经皮微创接骨板技术与髓内钉固定治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较经皮微创接骨板(MIPO)技术与髓内钉(IMN)固定技术治疗肱骨干骨折的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年3月至2009年1月收治的52例肱骨干中下段骨折患者临床资料,分别采用闭合复位MIPO内固定(MIPO组)与顺行IMN固定(IMN组).MIPO组27例,男15例,女12例;年龄18～65岁,平均36.7岁;IMN组25例,男16例,女9例;年龄25～63岁,平均39.4岁.记录两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间、并发症、肘关节Mayo评分及肩关节Constant评分.结果 所有患者获16～36个月(平均17.8个月)随访.两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、住院天数、骨折愈合时间及肘关节Mayo评分比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).MIPO组术后无骨不连与桡神经麻痹等并发症发生;IMN组术后4例发生骨不连,2例出现桡神经麻痹,1例出现内翻畸形,但功能良好.MIPO组患者骨不连发生率低于IMN组,肩关节Constant评分高于IMN组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 MIPO微创内固定技术治疗肱骨干骨折具有创伤小、术中出血量少、骨性愈合快、肩肘功能恢复好等优点,同时能减少医源性桡神经损伤的风险.

Abstract：

Objective To compare clinical outcomes of minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) and intramedullary nail stabilization in treatment of acute humeral shaft fractures. Methods From March 2007 to January 2009, 52 patients were treated in our department for acute fractures of middle and lower humeral shaft. Twenty-seven were treated with MIPO technique (group A) and 25 with intramedullary nail (group B) . In group A, there were 15 men and 12 women, aged from 18 to 65 years (average, 36. 7 years); in group B, there were 16 men and 9 women, aged from 25 to 63 years (average,39. 4 years). Operation time, amount of blood transfusion, hospital stay, time for union, complications, Mayo scores of the elbow and Constant scores of the shoulder were recorded in both groups and compared statistically. Results The mean follow-up time was 17. 8 months (range, 16 to 36 months) . There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in operation time, amount of blood transfusion, hospital stay, time for union, and Mayo scores of the elbow ( P > 0. 05) . There was no case of postoperative iatrogenic radial nerve palsy or non-union in group A, but there were 4 cases of non-union, 2 cases of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy and one case of varus malunion in group B. Compared with group B, group A showed significant advantages in rate of postoperative non-union and Constant scores of the shoulder functional recovery ( P < 0. 05) . Conclusion In treatment of humeral shaft fractures, MIPO technique has advantages of less operative invasion, quick bone union, satisfactory shoulder functional recovery and low risk of postoperative palsy of the iatrogenic radial nerve.     

微创钢板固定技术治疗伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨干中下段骨折

目的 探讨用微创钢板固定(minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis, MIPO)技术治疗伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨中、下段骨折的可行性.方法 2003年4月-2006年10月,收治10例伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨干中、下段骨折患者.均为男性;年龄19～58岁.开放骨折2例,其中Gustilo Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型各1例.根据AO/ASIF分型,B1型4例,B3型2例,A2、A3、B2和C3型各1例.经上臂前侧远、近端小切口植入厚4.5 mm动力加压钢板,置于肱骨前方.于骨折部位另作外侧小切口,探查桡神经后复位骨折,螺钉固定.记录术后并发症、骨折愈合时间、桡神经功能恢复时间、肩关节和肘关节屈伸范围.采用UCLA肩关节和Mayo肘关节评分标准评价疗效.结果 10例患者切口均I期愈合.获随访9～36个月,平均15.7个月.X线片检查示,骨折均于12～16周愈合,平均13.6周.9例桡神经功能术后12～36周完全恢复,平均17.8周;1例尚在恢复中.肩关节外展150～170°,平均165°;肘关节活动范围130～140°,平均135.5°.根据UCLA评分标准,肩关节功能优9例,良1例;根据Mayo肘关节评分标准,10例患者肘关节功能均为优.结论 采用MIPO技术治疗伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨干中、下段骨折可获得良好效果.     

