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1.
Oliveri MB Wittich A Mautalen C Chaperon A Kizlansky A 《Calcified tissue international》2000,67(3):220-224
Low vitamin D levels in elderly people are associated with reduced bone mass, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and increased
fracture risk. Its effect on the growing skeleton is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible influence
of chronic winter vitamin D deficiency and higher winter parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on bone mass in prepubertal children
and young adults. The study was carried out in male and female Caucasian subjects. A total of 163 prepubertal children (X
age ± 1 SD: 8.9 ± 0.7 years) and 234 young adults (22.9 ± 3.6 years) who had never received vitamin D supplementation were
recruited from two areas in Argentina: (1)Ushuaia (55° South latitude), where the population is known to have low winter 25OHD
levels and higher levels of PTH in winter than in summer, and (2)Buenos Aires (34°S), where ultraviolet (UV) radiation and
vitamin D nutritional status in the population are adequate all year round. Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density
(BMD) of the ultradistal and distal radius were measured in the young adults. Only distal radius measurements were taken in
the children. Similar results were obtained in age-sex matched groups from both areas. The only results showing significant
difference corresponded to comparison among the Ushuaian women: those whose calcium (Ca) intake was below 800 mg/day presented
lower BMD and BMC values than those whose Ca intake was above that level (0.469 ± 0.046 versus 0.498 ± 0.041 g/cm2, P < 0.02; 3.131 ± 0.367 versus 3.339 ± 0.386 g, P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, peripheral BMD and BMC were similar in children and young adults from Ushuaia and Buenos
Aires in spite of the previously documented difference between both areas regarding UV radiation and winter vitamin D status.
BMD of axial skeletal areas as well the concomitant effect of a low Ca diet and vitamin D deficiency on the growing skeleton
should be studied further.
Received: 7 June 1999 / Accepted: 22 March 2000 相似文献
2.
R. Kikuchi T. Uemura I. Gorai S. Ohno H. Minaguchi 《Calcified tissue international》1999,64(2):102-106
To determine whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone
loss in the Japanese population, VDR BsmI RFLPs were analyzed in 191 postmenopausal Japanese women by comparing B allele and b allele DNA sequences, and a point mutation
was confirmed. We examined VDR BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with an amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) using this point
of mutation. The frequency of VDR BsmI alleles in the Japanese population was significantly different from that in whites. The bb genotype was identified in 79.6%,
of the subjects, the Bb genotype in 19.3%, and the BB genotype was in only 1.1%. We find no significant differences in lumbar
spine baseline BMD between the bb genotype and the Bb genotype. In both early and late postmenopausal periods, serial measurements
of vertebral BMD revealed that subjects with the Bb genotype lost BMD faster than those with the bb genotype (P= 0.001). We conclude that there is a significant relationship between RFLPs of BsmI VDR and the annual rates of bone loss during early and late postmenopausal periods in the Japanese population.
Received: 14 May 1997 / Accepted: 9 July 1998 相似文献
3.
L. D. Spotila J. Caminis R. Johnston K. S. Shimoya M. P. O'Connor D. J. Prockop A. Tenenhouse H. S. Tenenhouse 《Calcified tissue international》1996,59(4):235-237
We report a cross-sectional study of 48 men, 56 premenopausal women, and 80 postmenopausal women who were of three ethnic/regional
backgrounds: southern European (Greek, Italian), eastern European (Jewish, Polish, Hungarian), and western European (French,
British). We determined bone mineral density (BMD) at four skeletal sites and assessed the vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype
by the Bsml restriction site polymorphism. Age and body mass index had significant effects on BMD by multiple regression analysis.
In addition, ethnic/regional group had a significant effect on spinal BMD in premenopausal females (P= 0.014) and in males (P= 0.039). However, VDR genotype had no significant effect on BMD in any of the three study groups.
Received: 4 December 1995 / Accepted: 27 March 1996 相似文献
4.
