277例良恶性胸腔积液的临床特点

目的分析良恶性胸腔积液的临床特征,进一步明确胸腔积液的鉴别诊断。方法回顾性分析2009年10月—2013年12月桂林医学院附属医院呼吸内科收治的临床诊断胸腔积液患者477例,选择资料记录完整的277例作为研究对象,进行良恶性胸腔积液临床特点分析。主要观察指标为患者的临床表现,胸水、血清常规生化指标。结果以胸腔积液内找到癌细胞为金标准,判断胸腔积液的良恶性,有癌细胞为恶性。将277例胸腔积液患者分为良性胸腔积液组(235例,占84.84%)和恶性胸腔积液组(42例,占15.16%);其中主要的临床表现为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛、气促,而胸痛、气促在恶性胸腔积液组检出率明显升高,发热检出率明显降低,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001或P<0.05)。良性胸腔积液组两侧呼吸运动检出率和肝功能丙氨酸氨基转移酶检测值低于恶性胸腔积液组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 (1)发热、胸痛、气促、两侧呼吸运动度和丙氨酸氨基转移酶对鉴别良恶性胸腔积液有临床价值。(2)发热是恶性胸腔积液的保护因素,在胸腔积液患者中,发热的病人比不发热的病人患恶性胸腔积液的风险降低83.3%。     

PTEN,LKB1基因缺失、突变检测对良恶性胸腔积液鉴别的意义

[目的]探讨检测PTEN,LKB1基因缺失、突变对鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的价值.[方法]提取漏出液组43例、良性胸腔积液组44例、恶性胸腔积液组47例患者胸腔积液中的DNA,采用PCR-SSCP法检测PTEN第5~8外显子、LKB1第1~9外显子缺失、突变情况.[结果]与漏出液组比较,良性胸腔积液组未发现PTEN,LKB1基因缺失或突变;恶性胸腔积液组PTEN基因总改变率为46.8%,LKB1基因总改变率为42.6%,联合检测PTEN,LKB1诊断恶性胸腔积液的灵敏度为78.7%,显著高于胸腔积液细胞学检查的53.2%(P<0.05).[结论]PCR-SSCP技术检测PTEN,LKB1基因缺失、突变可作为鉴别良恶性胸腔积液的辅助方法.     

P16基因甲基化检测对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 检测胸腔积液中沉渣细胞p16基因启动子的甲基化状态,探讨p16基因甲基化检测在良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的意义.方法 利用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)方法检测66例原因不明的胸腔积液患者胸水沉渣细胞p16基因的甲基化状态.结果 66例胸腔积液患者中36例确诊为恶性胸腔积液,30例为良性胸腔积液.恶性胸腔积液沉渣细胞p16基因启动子甲基化阳性率为69.4%(25/36);在良性胸腔积液中为13.3%(4/30);经统计学检验良、恶性胸腔积液组胸水沉渣细胞的p16基因甲基化阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=20.915,P<0.01).恶性胸腔积液组沉渣细胞的p16基因异常甲基化阳性率明显高于良性胸腔积液组.恶性胸腔积液组沉渣细胞p16基因甲基化检测的敏感性为69.4%,特异性为86.7%,准确性为77.3%.恶性胸腔积液沉渣细胞p16基因甲基化阳性表达与肿瘤的组织细胞类型及细胞分化程度无关(P均>0.05).结论 MSP检测胸腔积液中沉渣细胞p16基因启动子的甲基化状态,是一种有潜力的鉴别胸腔积液良、恶性的辅助诊断方法.     

端粒酶和CYFRA 21-1对良恶性胸腔积液的鉴别价值

目的 研究端粒酶和细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA 21-1)测定对鉴别良、恶性胸腔积液的价值.方法 采用端粒重复序列扩增-酶联免疫吸附实验法(TRAP-PCR-ELISA)和酶免疫分析法(EIA),分别测定80例恶性胸腔积液和50例良性胸腔积液中的端粒酶活性和CYFRA 21-1水平.结果 胸腔积液中端粒酶活性和CYFRA 21-1的阳性率在恶性胸腔积液组分别为77.5%(62/80)和60.0%(48/80),在良性胸腔积液组分别为6.0%(3/50)和22.0%(11/50),两组比较差异有显著性(χ2=62.921、17.925,P均<0.001).端粒酶活性测定诊断恶性胸腔积液的灵敏度为77.5%(62/80),特异度为94.0%(47/50);CYFRA 21-1诊断的灵敏度60.0% (48/80),特异度78.0%(39/50),两组比较差异有显著性(χ2=4.103、5.316,P<0.05).两者联合检测的灵敏度为90.0%(72/80),特异度为82.0%(41/50),联合检测的灵敏度高于端粒酶和CYFRA 21-1单项检测(χ2=4.592、19.201,P<0.05、0.001).结论 端粒酶和CYFRA 21-1测定对鉴别良恶性胸腔积液均有一定的价值,其中端粒酶测定的灵敏度和特异度较CYFRA 21-1高,两者联合测定可提高诊断准确率.     

