Galectin-1蛋白及孕激素受体与胃癌腹膜转移的关系

目的：探讨胃癌组织中半乳糖结合蛋白（Galectin-1）及孕激素受体（PR）表达与胃癌腹膜转移的关系。方法：应用即用型孕激素测定试剂盒及鼠抗人Galectin-1单克隆抗体和免疫组织化学SP染色法检测40例同期伴腹膜转移胃癌患者的癌旁正常胃黏膜、胃癌原发灶、胃癌腹膜转移灶及淋巴结转移灶中Galectin-1蛋白及PR的表达。结果：正常胃黏膜中Galectin-1及PR的表达与胃癌原发灶、腹膜转移灶及淋巴结转移灶之间差异均具统计学意义（P〈0．05）。胃癌原发灶、腹膜转移灶及淋巴结转移灶三者间的Galectin-1及PR表达差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：胃癌病灶中的Galectin-1及PR表达可能成为判断胃癌患者术前是否有腹膜转移及预后的生物学指标,并可为胃癌的内分泌治疗提供依据。     

胃癌组织中Ets-1的表达及其与血管生成临床病理特征和预后的关系

目的 探讨胃癌组织、癌旁组织及淋巴结转移灶中Ets-1表达的临床意义,分析Ets-1表达与血管生成、临床病理特征及预后的关系.方法 应用免疫组化SP法,采用组织芯片技术,检测189例胃癌组织、54例癌旁组织、41例淋巴结转移灶及32例正常胃黏膜中Ets-1蛋白的表达.对胃癌患者通过上门或电话进行问卷随访.结果 胃癌组织、癌旁组织和正常胃黏膜Ets-1的阳性表达率分别为71.4%、29.6%和18.8%,3组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).135例Ets-1表达阳性的胃癌组织微血管密度(MVD)为30.42±15.21,54例Ets-1表达阴性的胃癌组织MVD为25.73±11.50.两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.042).Ets-1蛋白表达与浸润深度、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.01),与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、分化程度、Lanren分型无关(P＞0.05).41例淋巴结转移灶和相对应的41例胃癌组织Ets-1表达阳性率分别为84.4%和58.5%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.007).单因素分析显示,Ets-1表达对胃癌患者生存期的影响有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Cox多元回归分析显示,Ets-1表达不是胃癌患者预后的独立影响因素(P＞0.05).结论 Ets-1在促进胃癌血管生成中发挥着重要作用,在胃癌的发生、发展中扮演了重要角色,Ets-1表达对胃癌患者的生存期有一定影响,胃癌淋巴结转移灶和原发灶肿瘤组织中Ets-1的表达不同,具有异质性.     

胃癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶HER2表达的临床意义

目的 观察HER2在胃癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶中的表达及其临床意义.方法 选取胃癌患者140例,其中淋巴结转移94例.采集胃癌患者的原发灶、淋巴结转移灶及癌旁组织,采用免疫组织化学法(Elivision)方法检测3种组织中HER2蛋白表达情况.结果 140例胃癌原发灶组织中HER2蛋白阳性表达与胃癌TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05),而与患者性别、年龄和分化程度无关(P>0.05),癌旁组织中HER2表达与性别、年龄、分化程度、TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移均无关(P>0.05);HER2蛋白在胃癌原发灶、淋巴结转移灶中表达水平均高于癌旁组织,差异有统计学意义,而94例淋巴结转移灶和对应的胃癌原发灶中HER2表达的差异无统计学意义;94例有淋巴结转移的患者淋巴结转移灶与原发灶HER2表达一致率为89.4%,两类标本HER2表达状态具有一致性(Z=6.386,P<0.001).结论 胃癌HER2蛋白的阳性表达与胃癌TNM分期、浸润深度及淋巴结转移有关,提示HER2的表达与胃癌的浸润转移有关;胃癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶HER2的表达具有较好的一致性,患者在不能获取原发病灶的情况下,检测转移灶中HER-2可能为靶向治疗的选择提供依据,为晚期胃癌患者带来希望.     

