risk of complications not truly considered. We aimed to identify the risk predictors for perioperative complications in palliative surgery for spinal metastasis.MethodsA multicentered, retrospective review of 195 consecutive patients with spinal metastasis who underwent palliative surgeries with posterior procedures from 2001 to 2016 was performed. We evaluated the type and incidence of perioperative complications within 14 days after surgery. Patients were categorized into either the complication group (C) or no-complication group (NC). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify potential predictors for perioperative complications.ResultsThirty patients (15%) experienced one or more complications within 14 days of surgery. The most frequent complications were surgical site infection (4%) and motor weakness (3%). A history of diabetes mellitus (C; 37%, NC; 9%: p < 0.01) and surgical time over 300 min (C; 27%, NC; 12%: p < 0.05) were significantly associated with complications according to univariate analysis. Increased blood loss and non-ambulatory status were determined to be potential risk factors. Of these factors, multivariate logistic regression revealed that a history of diabetes mellitus (OR: 6.6, p < 0.001) and blood loss over 1 L (OR: 2.7, p < 0.05) were the independent risk factors for perioperative complications. There was no difference in glycated hemoglobin A1c between the diabetes patients with and without perioperative complications.ConclusionsDiabetes mellitus should be used for the risk stratification of surgical candidates regardless of the treatment status, and strict prevention of bleeding is needed in palliative surgeries with posterior procedures to mitigate the risk of perioperative complications.     

Children with cardiomyopathy: complications after noncardiac procedures with general anesthesia

BACKGROUND: Children with cardiomyopathy (CM) often undergo procedures that require general anesthesia (GA) but little is known about anesthesia-related adverse events or postprocedural outcomes. METHODS: After approval, all children with CM who underwent nonopen heart surgical procedures and/or diagnostic imaging under GA at a tertiary children's hospital during January 2002 to May 2005 were identified from a clinical database. Based on their preprocedure fractional shortening (FS) on echocardiogram, systemic ventricular dysfunction was categorized as mild (FS 23-28%), moderate (FS 16-22%), or severe (FS < 16%) and those with normal (FS > 28%) were excluded from review. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients underwent 34 procedures under GA, of whom 13 (38%) had mild or moderate ventricular dysfunction and 21 (62%) had severe dysfunction. Common procedures included pacer/defibrillator placement (43%) and imaging studies (18%). Eighteen complications were noted in 12 patients. Fifteen (83%) complications occurred in patients with severe ventricular dysfunction. One patient with severe ventricular dysfunction died (3% mortality). Hypotension requiring inotropic support was the most frequent complication (61%). Children with severe ventricular dysfunction often required hospital support pre- and postprocedure with 67% requiring intensive care. Hospital stay was longer for patients with severe ventricular dysfunction compared with children with mild or moderate ventricular dysfunction (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The 30-day mortality rate was low but complications were common, especially in patients with severe ventricular dysfunction. For these patients, we recommend early consideration of perioperative intensive care support to optimize cardiovascular therapy and monitoring.     

Learning Curve for Cytoreductive Surgery and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Surface Malignancy—A Journey to Becoming a Nationally Funded Peritonectomy Center

Background Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) for peritoneal surface malignancy is associated with a morbidity rate of 30–50% and a mortality rate of 1–10%. Recently, the St George Hospital in Sydney has been commissioned as the Nationally Funded Center for treatment of peritoneal surface malignancy in Australia. Methods The clinical and treatment-related data regarding 140 consecutive patients were prospectively collected. A comparison between the initial 70 patients (Group I) and the subsequent 70 patients (Group II) was performed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the significant risk factors for moderate to severe morbidity. Results The hospital mortality was 4%. Sixty-one patients (44%) had moderate morbidity. Twenty-eight patients (20%) experienced severe morbidity. The mean hospital stay was 30 days. Twenty-seven patients (19%) were readmitted after initial discharge for management of delayed complications. The severe morbidity rate reduced from 30% to 10%, and the delayed morbidity rate reduced from 29% to 10%, when comparing Groups I and II. There were also reduced transfusion requirement, duration of operation, and intensive care unit stay. In the multivariate analysis, Group I (vs Group II; P = .005), performing small bowel resection (P = .005), and >4 peritonectomy procedures (vs ≤ 4; P = .013) were the three independent risk factors for severe complications. Conclusions The study suggests that there is a learning curve associated with this procedure. With accumulated experience in this procedure, an acceptable morbidity rate can be achieved.     