胸水DNA异倍体及CEA测定对恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的 探讨胸水DNA异倍体及癌胚抗原(CEA)在恶性胸腔积液诊断中的价值.方法 对32例恶性胸腔积液患者和36例良性胸腔积液患者应用流式细胞术分析胸水DNA异倍体及放射免疫方法测定CEA,比较两组的测定结果.结果 恶性胸腔积液患者中有21例DNA异倍体阳性,阳性率65.6%;良性胸腔积液组均为阴性.胸水CEA测定恶性组18例阳性,阳性率56.3%;良性组5例阳性,阳性率13.8%.两项指标良恶性组间比较差异都有统计学意义(P<0.01).恶性胸腔积液组DNA异倍体与CEA同时阳性或其中一项阳性者29例,灵敏度为90.6%,特异度为100%.结论 胸水DNA异倍体与胸水CEA联合检测对恶性胸腔积液诊断价值更大.     

胸腔积液端粒酶活性检测及其临床意义

目的: 探讨端粒酶活性测定对恶性与良性胸腔积液的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法: 采用聚合酶链反应-酶联免疫吸附分析法(PCR-ELISA)检测43例恶性胸腔积液和24例良性胸腔积液的端粒酶活性,并与胸腔积液细胞学及癌胚抗原(CEA)测定结果进行比较。结果: 恶性胸腔积液组端粒酶阳性率为74。42%,良性胸腔积液组阳性率为12。50%,差异有显著性(P<0。005);端粒酶活性检测对恶性胸腔积液诊断敏感性为74。42%,特异性为87。5%。恶性胸腔积液组胸腔积液细胞学检查与CEA测定阳性率分别为51。16%和46。51%,均低于端粒酶活性检测(P<0。01)。结论: 胸腔积液端粒酶活性检测对恶性胸腔积液诊断有重要价值,与细胞学检查、CEA测定联合应用可提高恶性胸腔积液的诊断率。     

联合糖链抗原-125、癌胚抗原及D-二聚体检测对良、恶性胸腔积液的诊断价值

目的探讨联合检测糖链抗原-125(CA125)、癌胚抗原(CEA)及D-二聚体(D-dimer,DD)对良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断的价值。方法采集60例患者的血清、血浆和胸腔积液样本,其中恶性胸腔积液患者40例,良性胸腔积液患者20例,用放射免疫分析技术检测其血清和胸腔积液CA125、CEA的含量及用酶联免疫法检测血浆DD的含量。结果恶性胸腔积液组患者血清CA125、CEA和血浆DD水平均明显高于良性胸腔积液组(P<0·01);恶性胸腔积液组患者胸腔积液CA125、CEA水平明显高于良性胸腔积液组(P<0·01);CA125、CEA和DD联合检测的敏感性和特异性分别为96·9%(平行实验)、96·2%(序列实验)。恶性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液CA125和CEA及血清CA125和CEA均呈显著正相关(P<0·01);恶性胸腔积液患者血浆DD和胸腔积液CEA及CA125也均呈显著正相关(P<0·01)。结论联合CA125、CEA及血浆DD的检测对良、恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断具有重要的临床意义。     

COPD病人胸腔积液病因分析

目的:COPD是呼吸系统常见疾病,胸腔积液临床较常见,COPD病人合并胸腔积液病因较复杂,良性及恶性胸腔积液的鉴别在临床上及预后评价具有重大意义。探讨我院收治COPD病人合并胸腔积液病人的病因组成。方法:回顾性分析我科2009-01~2010-12收治的87例COPD合并胸腔积液住院病人的临床资料,男性55例,女性32例,平均年龄67.1±4.8岁。并分析其病因组成。结果:根据临床表现、影像学检查、胸水性质或经治疗后明显好转以确诊。良性胸腔积液80例(91.95%),其中心功能不全41例(47.13%),低蛋白血症11例(12.63%),结核7例(8.05%),肺炎旁胸腔积液5例(5.75%),肺栓塞导致胸腔积液5例(5.75%),液气胸3例(3.45%),脓胸1例(1.14%);心功能不全并低蛋白血症7例(8.05%)。根据临床表现、痰或胸腔积液脱落细胞学、纤维支气管镜活检取材,符合肿瘤的诊断。确诊恶性胸腔积液4例(4.60%),未明确诊断3例(3.45%)。结论:临床上心功能不全和低蛋白血症是导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并胸腔积液的主要病因     

胸腔积液脱落细胞端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA检测及其意义

目的:通过检测良、恶性胸腔积液脱落细胞端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)基因的表达情况,探讨其在良、恶性胸腔积液中的诊断价值。方法:采用逆转录-多聚酶链反应法检测39例恶性胸腔积液、16例良性胸腔积液中hTERT基因的表达情况。结果:恶性胸腔积液中hTERT基因的表达率明显高于良性胸腔积液(P<0.05)。检测hTERT基因表达对恶性胸腔积液的敏感性、特异性和诊断符合率分别为87.18%,81.25%和85.45%。结论:hTERT基因参与了恶性胸腔积液的发生、发展过程。采用RT-PCR法检测胸腔积液中hTERT基因表达有助于临床上良、恶性胸腔积液的鉴别诊断。     

CEA-mRNA检测在鉴别诊断恶性胸腔积液中的价值

目的 探讨癌胚抗原信使核糖核酸(CEA-mRNA)定量检测在诊断与鉴别诊断恶性胸腔积液方面的应用价值.方法 采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)检测51例恶性胸腔积液CEA-mRNA水平,同时检测39例良性胸腔积液作为对照组.结果 恶性胸腔积液组CEA-mRNA阳性率为80.4%(41/51),胸腔积液CEA-mRNA阳性率为7.7%(3/39),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 胸腔积液CEA-mRNA检测对良、恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断有一定的临床价值.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.