Humeral nailing revisited

Unreamed interlocked humeral nailing for stabilisation of acute humeral fractures was introduced a decade ago. Antegrade and retrograde nail insertion are equally popular. The role of nailing as opposed to plating of humeral fractures is the subject of continuous debate. Between 1997 and 2005, 99 acute fractures of the humeral shaft were treated operatively with the unreamed humeral nail (UHN, Synthes) in our Level I Trauma Centre. The mean age of the patients was 63 years. Only eight patients (8.1%) were polytraumatised, nine patients had an open fracture (9.1%), five had a primary radial nerve palsy (5.1%). There were 54 antegrade and 45 retrograde nailings. The procedures were performed by 19 different surgeons, who carefully followed a detailed operation protocol. There were 6 adverse events: 3 secondary radial nerve palsies (3%), 2 fissures at the insertion point (2%) and one false placement of a locking screw (1%). Three patients developed pseudarthrosis (3%). Eight further operation were necessary (8.1%): 3 exploration of the radial nerve, 3 for treatment of pseudarthrosis, one replacement of a locking screw and one wound revision for superficial wound infection. Ninety patients (92 fractures) were evaluated after bone healing. Shoulder function was assessed using the Constant Score, elbow function with the Mayo Elbow Score. 91.3% and 5.4% of patients had an excellent or good shoulder function, 81.5% and 14.1% had an excellent or good elbow function. All patients with a functional deficit of the shoulder joint had antegrade, all patients with a deficit at the elbow joint retrograde nailing. Motor function recovered in all radial nerve palsies. 93.5% of patients had an excellent or good functional end result.Unreamed humeral nailing is a valid therapeutic option for stabilisation of acute humeral shaft fractures. Antegrade and retrograde nailing are associated with specific but different complications. By strictly adhering to the operation technique, the number and severity of complications can be reduced. When good fracture alignment and stability are obtained, uneventful bone healing with good functional outcome is the rule.     

顺行旋入式髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨干骨折疗效比较

目的比较顺行旋入式髓内钉和锁定钢板系统治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法对38例肱骨干骨折患者,采用顺行旋入式自锁髓内钉固定21例,锁定钢板系统内固定17例。结果 38例均获随访,平均18.6个月。旋入式自锁髓内钉组平均手术时间(47.90±4.98)min,桡神经损伤1例,骨折平均愈合时间(23.04±1.62)周,肩关节Constant评分平均(77.71±5.84)分,肘关节Mayo评分(91.33±1.73)分;锁定钢板系统组平均手术时间(62.64±4.71)min,桡神经损伤2例,骨折平均愈合时间(27.88±1.57)周,肩关节Constant评分(86.14±2.27)分,肘关节Mayo评分(92.44±2.29)分。治愈率均为100%。旋入式髓内钉组在手术时间、骨折愈合时间上短于锁定钢板组(P0.01),但Con-stant肩关节评分较低(P0.01),其他指标无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论旋入式自锁髓内钉手术操作简单、时间短、损伤小、术中并发症少、骨折愈合快,适合稳定性骨折、非缺损性粉碎性骨折,但抗旋转及抗短缩方面不及锁定钢板系统,对非稳定性骨折、断端缺损性粉碎性骨折宜选择锁定钢板系统。     

微创技术结合锁定钢板治疗老年骨质疏松性肱骨干骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨微创技术结合锁定钢板治疗老年骨质疏松性肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。方法 :2012年7月至2016年12月,采用微创技术结合锁定钢板治疗26例老年骨质疏松性肱骨干骨折患者,男10例,女16例;年龄61～81岁,平均70.3岁;平均骨密度值-2.74。26例骨折均为闭合性骨折,其中A型6例,B型7例,C型13例。所有病例术后随访12个月,统计术前及术后12个月Constant肩关评分和Mayo肘关节评分。结果:26例均获随访,时间12～16个月,平均13.2个月,骨折均在16周内愈合,平均愈合时间14.3周。Constant肩关节评分术前及术后12个月分别为54.61±2.09、88.50±2.47;Mayo肘关节评分术前及术后12个月分别为58.19±2.74、90.30±2.16。结论:微创技术结合锁定钢板治疗老年骨质疏松性肱骨干骨折术后肩、肘关节功能恢复良好,是治疗老年骨质疏松性肱骨干骨折的有效方法。     