R. W. Keen P. Egger C. Fall P. J. Major J. S. Lanchbury T. D. Spector C. Cooper 《Calcified tissue international》1997,60(3):233-235
Family and twin studies have demonstrated a strong genetic component to the development of peak bone mass. Early fetal and
infant environment has also been shown to influence bone mass through an effect on skeletal size and mineral content. We report
a retrospective study that has examined whether early infant growth is regulated by genetic factors shown to be associated
with bone mass. We have determined the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene alleles for 66 women (mean age 65.5 years) on whom detailed
birth records were available. There was a statistically significant trend (P= 0.04) for VDR genotype against weight at the age of 1 year, with the ``tt' homozygote group having 7% higher weight. We
conclude that early fetal or infant environment may interact with an individual's underlying genotype to program early skeletal
growth, and that this may track through later life to influence adult characteristics. Further prospective studies are required,
however, to fully clarify the precise environmental and genetic mechanisms underlying these findings.
Received: 5 June 1996 / Accepted: 21 August 1996 相似文献
5.
Correlation Between Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes and Bone Mineral Density in Japanese Patients with Osteoporosis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. Tamai M. Yokouchi S. Komiya K. Mochizuki S. Hidaka S. Narita A. Inoue K. Itoh 《Calcified tissue international》1997,60(3):229-232
In order to better understand the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, we investigated the correlation between the vitamin D receptor
(VDR) genotypes defined by BsmI restriction enzyme, as well as other related factors, and the bone mineral density (BMD) at
the lumbar spine in 90 Japanese patients with osteoporosis. The same study was performed in 36 patients with osteoarthrosis
of the hip joint and 92 healthy volunteers. The majority of the VDR genotypes were bb, and a few of the population showed
either the BB or Bb genotype in all three groups. There was no statistical difference in the frequencies of these VDR genotypes
in the three groups. The mean age-matched value of BMD (Z scores) at the lumbar spine in patients with osteoporosis was significantly
lower than that in patients with osteoarthrosis or healthy volunteers. The mean Z scores of the healthy volunteers with bb
genotype were significantly higher than those with BB genotype, whereas those of the osteoporosis patients with BB genotype
were significantly higher than those with Bb genotype. There was no significant difference in the mean Z scores between bb
and Bb genotypes in patients with osteoporosis and healthy volunteers. No significant difference was seen in the mean Z scores
in patients with osteoarthrosis regardless of genotype. On the other hand, body weight significantly correlated with BMD in
patients with osteoporosis by simple- and multiple-regression analysis. These results indicate that the BMD at the lumbar
spine in Japanese patients with osteoporosis is affected by body weight, and might be affected partially by the VDR genotypes
defined by BsmI.
Received: 22 September 1995 / Accepted: 24 September 1996 相似文献
6.
Y. V. Ho E. M. Briganti Y. Duan R. Buchanan S. Hall E. Seeman 《Osteoporosis international》1999,9(2):134-138
Corticosteroid therapy (CST) is associated with reduced intestinal calcium absorption, bone loss and increased fracture risk.
As polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may be associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and intestinal calcium
absorption, we asked whether patients with a given VDR genotype receiving CST may be at increased or decreased risk for corticosteroid-related
bone loss and osteoporosis. We measured areal BMD (g/cm2) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 193 women (50 premenopausal, 143 postmenopausal) and 70 men with rheumatoid arthritis
(n= 44), obstructive airway diseases (n= 128) and other corticosteroid-treated diseases (n= 91). All patients received a cumulative dose greater than 1.8 g per year or a minimum of 5 mg daily of prednisolone or equivalent
for at least 1 year. VDR alleles were typed by polymerase chain reaction assay based on the polymorphic BsmI and TaqI restriction sites. BMD in patients was expressed as a Z-score (mean ± SEM) derived from age- and gender-matched controls. BMD was reduced in patients at the lumbar spine (bb, −0.52
± 0.12; Bb, −0.47 ± 0.11; BB, −0.65 ± 0.18 SD; p<0.01), femoral neck (bb, −0.46 ± 0.10; Bb, −0.34 ± 0.10; BB, −0.54 ± 0.14 SD; p<0.01), Ward’s triangle (bb, −0.44 ± 0.10; Bb, −0.31 ± 0.10; BB, −0.45 ± 0.13 SD; p<0.01), and trochanter (bb, −0.50 ± 0.10; Bb, −0.30 ± 0.10; BB, −0.44 ± 0.14 SD; p<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the deficit in BMD in any of the genotypes, either before or after
adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, disease type, age at onset of disease, disease duration, cumulative steroid dosage,
smoking status and dietary calcium intake. Similarly, there were no detectable differences between the BsmI genotypes and the rate of bone loss in 79 patients with repeated BMD measurements at an interval of 4–48 months. The data
suggest that the VDR genotypes may not be a means of identifying patients at greater risk of corticosteroid-related bone loss.
Received: 23 December 1997 / Accepted: 26 May 1998 相似文献
7.
Holmberg-Marttila D Sievänen H Järvinen TL Järvinen TA 《Calcified tissue international》2000,66(3):184-189
BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and PvuII RFLPs of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene and their relation to changes in areal bone mineral density (BMD) were examined
in 43 healthy postpartum Finnish women aged 31.3 (SD 4.7) years. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at lumbar
spine, right femoral neck, and dominant distal radius immediately after delivery, 1 month after resumption of menses, and
1 year thereafter. The RFLPs were represented as Bb (BsmI) and Pp (PvuII), the capital letters denoting the absence of and the small letters the presence of the restriction sites. The frequency
of VDR alleles was as follows: bb (20.9%), Bb (60.5%), and BB (18.6%), and that of ER alleles was pp (39.5%), Pp (51.2%),
and PP (9.3%). Altogether, BMD decreased significantly during postpartum amenorrhea at all sites [the mean bone loss ranging
from −1.2 (SD 3.6)% at the distal radius to −3.7 (2.9)% at the femoral neck], and increased after resumption of menses [the
1-year follow-up BMD values ranging from −1.0 (2.4)% at the femoral neck to +3.3 (4.0)% at the lumbar spine as compared with
baseline]. No obvious genotype-related differences were found between these changes. These results suggest that the BsmI and PvuII polymorphisms may not have substantial influence on BMD changes postpartum.
Received: 20 November 1998 / Accepted: 30 September 1999 相似文献
8.
Factors Affecting Peak Bone Density in Japanese Women 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Both genetic and environmental factors have been shown to contribute to the determination of bone density. To clarify the
interaction between genetic and environmental factors affecting peak bone mass, we investigated the correlation between bone
mineral density (BMD) and physical constitution, vitamin D receptor (VDR) genotype, age, age of menarche, history of menstrual
dysfunction, and exercise in 157 healthy young Japanese women. History of exercise and menstrual dysfunction were significant
independent predictors of BMD. The VDR genotype also affects peak bone density. Exercise has been shown to increase BMD in
a similar way for each VDR genotype including those women who have the particular genotype associated with low bone density.
This data indicate that there are complex gene-environmental interactions particularly in relation to menstrual history, exercise,
and genetic factors during childhood/adolescence that may have implications for the development of adult BMD in women.
Received: 28 November 1997 / Accepted: 11 May 1998 相似文献
9.
T. L. N. Järvinen T. A. H. Järvinen H. Sievänen A. Heinonen M. Tanner X.-H. Huang A. Nenonen J. J. Isola M. Järvinen P. Kannus 《Calcified tissue international》1998,62(5):413-417
The objective of this prospective controlled study was to determine whether the osteogenic response of bone to mechanical
loading is dependent on the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism. Thirty-five healthy premenopausal women took part in a
progressive, high-impact exercise three times a week for a period of 18 months and 45 women served as nonexercising controls.
The trainees were divided into three groups: bb (n = 12, 34%); Bb (n = 16, 46%); BB (n = 7, 20%) according to polymorphism
at the gene encoding the VDR (BB representing subjects without the restriction enzyme BsmI sites on the two VDR gene alleles). Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (BMD) were measured at the
lumber spine, proximal femur, knee, calcaneus, and dominant distal radius before the beginning of the exercise regimen and
at 12 and 18 months of training using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). As an indicator of the total osteogenic effect
of the training, ΣBMC was derived by summing up the BMC values of the loaded sites (i.e., the lower limb sites and the lumbar
spine). The mean ΣBMC increased 2.0% in the bb group, 3.0% in the Bb group, and 2.8% in the BB group (P= 0.184 for the intergroup difference), but only 0.8% in the controls (exercisers versus controls, P < 0.001). Individuals with the BB genotype of the VDR gene, subjects with whom the BMC can be lower than normal and whose
bones can be less responsive to pharmacological therapies than bones of the other individuals, seem to have as good osteogenic
response to mechanical loading as subjects with other VDR genotypes. Thus, irrespective of the VDR genotype, physical activity
seems to be beneficial for bones of premenopausal women.
Received: 14 May 1997 / Accepted: 14 November 1997 相似文献
10.
O. M. Hauache M. Lazaretti-Castro S. Andreoni S. G. A. Gimeno C. Brandão A. C. Ramalho T. S. Kasamatsu I. Kunii L. F. Hayashi S. A. Dib J. G. H. Vieira 《Osteoporosis international》1998,8(3):204-210
Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are at higher risk of developing osteoporosis. Among the genetic
factors related to the development of osteoporosis, a possible association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism
and bone mineral density (BMD) has been described in some populations. We characterized the VDR gene polymorphism in a healthy
adult Brazilian population and in a group of patients with IDDM and correlated these findings with densitometric values in
both groups. The Brazilian population is characterized by an important racial heterogeneity and therefore is considered an
ethnically heterogeneous population. We recruited 94 healthy adult Brazilian volunteers (63 women and 31 men), mean (+ SD)
age 32.4 + 6.5 years (range 18–49 years), and 78 patients with IDDM (33 women and 45 men) diagnosed before 18 years of age,
mean (+ SD) age 23.3 + 5.5 years (range 18–39 years). VDR genotype was assessed by polymerase chain reaction amplification
followed by BsmI digestion on DNA isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes. Statistical analysis included Bonferroni t-test to compare densitometric values within different genotypes in both groups and multiple regression analysis of bone density
adjusted for potential confounding factors. The IDDM group had a lower BMD compared with the control group. The VDR genotype
distribution in the control group was 43 Bb (45.7%), 39 bb (41.5%) and 12 BB (12.8%). This distribution did not differ from that observed in the IDDM group: 39 Bb (50%), 26 bb (33.3%) and 13 BB (16.7%). In the IDDM group, patients with the Bb genotype had a higher body weight when compared with the BB genotype (p= 0.02). However, when diabetic patients were controlled for age, sex and body mass index, BB genotype was associated with a lower mean BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck than in Bb and bb patients. BB patients had a shorter duration of IDDM than bb and Bb patients. These findings suggest a small influence of VDR gene polymorphism on BMD of a racially heterogeneous population
with IDDM.
Received: 5 March 1997 / Accepted: 23 September 1997 相似文献
11.
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (CIO) is a serious disorder that results in significant long-term morbidity. Increased
bone resorption is caused by decreased Ca absorption and increased urinary Ca excretion leading to secondary hyperparathyroidsim.
Calcium prophylaxis alone, when patients start corticosteroids, is associated with rapid rates of spinal bone loss and offers
only partial protection from corticosteroid-induced spinal bone loss. Though calcium supplementation may have some benefit,
it clearly cannot completely prevent corticosteroid-induced bone loss. At most, Ca therapy should only be considered adjunctive
therapy in the treatment or prevention of corticosteroid-induced bone loss and should be administered in combination with
other treatments. Earlier work demonstrated increases in forearm bone mineral density (BMD) with the use of Ca and vitamin
D in patients with established CIO. However, caution should be taken when interpreting these results, since bone loss generally
tapers or plateaus after the first 12 months of corticosteroid treatment; as such, any therapy might show benefit. In addition,
bone density was only taken at the radius and not the spine where most of the bone loss takes place. Nonetheless, in recent
trials of at least 2-year duration in which calcium and vitamin D therapy served as placebos, the result indicated that bone
mass was maintained at the spine and hip throughout treatment in patients who had used chronic corticosteroids. In primary
prevention trials, the amount of bone loss observed in the spine after therapy with Ca and vitamin D combinations is similar
to that observed in other prevention studies in the Ca alone-treated control groups. Furthermore, Ca and vitamin D therapy
appears to be less effective than other agents in the prevention of corticosteroid-induce bone loss. Although several studies
do not report side effects that may be associated with Ca and vitamin D therapy, the few that do frequently report hypercalciuria.
In the absence of other studies that support the use of Ca and vitamin D in the prevention of CIO, the data are too limited
to generally recommend them alone as a preventative therapy. Activated vitamin D may be of greater benefit. 相似文献
12.
Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Bone Mass, Bone Loss and Prevalence of Vertebral Fracture: Differences in Postmenopausal Women and Men 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
C. Gómez M. L. Naves Y. Barrios J. B. Díaz J. L. Fernández E. Salido A. Torres J. B. Cannata 《Osteoporosis international》1999,10(3):175-182
Bone mineral density (BMD), the major determinant of fracture risk, is under strong genetic control. Although polymorphisms
of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been suggested to account for some of the genetic variation in bone mass, the influence
of VDR genotypes on osteoporosis remains controversial. Previous published studies have focused mainly on women, but the pattern
of response in men has not been determined. Using the BsmI restriction enzyme, we studied the influence of the different VDR genotypes on bone mass, bone loss and the prevalence of
vertebral fractures in a population-based sample of both sexes (n = 326). BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, with a 4-year interval, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Vertebral fractures were assessed by two lateral radiographs at the beginning and end of the study. The prevalence of the
three possible VDR genotypes was similar to those in other Caucasian populations and no differences were found between men
and women. Women with the favorable bb genotype showed significantly higher BMD values at the lumbar spine and femoral neck,
and a positive rate of BMD change at the femoral neck compared with women with the BB and Bb genotypes. Moreover, women with
the bb genotype showed a trend toward a lower prevalence and incidence of vertebral fractures (p= 0.07). We have not found any differences between VDR genotypes in men. In conclusion, VDR gene polymorphisms are related
to bone mass and bone loss in women; also a trend in the prevalence of vertebral fractures was observed in postmenopausal
women but not in men.
Received: 8 June 1998 / Accepted: 7 December 1998 相似文献
13.
Z. Efstathiadou V. Kranas J. P. A. Ioannidis I. Georgiou A. Tsatsoulis 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(4):326-331
Several genetic polymorphisms are implicated as determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. These
include the Sp1 polymorphism of the collagen type Iα 1 (COLIA1) gene, the FokI and BsmI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, and the PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene. The relative importance and the independence of these genetic effects
have not been studied simultaneously in the same population. We evaluated the effects of these polymorphisms on lumbar spine
BMD among 154 postmenopausal Greek women. BMD tended to differ across Sp1 genotypes (mean 0.842 g/cm2 in SS, 0.851 g/cm2 in Ss, 0.763 in ss, age-adjusted p = 0.056), mostly because ss homozygotes had lower BMD (p = 0.018 compared with SS and Ss). No other polymorphisms were associated with BMD in this population (p= 0.53 for FokI, p= 0.94 for BsmI, p = 0.80 for PvuII, p = 0.91 for XbaI). In multivariate modeling, the effect of ss homozygosity was clinically and statistically significant (–0.105 g/cm2, p= 0.013) after adjusting for age, weight, height, hormone replacement use, and the other four polymorphisms. None of the other
four polymorphisms was retained as an independent predictor of BMD in a backward elimination model and no significant synergistic
effects were observed when gene interactions were tested. When all five polymorphisms are considered simultaneously, the Sp1
COLIA1 polymorphism seems to have the most unequivocal effect on BMD, at least in postmenopausal women.
