老鹳草素对血小板聚集和血小板-中性粒细胞之间相互作用的影响

目的 研究老鹳草素抗血小板聚集作用及其对血小板与中性粒细胞之间相互作用的影响.方法 采用Born方法观测老鹳草素在体内和体外对家兔血小板聚集功能的影响,运用玫瑰花结实验测定血小板与中性粒细胞的黏附反应,以Fura-2-AM为荧光指示剂,检测老鹳草索对激活的血小板内钙水平的影响.结果 老鹳草素在体外呈浓度依赖性明显抑制花生四烯酸(AA)、腺苷二磷酸(ADP)及血小板活化因子(PAF)诱导的血小板聚集功能.其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为2.4、0.4和1.1μmol/L;5 mg/kg的老鹳草素灌胃亦明显抑制AA、ADP和PAF诱导的血小板聚集;老鹳草素显著降低洗涤血小板内钙离子浓度、减少细胞外钙内流及内钙释放,其IC50分别为71.9、84.9、62.9 μmol/L.老鹳草素明显阻抑凝血酶激活的血小板与中性粒细胞之间的黏附作用,并抑制肉豆蔻佛波醇(fMLP)激活的中性粒细胞上清液诱导的血小板聚集功能,其IC50分别为3.2和10.2 μmol/L.结论 老鹳草素明显抑制血小板聚集功能,降低血小板内钙水平,同时阻抑血小板与中性粒细胞之间的相互作用.     

脑血清对血小板聚集功能的影响

应用Born氏比浊法测定脑血清在体外和体内对腺苷二磷酸（ADP）、花生四烯酸（AA）和血小板活板聚集,其半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为9．2g/L和22．4g/L,在较高浓度时（终浓度为25g/L或50g/L）,亦显著抑制PAF诱导的血小板聚集（与生理直比较,P＜0．01）,在体内（各组动物均连续灌胃3d,每天1次）,高剂量（11g/kg)的脑血清对ADP和AA诱导的血小板聚集均有显著抑制作用,于末次灌胃0．5h即表现出较强抑制效应药效至少可持续4h;低剂量（5．5g/kg)的脑血清对ADP和AA引起的血小板聚集于给药后0．5h即起效,药效可持续3h但抑制率明显低于高剂量组,且于4h药效基本消失,对AA引起的聚集仅表现为一过性抑制作用;两种剂量的脑血清对PAF诱导的血小板聚集无明显的抑制作用,结果提示,脑血清在体内外均具有明显的抗血小板作用。     

β环糊精包合血竭对血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响

目的研究血竭β环糊精包合物（包合血竭，血竭净含量占总重量的20％）对血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响，方法应用小鼠尾静脉注射腺苷二磷酸（ADP）和电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓形成方法评价包合血竭和血竭抗血栓形成作用；采用Born比浊法测定家兔血小板聚集功能．结果包合血竭对电刺激大鼠颈动脉引起的血栓和小鼠尾静脉注射ADP形成肺栓塞具有明显的对抗作用．包合血竭体外显著抑制花生四烯酸（AA）、ADP及血小板活化因子（PAF）诱导的血小板聚集；包合血竭灌胃均明显降低AA、ADP和PAF诱导的家兔血小板聚集率．结论 β环糊精包合血竭在多种血栓模型中均具有较好的抗血栓和抗血小板聚集作用，其作用较血竭更强，能提高血竭的生物利用度．     

人参皂苷Re对ADP、PAF、AA诱导家兔血小板聚集功能的影响

[目的]研究人参皂苷Re对血小板聚集功能的影响。[方法]采用体外实验通过Born法观察人参皂苷Re对二磷酸腺苷钠盐(ADP)、血小板活化因子(PAF)、花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的家兔血小板聚集率的影响。[结果]人参皂苷Re体外抑制ADP、PAF、AA诱导的家兔血小板聚集差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.197、0.242、0.443 g/L。[结论]人参皂苷Re呈剂量依赖性抑制体外ADP、PAF、AA诱导的血小板聚集,且抗ADP诱导的血小板聚集作用强于PAF、AA。     

银杏内酯B衍生物(XQ)对PAF、ADP等诱导血小板聚集的抑制作用

目的探索银杏内酯B衍生物(XQ)抗血小板聚集的作用及其机制。方法体内外2种途径给药,以曲克芦丁、银杏内酯B为阳性对照物,观察XQ对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导家兔血小板聚集的抑制作用。结果XQ体外给药对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导的家兔血小板聚集均有抑制作用,IC50分别为1.49×10-1、7.20×105、1.78×102、4.69×103μg/mL。XQ体内给药(剂量为0.225、0.45、1.8 mg/kg)对上述各诱导剂也均有抑制作用,与对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05、0.01)。银杏内酯B体外给药对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导的家兔血小板聚集均有抑制作用,IC50分别为8.59×10-1、8.43×103、5.30×102、1.03×102μg/mL。曲克芦丁在体外对PAF诱导剂无作用,而体内给药(24 mg/kg)则具有抑制作用。结论XQ对PAF、ADP、AA、COL诱导的血小板聚集有抑制作用,其中对PAF诱导剂的作用强于银杏内酯B,其作用机制可能与拮抗PAF受体有关。      