Modification of surgical technique for ascending aortic atherosclerosis: impact on stroke reduction in coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVE: Use of epiaortic scanning in coronary surgery is still a matter of debate. It is unclear whether the findings obtained by epiaortic scanning lead to effective changes in surgical technique that may reduce stroke rates. METHODS: Epiaortic scanning was performed in 352 patients undergoing primary coronary artery bypass grafting before opening the pericardium using a 7.5-MHz ultrasonic probe. In the presence of moderate atherosclerosis (maximum aortic wall thickness of 3 to 5 mm), primarily single aortic crossclamping was carried out. In cases of severe sclerosis (maximum aortic wall thickness > 5 mm), aortic no-touch techniques on the beating heart were used. RESULTS: The degree of ascending aortic atherosclerosis was normal or mild in 151 patients (42.9%), moderate in 167 patients (47.5%), and severe in 34 patients (9.6%). The operative technique was modified in 31.1% of patients with moderate aortic sclerosis and in 91.2% of patients with severe aortic sclerosis. Perioperative mortality was 0.0% for mild disease, 3.0% for moderate disease, and 8.8% for severe disease (P =.005). Corresponding stroke rates reached 2.0%, 2.4%, and 2.9% (P =.935). Logistic regression adjusting for EuroSCORE showed that ascending aortic atherosclerosis was an independent predictor of perioperative mortality (P =.013, odds ratio 1.67, confidence interval 1.11-2.50). The influence of aortic disease on the stroke prevalence was probably due to chance (P =.935), demonstrating a potentially positive effect of operative modifications concerning stroke caused by aortic manipulation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that intraoperative screening of coronary artery bypass grafting patients by epiaortic scanning can reveal useful information about the operative risk and with an aortic no-touch concept, perioperative stroke rates in high-risk patients may be lower than predicted.     

影响肝移植术后早期预后的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨影响肝移植术后早期预后的相关的危险因素。方法回顾性的分析了我院自2003年1月1日至2003年10月31日的原位肝移植病例171例。根据术后早期预后分为预后不良组及非预后不良组（术后早期住院期间死亡者或因各种并发症术后〉7d转出ICU者定为预后不良的病人），比较两组病人术前及术中的变量13项；并筛选出影响预后的一些变量。结果171例病人中，预后不良者30人（17．5％），其中围手术期死亡12人（7％）；应用单因素分析比较预后不良及非预后不良病人的各项指标，以下参数均具有显著性差异：Child分级、APACHEⅢ评分、UNOS分级、手术时间、出血量、输血及血浆量、术前cr水平、术前ICU、术前感染及再次手术干预。将预后作为因变量进行Logistic回归分析，筛选影响预后的危险因素，保留在回归方程中的变量有：APACHEⅢ评分、术前感染、手术时间、术中出血和输血量。而病人年龄、CHILD分级、UNOS分级、无肝期、术前Cr、术前ICU停留、再次手术干预被剔除方程。结论通过对肝移植病人术前及术中一些指标的评估，可以在一定程度上预测术后早期的预后。     

Complications following external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: an analysis of patients treated with and without staging pelvic lymphadenectomy

We reviewed the treatment morbidity associated with definitive high energy external beam radiotherapy in 289 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (stages A2 to C) treated from 1984 to 1988 inclusively. All patients were treated with 18 mv. photon beams via a 4-field box technique. Radiation doses ranged from 5,858 to 6,900 cGy., with a mean dose of 6,456 cGy. and a median dose of 6,400 cGy. A total of 65 patients underwent extraperitoneal pelvic staging lymphadenectomy before radiotherapy. Complications noted in 42 patients were mild (generally trivial) in 23 and moderate in 19 (6.6%). There were no severe complications. The actuarial incidence of moderate complications was 9% at 5 years. Only 6 patients experienced symptoms for longer than 6 months. The risk of complications was not increased in patients who had undergone prior lymph node dissection, and only 2 of 65 had mild lymphedema, which resolved in both cases. We conclude that high energy external beam radiation for prostate cancer can be delivered with a low risk of serious complications, even in patients who have undergone extraperitoneal staging pelvic lymphadenectomy, provided the patients are treated to limited fields with high energy photons and at doses limited to 6,800 cGy. or less.     

Clinical study on the relationship between calcium and phosphorus metabolism with aortic arch calcification in maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients

Objective To retrospectively study the risk factors of aortic arch calcificationand its influence on the survival prognosis of maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods One hundred seventy-seven cases of maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients were enrolled, including 66 cases of aortic arch calcification cases. Their general dialysis data were collected for the evaluation of dialysis adequacy and residual renal function, and their chest X-rays were recorded to assess the degree of aortic arch calcification. The two variables Logistics regression was used to analyze independent risk factors of aortic arch calcification; Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to analyze the influence on prognosis of dialysis patients; and multivariate COX regression was employed to analyze independent risk factors of death in dialysis patients. Results Among the 177 selected cases of peritoneal dialysis patients, 66 cases (37.29%) presented with aortic arch calcification. Elevated serum phosphorus was an independent risk factor of aortic arch calcification (OR=54.69，95%CI: 10.01-298.65, P＜0.01). The probability of survival in patients with mild and moderate (severe) calcification of aortic arch was less than those without calcification. Moderate (severe) calcification of aortic arch was the independent risk factor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality, whose hazard ratios in patients with calcification were 3.779 times and 5.636 times of those in patients without calcification respectively. Conclusions Hyperphosphatemia is an independent risk factor promoting the development of calcification of aortic arch. The probability of survival in patients with mild and moderate (severe) calcification of aortic arch is less than those without calcification; moderate (severe) calcification of aortic arch is the independent risk factor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality.