Vascular dementia: diagnosis, management and possible prevention

There has been a recent upsurge of interest in the clinical features of and risk factors for vascular dementia, and consensus is emerging on its diagnostic characteristics. We discuss these features and risk factors and the main intervention strategies, both for treatment and prevention.     

X线对人体的损伤及对X线的防护

本文很简要的讲述了X线对人体损伤机制及损伤程度的因素；并讲述了对X线的有效防护原则。在给学生讲课时，要特别强调有效的防护，以免学生对X线产生恐惧感。     

影响临床实习质量因素分析及对策

临床实习是高等医学教育的重要组成部分，是临床教学全过程中极为重要的一个环节，是医学生由理论学习步入到临床实践学习阶段，但是随着近年来医学院校招生规模的不断扩大，卫生系统人事制度的改革，严峻的就业环境等，医学生毕业实习也受到了诸多因素的干扰，本文就目前影响临床实习质量的几个因素如医院的管理不到住、临床教师教学意识淡薄、考研、择业形式等与同行们进行探讨。     

纳米银体外抗腺病毒作用及机制研究

[目的]探讨纳米银(silver nanoparticles,silver -nps)在体外抗腺病毒3型(adenovirus type 3,ADV3)的作用机制.[方法]采用细胞培养方法和免疫荧光方法,观察纳米银对ADV3子代病毒体生成的抑制作用、对ADV3侵入细胞的阻断作用及直接灭活作用,同时用透射电镜、PCR方法...     

Sports and recreational injuries in children and adolescents: prevention and education

Youth and children's sports are becoming increasingly popular in America. Previous studies have shown that children and adolescents are not small adults in their responses to exercise and stress. As children around the world become involved in more competitive and organized sports activities, the frequency and severity of acute and overuse injuries continue to rise. Safety guidelines, protective equipment and prevention education are crucial to reducing pediatric recreational and sports injuries. Preventing injuries and ensuring safe athletic practices are necessary for children and adolescents to continue to receive benefits from organized sports and recreational activities. Efforts to minimize these injuries are warranted both to ensure the long-term health of children and to reduce medical costs.     

重组凝血因子与血源凝血因子的分子差异及其对药理药效学的影响

重组凝血因子面世以来,在凝血因子缺陷和相关适应证患者中达到了良好的防治效果,已经开始替代血源凝血因子制品。然而,重组制品在免疫原性和抑制物产生方面的不足也受到关注。本文对几种主要的重组凝血因子与血源凝血因子的结构差异进行了综述,包括分子序列和翻译后修饰的多种形式等,并探讨这些结构上的差异对药理学、药效学和药代动力学的可能影响。这些分子差异和机制的揭示有助于探索和改进重组凝血因子的产量和质量,具有积极的临床治疗意义。     

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: pathogenesis, risk factors and early prevention strategies

The treatment of infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia （BPD） remains a common,frustrating and expensive problem in neonatology, pediatric PlUlmonology, pediatric critical care and general pediatrics.     

Age-related macular degeneration and its possible prevention

Despite well publicised claims of the therapeutic value of dietary supplements and other new treatments, the evidence for their effectiveness is modest.     

Violence in emergency departments: under-reported, unconstrained, and unconscionable

Violence in emergency departments (EDs) has reached a level that requires concerted action and a shift in attitude - to eradicate a socially and professionally unacceptable peril. In some EDs, violence is a daily occurrence, with nursing staff reporting several episodes each week. Increased societal violence results in an increase in presentations for injury. Anger and pain and the influence of alcohol and drugs contribute to violence spilling over into the ED. The well known "system blockers" to reporting adverse events in hospitals result in under-reporting of violence episodes. Violence in EDs is different from other forms of violence - the aggressor has no overt dominance or power status and, in a setting of care, victims are likely to excuse the behaviour. Strategies to curb violence in EDs include modifying building design, providing security systems and personnel, and training staff in aggression management. The key to successful intervention is a strong preventive orientation that looks for high-risk indicators, and may extend to active physical and behavioural screening.     

医学生临床实习内在影响因素的分析及对策

新形势下医学生临床实习影响因素很多，主要有实习生自身、学校、医院、社会等四个方面因素，笔者把前三个方面归为内在因素，把社会因素归为外在因素。本文主要讨论内在影响因素，也就是实习生自身、学校、医院三者对临床实习效果的影响，并分析原因，找出对策。     

黏膜免疫在中耳炎及其防治中的作用

中耳系统感染引起的炎症病理过程受到多种因素的影响，其中中耳黏膜的免疫功能在这一过程中扮演了重要角色。作者就黏膜免疫、细胞因子在中耳炎病理变化中的作用机制以及在中耳炎防治中的应用作一综述。     

23例外周血干细胞采集过程中不良反应及其预防处理措施

目的探讨外周血干细胞采集过程中出现的不良反应及其预防处理措施。方法对23例患者或供者,使用MCS 血细胞分离机采集外周血干细胞,对采集过程中出现的不良反应进行观察、分析和处理。结果每例采集1~2次,共44次,出现不良反应24次(54.55%),其中枸橼酸盐毒性反应15次,血流通路障碍6次,低血容量反应1次,回输过快反应1次,微量渗血1次。采取相应处理措施后,不良反应消失,23例均能采集到足量的单个核细胞和CD34 细胞。结论运用MCS 血细胞分离机采集PBSC总体上是安全的,但不良反应时有发生,其中以枸橼酸盐毒性反应最多。     

抑郁障碍青少年父母养育方式、应对方式归因风格及其相关性研究

目的探讨抑郁障碍青少年父母养育方式、应对方式、归因风格及其相关性.方法连续收集64例门诊及住院抑郁障碍青少年患者,采用自编社会人口学资料表、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、儿童归因风格问卷(CASQ)、应对方式问卷对其进行相应测查,并同时对125例正常对照青少年进行测查.结果与正常青少年相比,抑郁障碍青少年父母亲温暖理解[父亲(42.31±8.22)分;母亲(43.63±10.39)分]、惩罚严厉[父亲(20.13±6.26)分;母亲(15.75±6.17)分]和拒绝否认[父亲(12.81±4.50)分;母亲(18.56±5.68)分]因子得分均差异有显著性,应对方式中自责(0.59±0.29)、求助(0.51±0.19)、幻想(0.70±0.18)及退避(0.60±0.19)因子差异有显著性,归因风格(25.69±5.65)亦差异有显著性.与应对方式和归因风格相关的养育方式有父亲过干涉、母亲温暖理解和母亲拒绝否认.结论抑郁障碍青少年存在消极应对和悲观归因,不良养育方式可能与其有关.     

抑郁障碍青少年父母养育方式、应对方式归因风格及其相关性研究

目的探讨抑郁障碍青少年父母养育方式、应对方式、归因风格及其相关性。方法连续收集64例门诊及住院抑郁障碍青少年患者,采用自编社会人口学资料表、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、儿童归因风格问卷(CASQ)、应对方式问卷对其进行相应测查,并同时对125例正常对照青少年进行测查。结果与正常青少年相比,抑郁障碍青少年父母亲温暖理解[父亲(42.31±8.22)分;母亲(43.63±10.39)分]、惩罚严厉[父亲(20.13±6.26)分;母亲(15.75±6.17)分]和拒绝否认[父亲(12.81±4.50)分;母亲(18.56±5.68)分]因子得分均差异有显著性,应对方式中自责(0.59±0.29)、求助(0.51±0.19)、幻想(0.70±0.18)及退避(0.60±0.19)因子差异有显著性,归因风格(25.69±5.65)亦差异有显著性。与应对方式和归因风格相关的养育方式有父亲过干涉、母亲温暖理解和母亲拒绝否认。结论抑郁障碍青少年存在消极应对和悲观归因,不良养育方式可能与其有关。