趋化因子受体CXCR1及CXCR2在胃癌腹膜转移中的表达及意义

目的 检测趋化因子受体CXCR1及CXCR2在胃癌原发灶、癌旁组织和腹膜转移灶中的表达情况,分析其在胃癌腹膜转移中的临床意义.方法 免疫组化法检测趋化因子受体CXCR1、CXCR2在胃癌腹膜转移患者原发灶、转移灶、癌旁组织和未转移患者原发灶中的表达情况;对胃癌腹膜转移的患者进行随访,比较趋化因子受体CXCR1及CXCR2阳性和阴性表达的中位生存时间;Logistic回归多因素分析胃癌腹膜转移的危险因素.结果 CXCR1、CXCR2在胃癌腹膜转移组原发灶和癌旁组织中的表达有统计学差异(均P<0.05).发生腹膜转移和未发生腹膜转移的原发灶间,CXCR2的表达也有统计学差异(P<0.05),而CXCR1的表达差异则无统计学意义(P>0.05).CXCR2在胃癌腹膜转移灶中的阳性表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、分化程度、肿瘤大小相关(均P<0.05);CXCR1在胃癌腹膜转移灶中的表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、分化程度、肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、淋巴转移、年龄、性别均无相关性(均P>0.05).CXCR2表达阳性的患者的术后生存时间低于CXCR2表达阴性的患者.原发肿瘤的大小、浸润深度、分化程度,以及原发灶中CXCR2的表达是胃癌腹膜转移的危险因素.结论 趋化因子受体CXCR1、CXCR2的表达水平与胃癌的生长有关;而CXCR2的表达与胃癌腹膜转移有关.     

腹膜转移胃癌中GST-π的表达与预后

目的探讨腹膜转移胃癌中谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST-π)的表达及临床意义。方法 应用免疫组化S-P 法检测56例有腹膜转移胃癌原发灶和24例腹膜转移灶的手术标本中GST-π的蛋白表达情况,以40例非腹膜转移胃癌原发灶作对照,并结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果 GST-π在癌旁正常组织、非腹膜转移胃癌原发灶、腹膜转移胃癌原发灶和腹膜转移灶中阳性表达率分别为30.0%(6/20)、72.5%(29/40)、89.3%(50/56)、66.7%(16/24)。GST-π在非腹膜转移组的阳性表达率低于腹膜转移组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。GST-π在腹膜转移灶中阳性表达率低于其在相应原发灶中的阳性表达率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。GST-π蛋白表达与胃癌腹膜转移患者的组织学类型相关(P＜0.05),而与年龄、性别、脏器侵犯、Borrmann分型、浆膜浸润、淋巴结转移、腹膜转移程度无关(P＞0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存统计结果显示腹膜转移胃癌患者GST-π的高表达与否与其生存期有关(P＜0.05)。结论 GST-π蛋白表达与腹膜转移胃癌原发灶的组织学类型有关,应用免疫组化法检测其表达情况对腹膜转移胃癌患者的化疗药物选择及提示预后有一定的意义,GST-π的高表达可能与胃癌的腹膜转移发生有关。     

乳腺癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶MDR1 mRNA表达及与临床指标的相关性分析

目的:通过对乳腺癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶的多药耐药基因1(multi-drug resistance gene 1,MDR1)mRNA表达差异及与临床指标相关性进行分析,探讨肿瘤多药耐药和侵袭转移之间可能存在的相关性.方法:应用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,RFQ-PCR)方法检测21例浸润性乳腺癌患者的原发灶和淋巴结转移灶MDR1 mRNA的表达.结果:MDR1 mRNA在淋巴结转移灶中的表达水平明显高于原发灶(P<0.05),并且在淋巴结转移灶和原发灶中的表达有相关性(r=0.795,P<0.05).MDR1 mRNA表达与雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)、Cerb B2、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移个数等临床指标无相关性(P>0.05).结论:MDR1 mRNA表达可能与肿瘤的侵袭转移有关.     

Tiam1与胃癌侵袭及转移相关性研究

目的 检测T淋巴瘤侵袭转移诱导因子1(Tiam1)在正常胃黏膜组织、不典型增生组织、胃癌组织及淋巴结转移灶的表达,探讨Tiam11与胃癌侵袭及转移的关系.方法 应用免疫组化方法检测42例正常胃黏膜组织、53例不典型增生组织、86例胃癌及40例淋巴结转移灶中Tiam1蛋白的表达,分析其与胃癌临床病理因素间的关系.结果 Tiam1蛋白在正常胃黏膜组织中表达(11.9%)显著低于不典型增生组织(49.1%)、癌组织(83.7%)和淋巴结转移灶(90.0%),差异有显著性(P＜0.01),且随胃癌组织浸润深度的增加及伴有淋巴结转移,Tiam1蛋白阳性率逐渐升高,差异有显著性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).但Tiam1蛋白表达水平与胃癌患者的性别、年龄及组织类型无关(P＞0.05).结论 随着胃癌的侵袭及转移,Tiam1表达呈上升趋势,与胃癌进展转移呈正相关.Tiam1基因有可能成为肿瘤治疗的新靶点.     