Received: 3 July 2000 / Accepted: 14 November 2000 相似文献
14.
H.-Y. ChenChen W.-C. Chen W.-C. Chen F.-J. Tsai C.-H. Tsai C.-W. Li 《Osteoporosis international》2001,12(12):1036-1041
Osteoporosis is a common disorder with a strong genetic component. Our aim was to evaluate the correlation of the vitamin
D receptor gene intron 8 BsmI polymorphism with bone mineral density (BMD) and their relationship to osteoporosis. We determined the vitamin D receptor
gene intron 8 BsmI polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis in 171 postmenopausal Chinese women in Taiwan. The
polymorphism was detected using the restriction enzyme BsmI, where the B allele indicated absence of the cuttable site and the b allele its presence. BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal
femur were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The allelic frequencies for postmenopausal Chinese women in Taiwan
were 12.3% for B and 87.7% for b in BsmI restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The prevalence of each genotype in the study population was: 6.4% BB, 11.7% Bb
and 81.9% bb. The three genotypic groups differed significantly in BMD at the lumbar spine and the femoral neck. These differences
corresponded to significant gene-dose effects at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (p<0.001 for both sites). The relative risk for the development of osteoporosis was about 2–3 times as great as that predicted
by the differences between genotypes in BMD, and remained significant even after adjustment for age, height and weight. The
vitamin D receptor gene intron 8 BsmI polymorphism is associated with reduced BMD and predisposes women to osteoporosis.
Received: 21 February 2001 / Accepted: 31 May 2001 相似文献
15.
High Bone Turnover is Associated with Low Bone Mass and Spinal Fracture in Postmenopausal Women 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
P. Ravn M. Rix H. Andreassen B. Clemmesen M. Bidstrup M. Gunnes 《Calcified tissue international》1997,60(3):255-260
A group of 366 healthy, white postmenopausal women, aged 50–81 years, mean age 66 years, were selected from the screened
population of Scandinavians who were part of a multicenter study of the efficacy of tiludronate, a new bisphosphonate, in
established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Eighty-eight women had a lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) above 0.860 g/cm2, and 278 women had a BMD below 0.860 g/cm2. Spinal fracture was diagnosed from lateral spine X-ray studies and defined as at least 20% height reduction (wedge, compression,
or endplate fracture) in at least one vertebra (T4–L4). Bone resorption was assessed by measurement of the urinary excretion
of type I collagen degradation products by the CrossLaps™ enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Bone formation was assessed by
ELISA measurement of the N-terminal-mid-fragment as well as the intact serum osteocalcin (OCN-MID), thus omitting the influence of the instability of osteocalcin caused by the labile 6 amino acid C-terminal sequence. The
women were divided into groups with high or low bone turnover according to the concentrations of urinary CrossLaps™ or OCN-MID. Women in the quartiles with the highest concentrations of CrossLaps [519 ± 119 μg/mmol (SD)] or OCN-MID [44.6 ± 7.5 ng/ml (SD)] had 10–16% lower spinal BMD compared with women in the lowest quartiles (CrossLaps 170 ± 48 μg/mmol
(SD), and OCN-MID [22.1 ± 3.0 ng/ml (SD)] (P < 0.0004). The prevalences of spinal fracture were 25 to 29% in the lowest quartiles, whereas the prevalences in the highest
quartiles were almost double—53–54% (P < 0.006). If the women were subgrouped according to spinal BMD and prevalence of spinal fracture, corresponding results were
found. Women with a BMD less than 0.860 g/cm2, without or with spinal fracture (n = 136 and n = 142), had 36–43% higher concentration of CrossLaps (P= 0.0001) and 11–15% higher concentration of OCN-MID (P < 0.02), as compared with women with a BMD above 0.860 g/cm2 and no spinal fracture (n = 84). In conclusion, the results indicate a strong association among high bone turnover, low bone
mass, and prevalence of spinal fracture, which supports the theory that high bone turnover is a risk factor for spinal fracture
and osteoporosis.
Received: 29 February 1996 / Accepted: 9 August 1996 相似文献
16.