微创旋入钉内固定技术治疗伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨干中下段骨折

目的：总结微创旋入钉内固定技术在治疗伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨干中、下段骨折的应用效果。方法：自2004年1月至2008年1月,收治36倒伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨干中、下段骨折患者。其中男28例,女8例;年龄20～58岁,平均36．5岁。致伤原因：机械伤18例,交通伤8例,意外伤10例,均为闭合性骨折。根据AO分型：A1型5例,A2型7例,B1型8例,B2型7例,B3型5例,C3型4例。于骨折部位外侧做小切口,探查桡神经后,复位骨折。经肩峰外侧做小切口,分开三角肌,于大结节后侧开槽,顺行用髓腔钻扩髓,挑选合适旋入钉旋入髓腔远端,沿槽口打入锁片完成固定。记录术后并发症、骨折愈合时间、桡神经功能恢复时间、肩关节和肘关节屈伸范围。采用ASES肩关节和HSS肘关节评分标准评价疗效.结果：36例患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。获随访9-36周,平均18．5周。骨折愈合时间12～16周,平均为15．6周。桡神经功能术后12～36周完全恢复,平均17．8周。肩关节外展150°～170°,平均160°;肘关节活动范围130°～140°,平均135°。肩关节功能根据ASES评分标准,由术前的（43．85±8．90）分上升至术后的（91．27±7．66）分,差异有统计学意义（t=24．238,P=0．000）,其中优20例,良12例,可4例;肘关节根据HSS评分标准,由术前的（39．97±16．06）分上升至术后的（96．22±3．59）分,差异有统计学意义（t=20．512,P=0．000）,36例均为优。结论：采用微创旋入钉内固定技术治疗伴桡神经麻痹的肱骨干中、下段骨折可获得良好效果。     

The external fixation in the treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures: outcomes of 84 cases

We retrospectively review 84 cases of diaphyseal humeral fractures (24 type A, 38 type B, 22 type C of the AO/OTA classification) treated with external fixation (Hoffmann II frame) between 1995 and 2007. Six of these fractures were complicated with radial nerve palsy. Four cases were open fractures. All reductions were achieved closely or through minimal open approaches. All fractures achieved consolidation with an average of 95 days (range 58-140). The six radial nerve palsies had complete spontaneous recovery. According to the Constant score excellent shoulder function was recorded in 54.6% of the cases, good results in 25%, fair in 13.6% and poor in 6.8%. The elbow function according to the Mayo elbow performance index was excellent in 81.8% of cases, good in 13.6%, fair in 2.3%, and poor in 2.3%. We observed superficial pin tract infections in 12% of the patients. There was no cases of deep infection.External fixation of humeral diaphyseal fractures as recorded in this case series, represents a management option, which allows straightforward fracture reduction and adequate stability, with a short operative time, excellent consolidation rate and good functional results with no major complications secondary to this type of surgery.     

经皮微创钢板固定治疗肱骨干骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨经皮微创钢板内固定术治疗肱骨干骨折的方法及疗效。 方法2014年5月至2017年5月,应用锁定加压钢板经皮微创固定治疗肱骨干骨折患者26例,男18例、女8例;平均年龄42.6岁（19~72岁）;右侧19例,左侧7例。致伤原因：交通伤11例,平地摔伤8例,高处坠落伤4例,扭伤3例。根据AO分型：A型6例,B型15例,C型5例。其中1例合并桡神经麻痹,1例合并同侧尺桡骨干骨折,1例合并同侧桡骨远端骨折,1例合并对侧肱骨髁间骨折,1例合并同侧股骨粗隆间骨折。受伤距手术时间为3~12 d（平均7.2 d）。其中20例采用前侧入路,6例采用后外侧入路进行经皮微创钢板内固定术。术后患者每2周复查记录功能恢复情况,每4周摄X线片了解骨折愈合情况。 结果经过12~35个月的随访（平均16.4个月）,所有骨折均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间14.8周（10~22周）。末次随访时,患者美国加州大学肩关节评分（the university of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale,UCLA）为24~35分（平均34.1分）,肘关节Mayo功能评分为91~100分（平均93.3分）。1例患者术后出现桡神经麻痹,3个月后症状消失;另1例术前即合并桡神经损伤患者,术中未显露探查桡神经,神经功能亦于术后2个月恢复。 结论采用经皮微创钢板固定的方式治疗复杂肱骨干骨折,手术创伤更小,操作简单安全,骨折愈合率高,临床疗效满意。     

Outcome Assessment of Operative Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures by Antegrade Unreamed Humeral Nailing (UHN)

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of humeral shaft fractures treated with Unreamed Humeral Nailing (UHN) system. Fixation of the humeral shaft fractures in this study was performed by minimal incision UHN system, without using its distal locking properties. Forty one patients were treated this way. Functional status of shoulder and elbow were evaluated using Society of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (SASES) scoring system. During follow up period, no superficial or deep infections were observed. Mean union time was 13 weeks. Shoulder and elbow functions using SASES scale were excellent or good in 93 % of the patients. Complications included delayed union in 3(7.3 %), nonunion in 2(4.8 %) and radial nerve palsy in 1(2.4 %). Antegrade unreamed humeral Nailing is an acceptable, safe and reliable treatment for humeral shaft fractures.     

肱骨干骨折顺行与逆行髓内针固定的病例 对照研究

目的：比较肱骨干骨折顺行与逆行髓内针固定的疗效。方法：入选1999年3月至2006年10月间有完整随访资料的肱骨干骨折105例,分为顺行髓内针组（A组）82例,逆行髓内针组（B组）23例。对两组的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、骨折愈合时间、骨折愈合率、Constant—Murley肩关节功能评分和Mayo肘关节功能评分等指标进行比较。结果：随访时间平均（31．2±20．9）个月。两组的手术时间、骨折愈合时间、愈合率及并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。B组术中出血量大于A组（P=0．002）。A组有4例（4．9％）不愈合,8例（9．8％）发生肩痛伴肩关节活动度减小,B组3例（13．0％）术中发生医源性骨折。A组肩关节功能评分低于B组（P=0．04）,肘关节功能评分两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：顺行与逆行髓内针固定均是治疗肱骨干骨折的有效方法,但逆行髓内针固定医源性骨折发生率较高,应正确选择和制备髓内针入点。顺行髓内针固定有较高的肩痛和肩关节活动度减小的并发症发生率,注意将髓内针尾埋于肩袖下方,细致保护和修复肩袖,术后进行合理的康复练习,有利于减少肩痛和改善肩关节功能。     

Minimally invasive plating osteosynthesis (MIPO) of middle and distal third humeral shaft fractures

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes of middle and distal third humeral shaft fractures treated with the minimally invasive percutaneous osteosynthesis (MIPO). DESIGN: Prospective, single-center, nonconsecutive clinical series study. SETTING:: Skeletal trauma center of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Thirteen patients who were seen from May 2004 to October 2005 with an average age of 38.1 years (range, 25 to 60 years) form the basis of this study. Patients were obtained from a surgical database of 1 surgeon. INTERVENTION: The middle and the distal third humeral shaft fractures were reduced by closed means and fixed with long narrow 4.5-mm dynamic compression plates introduced through 2 small incisions away from the fracture sites and placed on the anterior aspect of the humerus. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Time to fracture healing and functional assessments were assessed at an average follow-up of 12.5 months (range, 7 to 19 months) for the affected shoulders and elbows using the UCLA and Mayo elbow performance scoring systems, respectively. RESULTS: All fractures united with a mean healing time of 16.2 weeks (range, 12 to 32 years). There were no nonunions, radial nerve palsies, or implant failures. The UCLA scoring system showed excellent results in 7 cases (53.8%) and good results in 6 cases (46.2%). Thirteen patients had excellent results of their elbow function when assessed with the Mayo elbow performance scoring system. CONCLUSION: Closed reduction and internal fixation of middle or distal third humeral shaft fractures using MIPO is a safe and effective surgical treatment method and an alternative option to open techniques.     