银杏内酯对家兔血小板聚集率的影响

目的 探讨银杏内酯对家兔血小板聚集作用的影响.方法 进行体内、体外实验观察银杏内酯对由二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、血小板活化因子(PAF)及花生四烯酸(AA)诱导的家兔血小板聚集作用的影响.结果 银杏内酯体外抑制 ADP及 PAF 诱导的血小板聚集,IC50分别为 65.48 μg/mL 和 31.14 μg/mL,体内实验则同时抑制 ADP、PAF、AA诱导的血小板聚集.结论 银酯对 ADP、PAF诱导的体内、体外血小板聚集均有抑制作用,对 AA 诱导的体内血小板聚集有抑制作用,但对体外血小板聚集的抑制作用很弱.     

不同数量的非激活中性粒细胞对血小板反应性的影响

应用Born方法观察血小板在不同数量的非激活 (正常 )中性粒细胞作用下对激动剂的反应性 .结果 :非激活的中性粒细胞使血小板对ADP或花生四烯酸 (arachidonicacid ,AA)的反应性均明显降低 ,且这种抑制作用随中性粒细胞数量 (0 1× 10 7～ 1× 10 7cell/mL)的增加而增强 ;3mmol/L的阿司匹林明显增强上述抑制作用 .结果表明 :非激活 (正常 )的中性粒细胞对血小板反应性表现为抑制特性 .     

绞股蓝总皂甙对血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响

研究了绞股蓝总皂甙（gypenosides，GP）灌服给药对血小板聚集和血栓形成的影响。结果发现GP（50、100mg／kg，ig）对二磷酸腺甙（ADP）、花生四烯酸（AA）及胶原诱导的大鼠血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用；体外实验表明GP（FC100、20μg／mL）对血小板活化因子（PAF）诱导的家兔血小板聚集有明显的抑制作用。GP（100、200mg／kg，ig）对大鼠实验性脑血栓、体外动脉血栓及小鼠肺血栓的形成均有明显的抑制作用。并呈剂量依赖关系。提示绞股蓝总皂甙为一血小板功能抑制剂。     

异型南五味子丁素、五味子酚和(+)-安五脂素对血小板聚集的影响

目的 观察3木脂素类成分：异型南五味子丁素(haeteroclitin D,HD)、五味子酚(schisanhenol,SAL)和( )-安五脂素[( )-anwulignan,AN]对血小板聚集的影响。方法 采用Born比浊法,观察此3种木脂素在0．05～25mg/L时对腺苷二磷酸(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)和血小板活化因子(platelet activating factor,PAF)诱导的兔血小板1、3、5min聚集率和最大聚集率以及最大聚集时间的影响。结果 ①HD和SAL可呈剂量依赖性抑制ADP和PAF诱导的血小板最大聚集率,AN的抑制作用较弱。②对ADP诱导的血小板1、3、5min聚集率,HD和SAL均可全程稳定抑制,AN5mg／L在3、5min时有较明显的抑制作用;对PAF诱导的血小板1、3、5min聚集率,HD在1、3min时抑制作用较强,SAL在3、5min时抑制作用较强。③HD、SAL,和AN对ADP和PAF诱导的血小板最大聚集时间无明显影响。结论 HD、SAL和AN在离体水平可不同程度抑制ADP和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集。HD的抑制作用最强,可视为南五味子属药用植物的重要活性成分之一。     

灯盏乙素对血栓形成及血小板聚集的影响

目的研究灯盏乙素对血栓形成及血小板聚集的影响.方法采用电刺激大鼠颈动脉血栓模型评价灯盏乙素对血栓形成的影响;应用Born比浊法测定灯盏乙素体内外对兔血小板聚集功能的影响.结果灯盏乙素对电刺激大鼠颈动脉引起的血栓形成具有明显的对抗作用;灯盏乙素体外显著抑制AA和ADP和PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集,其半数抑制浓度(m ed ium inh ib itory concentration,IC50)分别为70.5、39.8和97.7mg/L;灯盏乙素静脉注射也能明显降低AA和ADP、PAF诱导的兔血小板聚集率,且呈剂量-效应关系.结论灯盏乙素有明显的抗血栓形成作用,其机制与其抗血小板聚集作用密切相关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.