人胃癌VEGF-C、VEGF-D的表达与淋巴结转移的关系

目的 通过从蛋白水平检测VEGF-C、VEGF-D在正常胃黏膜及胃癌中的表达情况,探讨胃癌发生淋巴结转移的机制.方法 应用免疫组化SABC法检测VEGF-C、VEGF-D在正常胃黏膜及胃癌组织中的表达情况.结果 VEGF-C在正常胃黏膜中阴性表达,在胃癌组织中有选择性的表达,阳性率为44.4%,胃癌组与正常胃黏膜组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).VEGF-D在正常胃黏膜中无表达,在胃癌组织中阳性率为41.3%,胃癌组与正常胃黏膜组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).在有淋巴结转移组和无淋巴结转移组,VEGF-C的阳性表达率分别为64.5%和25.0%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).VEGF-D在这两组中的阳性表达率分别为61.3%和21.9%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).且VEGF-C、VEGF-D的阳性表达与胃癌的组织学分级、浸润深度密切相关.结论 VEGF-C、VEGF-D的过表达可能参与了胃癌的淋巴结转移.     

乳腺癌原发灶和淋巴结转移灶激素受体及HER-2与Ki-67表达相关性分析

目的:探讨雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)和孕激素受体(progestin receptor,PR)与表皮生长因子受体(hu-man epidermal growth factor,HER-2)及Ki-67在乳腺癌原发灶与淋巴结转移灶组织的表达,及ER、PR、HER-2与Ki-67表达之间的相关性。方法:2012-01-2012-09在山东省肿瘤医院行手术治疗且术后病理确诊伴有同侧腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者83例,采用免疫组织化学法同时检测原发灶和淋巴结转移灶ER、PR、HER-2与Ki-67的表达。结果:83例乳腺癌患者中,ER在原发灶与转移灶表达一致71例,一致率为85.5%,变化率为14.5%。ER在原发灶与转移灶之间的表达差异有统计学意义,P=0.039。PR在原发灶与转移灶表达一致75例,一致率为90.4%,变化率为9.6%。PR在原发灶与转移灶之间的表达差异无统计学意义,P=0.289。HER-2在原发灶与转移灶表达一致74例,一致率为89.2%,变化率为10.8%。HER-2在原发灶与转移灶之间的表达差异无统计学意义,P=0.180。原发灶Ki-67高表达和转移灶Ki-67低表达与ER表达相关,P=0.031;Ki-67在原发灶与转移灶的表达水平与PR和HER-2表达无关,P>0.05。结论:乳腺癌原发灶Ki-67高表达和转移灶Ki-67低表达与ER表达相关。尽管原发灶与淋巴结转移灶具有较高一致性,但是仍有约10%的患者表达存在差异。有必要同时检测乳腺癌患者原发灶和淋巴结转移灶,为部分患者提供新的治疗思路。     

细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探究细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶12(CDK12)、聚腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶1(PARP1)在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义.方法 收集76例胃癌患者的胃癌组织标本及相应癌旁正常胃黏膜组织标本(距离肿瘤组织﹥5 cm).采用免疫组化法检测CDK12蛋白、PARP1蛋白在胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中的表达.利用Ualcan和GEPIA数据库对胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达差异进行比较,并分析胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达相关性;采用Cox回归分析对胃癌患者预后影响因素进行分析.结果 Ualcan和GEPIA数据库显示,胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1 mRNA表达水平均明显高于癌旁正常胃黏膜组织(P﹤0.05).CDK12 mRNA和PARP1 mRNA表达呈正相关(P﹤0.05).胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1阳性表达率均明显高于癌旁正常胃黏膜组织,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).不同TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况的胃癌患者的胃癌组织中CDK12和PARP1蛋白表达情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05).CDK12、PARP1蛋白阳性表达组胃癌患者5年生存率均明显低于阴性表达组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01).CDK12蛋白阳性表达、PARP1蛋白阳性表达、TNM分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、分化程度低、淋巴结转移是影响胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.01).结论 胃癌组织中CDK12、PARP1蛋白呈高表达,二者表达水平与TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关,可能作为提示胃癌患者预后不良的潜在生物标志物.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.