分叉交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折

目的探讨分叉交锁髓内钉(BILN)治疗肱骨干骨折的临床效果.方法应用BILN治疗28例肱骨干骨折,根据术后肩肘关节活动范围对其功能进行评价.结果所有患者获平均9个月的随访,骨折均愈合.肩肘关节功能评价:优16例,良9例,差3例.术后没有继发性桡神经损伤,无切口感染,无骨不连.结论BILN治疗肱骨干骨折是一种固定可靠、并发症少、骨折愈合率高、功能恢复良好的方法.     

带锁髓内钉与锁定加压钢板内固定治疗肱骨干骨折的随机对比研究

目的前瞻性对比研究带锁髓内钉和带锁加压钢板(LCP)治疗肱骨干骨折的临床效果。方法随机将49例分成两组(髓内钉28例;LCP组21例)。患者全部为新鲜肱骨干骨折,骨折部位距肱骨外科颈至少3cm,距尺骨鹰嘴大于5cm。临床疗效评价包括手术时间、出血量、骨折愈合情况、桡神经恢复、感染和肘关节、肩关节不适症状,影像学评价包括骨折力线、愈合时间、延长愈合和不愈合的发生率。结果平均随访1.5年。LCP组19例(90.5)骨折在16周后愈合,髓内钉组24例(85.7)在16周后愈合(P=0.70)。肩关节疼痛和肩关节活动受限在髓内钉组发生明显(P<0.05),而LCP组未发现这种情况。LCP组肘关节的活动范围明显减少(P<0.05),尤其是肱骨干远端1/3骨折患者。两组总并发症发生率比较无明显差异。结论对于需要手术治疗的肱骨干骨折,髓内钉和LCP都能使骨折稳定以达到最终愈合。     

Antegrade locked nailing for humeral shaft fractures

Treatment results of antegrade locked nailing of acute humeral shaft fractures, including union rate and recovery of shoulder function, have been inconsistent. This led the current authors to hypothesize that implant design and surgical techniques might account for this inconsistency. In the current study, 47 fractures (38 acute; nine pathologic) in 47 patients achieved union with the techniques of closed nailing, short to long segment nailing, and fracture compression. Satisfactory recovery of shoulder function occurred because of minimal surgical trauma, prevention of impingement by the nail or locking screws, and prevention of axillary nerve injury or comminution of the humeral head. Forty-seven patients with 38 acute fractures and nine pathologic fractures were treated with humeral locked nails. Mean followup time was 21.4 months. With a single operation, all 38 acute fractures proceeded to eventual union; the average time to union was 7.8 weeks. Thirty-five patients had excellent or satisfactory recovery of shoulder function. Complications included slipout of the proximal screw, nail breakage, fragment displacement, and transient postoperative radial nerve palsy. All nine patients with pathologic fractures had substantial pain relief and increased arm function after surgery. The current study shows the reliability of antegrade locked nailing for proximal and middle third fractures of the humeral shaft.     

Plating of humeral shaft fractures--has the pendulum swung back?

