周剂量多西他赛同步放疗治疗食管癌

目的探讨周剂量多西他赛同步放疗治疗食管癌的疗效和毒副反应。方法 76例食管癌患者随机分为单纯放疗组（41例）和同步放化疗组（35例）,2组患者均全程给予三维适形放疗,同步放化疗组在放疗的同时行周剂量多西他赛化疗。结果同步放化疗组有效率为88.6%,高于单纯放疗组的63.4%（P〈0.05）。同步放化疗组恶心呕吐较单纯放疗组增加（P〈0.05）。结论周剂量多西他赛联合放疗能提高食管癌的近期疗效,且毒副反应可耐受。     

联合放化疗和单纯放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌对比分析

[目的]探讨放化疗综合治疗和单纯放疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效。[方法]2001年6月至2004年12月92例非小细胞肺癌患者纳入分析,其中放化疗综合治疗51例．常规放疗41例;对比观察两组患者的近期疗效,1、2、3年生存率,中位生存期和毒副反应。[结果]放化疗综合组和单纯放疗组有效率分别为70．6％和48．8％（P〈0．05）,1、2、3年生存率分别为72．5％、43．1％、29．7％和61．0％、34．1％、15．1％,中位生存期分别为22和19个月。两组毒副反应发生率无显著性差异。[结论]放化疗综合治疗非小细胞肺癌的疗效优于单纯放射治疗。     

消癌平注射液联合间断化疗治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的 观察消癌平注射液联合间断化疗治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效及毒副反应.方法 将老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者74例随机分为2组,对照组37例应用多西他赛＋奥沙利铂方案连续化疗,观察组37例应用多西他赛＋奥沙利铂方案的同时,给予消癌平注射液.观察2组患者近期疗效、生活质量、中位生存期及毒副反应.结果 有效率观察组和对照组分别为32.4%和24.3%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;生活质量改善率观察组为75.6%,高于对照组的54.0%（P〈0.05）;中位生存期观察组388 d,长于对照组的243 d（P〈0.05）;毒副反应发生率观察组低于对照组（P〈0.05）.结论 消癌平注射液联合间断化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌,可以提高患者的近期疗效、改善生存质量和延长生存期,安全性好.     

多西他赛联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效分析

[目的]探讨多西他赛联合奈达铂同步放化疗治疗中晚期宫颈癌的临床疗效。[方法]96例中晚期宫颈癌患者分为单纯放射治疗组（48例）和同步放化疗组（48例,给予多西他赛联合奈达铂化学治疗,同时给予放射治疗）,对两组病例的近期疗效、局部复发率、远处转移率、1年生存率、2年生存率和不良反应进行对比分析。[结果]单纯放射治疗组和同步放化疗组治疗的有效率分别为72.9%和95.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=9.56,P〈0.05）;同步放化疗组1年生存率97.9%、2年生存率93.8%明显高于单纯放疗组83.3%和79.2%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.41,χ2=4.36,P〈0.05）;同步放化疗组局部复发率（4.2%）及远处转移率（4.2%）明显低于单纯放疗组25.0%和20.8%（χ2=8.36,χ2=6.10,P〈0.05）;同步放化疗组和单纯放射治疗组的近期不良反应均以骨髓抑制为主,前者高于后者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但患者均能耐受。[结论]应用多西他赛联合奈达铂同步放化疗方案治疗中晚期宫颈癌患者临床疗效确切,患者耐受性较好,能够降低宫颈癌局部复发及远处转移率,明显改善患者生存率。     

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗临床疗效分析

目的：探讨同步放化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效、生存期、毒副反应。方法：55例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌分为同步放化疗组：26例,放疗组：29例。同步组化疗采用以铂类药物为主组成的化疗方案,中位化疗周期数为3周期。放疗采用钴^60γ线,DT60Gy-70Gy;分割剂量为2Gy/（次/d）,5次/周。分别比较两组的近期疗效、生存率、毒副反应。结果：同步组与放疗组病例有效率分别为76.9%和58.6%,近期疗效差异有显著性意义。1、2、3年生存率及中位生存期同步组分别为：69.2%、40.1%、21.1%和18个月。放疗组为：53.9%、20.5%、6.8%和13个月,两组差异有显著性意义。结论：同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌优于单纯放疗,同步放化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌虽增加了治疗毒副反应,但可以耐受。     