S. S. Papiha L. C. Allcroft R. M. Kanan R. M. Francis H. K. Datta 《Calcified tissue international》1999,65(4):262-266
Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) is a major carrier protein for the vitamin D metabolites, but may also play an important
role in osteoclast differentiation. Polymorphisms of the DBP gene have been reported, including (TAAA)n-Alu repeat polymorphisms downstream of intron 8. We have examined the relationship between polymorphisms of the DBP gene
and bone mineral density (BMD) and vertebral fractures in a group of 26 men with vertebral fractures but no underlying secondary
cause of osteoporosis (median age 64, ages 27–72 years) and 21 male control subjects (median age 65, ages 40–77 years). There
was no apparent effect of DBP phenotype on BMD, but there was a relationship between certain genotypes of (TAAA)n-Alu repeats and reduced BMD and vertebral fracture. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were significantly lower in men with
10/8 genotype than 10/10 genotype (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the predominant genotype in men with vertebral fractures was 10/8, whereas the most common genotype
in control subjects was 10/10 (odds ratio 56; 95% confidence interval 7–445). Plasma DBP was higher in men with 10/8 genotype
than those with 10/10 genotype (P < 0.05), and patients with vertebral fractures were found to have higher levels than control subjects (P < 0.0005). Although our study is small because of the relative rarity of idiopathic osteoporosis in men, the results suggest
that (TAAA)n-Alu polymorphism may have an important effect on plasma levels of DBP, bone density and fracture risk in men.
Received: 5 May 1998 / Accepted: 10 April 1999 相似文献
17.
The Association of Bone Mineral Density with Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
G. Gong H. S. Stern S.-C. Cheng N. Fong J. Mordeson H.-W. Deng R. R. Recker 《Osteoporosis international》1999,9(1):55-64
A recent meta-analysis of 16 publications suggested that bone mineral density (BMD) is not associated with vitamin D receptor
(VDR) gene polymorphism (VDRGP) at the 0.05 significance level when a study with genotyping mistakes is excluded. We wished
to determine whether ‘positive’ findings supporting the BMD–VDRGP association may be explained by chance, and what factors
affect the outcomes of these studies. Seventy-five articles and abstracts on the association of VDRGP with BMD and related
skeletal phenotypes published before January 1997 were identified. Twenty-three of 67 (34.3%) studies on spinal BMD and 22
of 51 (43.1%) on femoral neck BMD had found a BMD–VDRGP association at p<0.05, significantly (p= 7 × 10–14 for spinal BMD, p= 9 × 10–16 for hip BMD) higher than the expected 5% false positive rate under the null hypothesis of ‘no association’. ‘Positive’ results
were more frequently observed in studies on females before the menopause than those on females after the menopause (p<0.02) or on male and female subjects combined (p<0.05) when skeletal phenotypes at any bone sites were considered. The ‘positive rate’ among studies was also influenced by
the age range of subjects studied and by the inclusion of subjects with osteoporosis. It is concluded that: (1) BMD is associated
with VDRGP with high levels of confidence and (2) non-genetic factors and genetic heterogeneity interfere with the detection
of the effects of VDRGP on bone phenotypes.
Received: 20 January 1998 / Accepted: 7 April 1998 相似文献
18.
Sairanen S Kärkkäinen M Tähtelä R Laitinen K Mäkelä P Lamberg-Allardt C Välimäki MJ 《Calcified tissue international》2000,67(2):122-127
To evaluate the long-term effect of calcitriol treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) of the femoral neck and lumbar spine
and the parameters of calcium and bone metabolism in elderly women, 55 healthy, postmenopausal women, all aged 66 years, were
enrolled in the study. Eighteen started a 4-year supplementation with 0.5 μg of calcitriol daily and 37 served as controls.