We reviewed 49 patients following plate osteosynthesis of humeral shaft fractures. There were no complications as a result of surgery. Union occurred in 47 patients (96%) at a mean of 9 weeks. Two patients required secondary procedures to achieve union. All patients had full range of motion in the elbow and shoulder joints following union. In the light of the popularisation of intramedullary nailing techniques in the last decade, with recognised complications of iatrogenic radial nerve injury, inadequate rotational stabilisation, non-union and shoulder impingement, we advocate plating of humeral shaft fractures as the surgical treatment of choice.     

Randomized prospective study of humeral shaft fracture fixation: intramedullary nails versus plates

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and radiographic results for locked intramedullary (IM) nails and plates used in the treatment of humeral diaphyseal fractures. DESIGN: Prospective randomization by sealed-envelope technique of eighty-four patients into two study groups: those treated by intramedullary nailing (IMN group; n = 38) and those treated by compression plating (PLT group; n = 46). SETTING: Patients admitted consecutively to a university-affiliated Level I trauma center. PATIENT/PARTICIPANTS: All skeletally mature patients admitted to Harborview Medical Center with acute humeral shaft fractures requiring surgical stabilization. Fractures of the diaphysis were defined as being at least three centimeters distal to the surgical neck and at least five centimeters proximal to the olecranon fossa. INTERVENTION: Treatment with locking antegrade intramedullary humeral nails (Russell-Taylor design [Smith and Nephew Richards]) or with 4.5-millimeter dynamic compression and limited contact dynamic compression plates (AO design [Synthes]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical outcome measurements included fracture healing, radial nerve recovery, infection, and elbow and shoulder discomfort. Radiographic measurements included fracture alignment, time to healing, delayed union, and nonunion. RESULTS: Follow-up averaged thirteen months. Forty-two fractures (93 percent) in the PLT group were healed by sixteen weeks versus thirty-three fractures (87 percent) in the IMN group (p = 0.70). Shoulder pain and a decrement in shoulder range of motion (ROM) were significant associations with IMN (p = 0.007 for both variables) but not with PLT. A decrement in elbow ROM was significantly associated with PLT (p = 0.03), especially for fractures of the distal third of the diaphysis, whereas elbow pain was not (p = 0.123). The sum of other complications demonstrated nearly equal prevalence for both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: For patients requiring surgical treatment of a humeral shaft fracture, intramedullary nailing and compression plating both provide predictable methods for achieving fracture stabilization and ultimate healing.     

Minimally invasive plating for complex humeral shaft fractures

INTRODUCTION: The treatment for humeral shaft fracture is still controversial, especially for complex fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of treating complex humeral shaft fractures by using locking compression plate with minimally invasive technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 21 patients with 21 acute complex humeral shaft fractures (AO type C) were included in this study. All were treated with locking compression plate in a minimally invasive way. The average age of the patients was 42.9 years and there were 14 males and 7 females. Plain radiographs of humerus were used to assess bony union. Functional recovery of the shoulder joint was assessed using the Constant and HSS scoring systems. RESULTS: The patients were followed for a mean of 28.7 months (range 19-37). With one operation, nineteen fractures (90.4%) achieved a solid union in an average of 14.3 weeks. At final follow-up, 20 patients (95.2%) had satisfactory alignment, except for one associated with olecranon fracture, all patients had a good to excellent elbow function with a mean HSS score of 91.7 points. Eighteen patients (85.7%) achieved satisfactory shoulder function with a mean Constant score of 83.1 points. One superficial infection (4.8%) and two non-unions (9.6%) were found postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that use of a minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis with locking compression plate is a safe alternative way to classic surgical methods in the treatment of complex humeral shaft fractures, which had a high union rate with less risk of complications.     