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗临床疗效分析

目的:探讨同步放化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效、生存期、毒副反应.方法:55例局部晚期非小细胞肺癌分为同步放化疗组:26 例, 放疗组:29 例.同步组化疗采用以铂类药物为主组成的化疗方案,中位化疗周期数为3周期.放疗采用钴60γ线,DT60Gy～70Gy;分割剂量为2Gy/(次/d),5次/周.分别比较两组的近期疗效、生存率、毒副反应.结果:同步组与放疗组病例有效率分别为76.9%和58.6%,近期疗效差异有显著性意义 .1、2、3年生存率及中位生存期同步组分别为:69.2%、40.1%、21.1%和18个月.放疗组为:53.9%、20.5%、6.8%和13个月,两组差异有显著性意义.结论:同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌优于单纯放疗,同步放化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌虽增加了治疗毒副反应,但可以耐受.     

放疗联合周剂量紫杉醇治疗老年食管癌的临床研究

目的探讨放疗联合周剂量紫杉醇治疗老年食管癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法 49例老年食管癌患者随机分为同步放化疗组（24例）和单纯放疗组（25例）,2组放疗均采用常规分割,照射剂量60~66 Gy。同步放化疗组紫杉醇60 mg,每周1次,连续6周。结果同步放化疗组有效率87.5%,高于单纯放疗组的60.0%（P〈0.05）。同步放化疗组Ⅱ、Ⅲ度白细胞减少占54.2%,明显高于单纯放疗组的20.0%（P〈0.05）。结论放疗联合周剂量紫杉醇治疗老年食管癌近期疗效较好,毒副反应相对加重但可耐受。     

同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌62例

目的探讨同步放化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的近期疗效和急性毒副反应。方法62例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者放疗前1周开始化疗,多西他赛40mg／m^2,第1、8天给药;顺铂20mg／m^2,第1～4天给药,每21天重复,共2～3个周期;常规放疗200 CGy／次／d,5d／周,DT 6000—7000 CGy。结果完全缓解率为29．0％,部分缓解率为58．1％,总有效率87．1％。主要毒副反应为急性放射性食管炎（56．5％）、放射性肺炎（41．9％）、骨髓抑制（35．5％）和胃肠道反应（16．1％）,大多数患者经过对症治疗均能耐受。结论多西他赛联合顺铂配合放疗同步治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌,近期疗效肯定,远期疗效和并发症有待进一步观察。     

同步调强放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌40例

[目的]观察同步调强放化疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效及毒副反应。[方法]2006年4月至2008年4月,80例局部晚期鼻咽癌随机分为同步放化疗组（同步组,n=40）和单纯放疗组（单放组,n=40）。同步组接受调强放疗加顺铂（80mg/m2）治疗,单放组接受单纯调强放疗。[结果]同步组和单放组近期疗效比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。2年局部控制率同步组为97.5%（39/40）,单放组为92.5%（37/40）（P〉0.05）。2年无远处转移生存率同步组为95.0%（38/40）,单放组为80.0%（32/40）（P〈0.05）。同步组Ⅲ/Ⅳ级白细胞下降及恶心、呕吐的发生率明显高于单放组（P〈0.05）。[结论]同步调强放化疗对局部晚期鼻咽癌疗效较好,且毒副反应可耐受。     

周剂量多西他赛同步三维适形放疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌临床观察

目的:观察多西他赛每周方案同步三维适形放疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及并发症.方法:57例经细胞学或组织学证实的非小细胞肺癌给予多西他赛每周方案化疗同步三维适形放疗,多西他赛35mg/m2,静滴,每周1次,共4次～6次.放疗采用6Mv-X线或15Mv-X线适形累及野照射,常规分割,照射剂量60Gy～64Gy.结果:57例全部完成治疗,全组总有效率为63.2%,其中ⅢA期为66.7%,ⅢB期为57.1%.主要的毒副反应为骨髓抑制.Ⅲ度～Ⅳ度发生率为19.3%,放射性食管炎31.6%,放射性肺炎21.1%等.经过处理后缓解.结论:周剂量多西他赛同步三维适形放疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌,近期疗效满意,毒副反应可耐受.     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.