Calcium intake of all the subjects was adjusted to 800 mg daily. In 4 years femoral neck BMD increased by 3.0% in the calcitriol
group, but decreased by 1.6% in the control group (P= 0.009). The respective changes in lumbar spine BMD were +2.3% and +0.9% (P= 0.067). Two years' treatment with calcitriol increased the intestinal absorption of strontium by 57% (P < 0.001), doubled the urinary excretion of calcium (P < 0.001), and decreased the mean parathyroid hormone (PTH) level by 32% (P < 0.01). In the calcitriol group the marker of bone formation, serum osteocalcin, decreased by 27% (P < 0.01), and the marker of bone resorption, serum C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTx), by 33% (P= 0.05) after 2 years. In two subjects the calcitriol dose had to be reduced because of hypercalciuria. We conclude that calcitriol
treatment increases bone mass at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, the increases being maintained for up to 4 years. The
gain in bone mass results from reduced bone turnover which is partly a consequence of the enhanced intestinal absorption of
calcium and suppressed serum PTH levels.
Received: 8 January 1999 / Accepted: 29 February 2000 相似文献
19.
A Poly Adenosine Repeat in the Human Vitamin D Receptor Gene is Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Young Swedish Women 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Grundberg E Brändström H Ribom EL Ljunggren O Kindmark A Mallmin H 《Calcified tissue international》2003,73(5):455-462
Peak bone mass (PBM) and subsequent bone loss are important risk factors for development of osteoporosis later in life, and twin studies have reported strong genetic influence on PBM. The genetic factor influencing PBM is polygenetic, and many genes most likely exert relatively small effects on bone mass. The poly adenosine (A) microsatellite in the 3 untranslated region (UTR) of the VDR gene has been associated with both prostate and breast cancer risk but little is known about the effect of bone mineral density (BMD). In this report the poly A microsatellite and the linked BsmI SNP have been investigated in a population-based cohort of 343 Swedish women, aged 20–39. BMD was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry at the spine, proximal femur, total body and heel and by quantitative ultrasound at the heel. Correlations were found between VDR genotypes and BMD at lumbar spine L2-L4, (ss versus LL
, P = 0.03 and BB versus bb, P = 0.02, respectively), with a similar pattern concerning total hip (ss versus LL, P = 0.12 and BB versus bb, P = 0.16 respectively). After corrections for age, height, fat and lean mass, the VDR BsmI genotype was still associated to BMD at the lumbar spine (BB versus bb, P = 0.03). The polymorphisms were in linkage disequilibrium (Chi-square = 566, P < 0.0001). In conclusion, genetic variation in the VDR is associated with BMD in premenopausal women, and further studies are needed to evaluate a possible functional role of the VDR 3UTR poly A repeat, a region that has shown to be of important for mRNA stability. 相似文献
20.
Treatment of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis with Alfacalcidol/Calcium Versus Vitamin D/Calcium 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
J. D. Ringe A. Cöster T. Meng E. Schacht R. Umbach 《Calcified tissue international》1999,65(4):337-340
Vitamin D/calcium substitution is generally regarded as an effective first step treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
(GIOP). The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the active vitamin D metabolite alfacalcidol (1α) compared with
the native vitamin D3 in patients with established GIOP with or without vertebral fractures. Patients on long-term corticoid therapy were given
either 1 μg alfacalcidol plus 500 mg calcium per day (group A, n = 43) or 1000 IU vitamin D3 plus 500 mg calcium (group B, n = 42). The two groups were alike in age range, sex ratio, percentages of underlying diseases,
average initial bone density values (lumbar spine: mean T-score −3.28 and −3.25, respectively), and rates of vertebral and
nonvertebral fractures. During the 3-year study we found a small but significant increase of lumbar spine density in group
1α (+2.0%, P < 0.0001) and no significant changes at the femoral neck. In the D3 group, there were no significant changes at both sites. At the end of the study, 12 new vertebral fractures had occurred
in 10 patients of the group 1α and 21 in 17 patients of the D3 group. In accordance with the observed fracture rates, the alfacalcidol group showed a significant decrease in back pain
(P < 0.0001) whereas no change was seen in the vitamin D group. We conclude that with the doses used in this trial, alfacalcidol
is superior to vitamin D in the treatment of established GIOP. 相似文献