微创三切口技术治疗累及远端的肱骨中下段骨折

目的 探讨微创三切口双钢板固定技术治疗累及肱骨远端特别是肱骨远端、关节面的肱骨干中下段骨折的疗效.方法 2004年9月至2007年11月共收治6例累及肱骨远端的肱骨干中下段骨折患者,经肘关节内侧切口复位关节内骨折,空心螺钉固定.肱骨远端与骨干复位后,内侧柱用1/3管型钢板固定.肱骨干骨折采用闭合复位,于上臂前侧三角肌和肱二头肌之间另做小切口,制备此小切口与肘关节外侧切口之间的肌下隧道.将塑形的4.5 mm动力加压钢板经上臂小切口肌下插入,至肘关节外侧切口.钢板近端置于肱骨于前缘,远端置于外侧柱前外侧面,各至少3枚螺钉固定.术后采用Mayo肘关节功能评分系统评价结果.结果 6例患者术后获13～36个月(平均22.2个月)随访.骨折均获愈合,愈合时间为12～24周(平均19周).无医源性桡神经麻痹及内固定失败病例发生.肘关节活动度为110°～140°,平均130.8°.根据Mayo肘关节评分标准评定疗效:全部为优.结论 采用微创三切口双钢板技术治疗累及肱骨远端关节面的肱骨中下段骨折操作简单,可获得满意效果.     

锁定加压钢板与顺行磁力导航带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效分析

目的探讨锁定加压钢板（locking compression plate,LCP）与顺行磁力导航带锁髓内钉固定技术治疗肱骨干骨折的临床疗效。 方法选取2013年8月至2017年10月,北京大学人民医院接受内固定手术治疗的肱骨干骨折患者56例,其中男35例,女21例;年龄18~70岁,平均42岁。交通事故致伤11例,摔伤36例,高处坠落伤9例。骨折采用AO分型：A型19例,B型24例,C型13例。根据治疗方法将56例患者分为两组,应用顺行磁力导航带锁髓内钉治疗肱骨干骨折患者25例,为髓内钉组;应用LCP治疗肱骨干骨折患者31例,为LCP组。髓内钉组：取沙滩椅位,于肩峰外侧作纵行直切口4~5 cm,于肱骨大结节内侧1 cm、肱二头肌沟后方0.5 cm处用骨锥开口,插入导针,并与髓腔轴向一致,X线透视下复位,穿入髓内钉,磁力导航引导下锁入螺钉;LCP组：近、中段骨折取前外侧切口,远段取上臂后正中切口,找到并保护桡神经,清理骨折断端,复位骨折,克氏针临时固定。将LCP预弯后放置,视情况打入皮质骨螺钉及锁定螺钉固定骨折。对两组患者进行门诊随访,回顾性对比分析两组疗效。 结果术后56例患者均得到随访,随访时间10~26个月,平均（18.7±3.6）个月。手术时间45~110 min,平均手术时间（74±14）min。2例发生浅表伤口感染,经清创换药后恢复良好。1例发生术中医源性桡神经损伤,经神经电刺激及联合神经营养药物治疗,术后6周完全恢复腕关节及拇指背伸功能。骨折8~24周达到临床愈合,平均（13±4）周,无延迟愈合或不愈合,愈合率达100％。肩关节外展95°~170°,平均151°±11°;前屈100°~175°,平均153°±12°。肘关节伸直0°~10°,平均5°±2°;屈曲122°~145°,平均131°±5°。在本组患者的随访中,肩关节功能依据美国加州大学洛杉矶分校评分标准:优53例,良3例。肘关节功能依据Mayo评分标准:优55例,良1例。对比髓内钉组与LCP组,两组性别比例、年龄、手术时间、住院时间、骨折类型分布未见显著差异。对比两组预后,髓内钉组无一例感染、神经损伤发生,而LCP组发生了2例浅表伤口感染及1例桡神经损伤,但组间比较差异无统计学意义。除髓内钉组术后肩峰撞击比率显著高于LCP组,肩关节前屈外展活动范围显著低于LCP组外,其余预后指标差异均无统计学意义。 结论LCP固定有着较高的伤口感染及桡神经损伤发生率,但与髓内钉系统相比差异无统计学意义。髓内钉固定的患者术后肩峰撞击的发生率较高,显著高于LCP组,同时肩关节活动度也显著下降。     

Coonrad-Morrey半限制型假体全肘关节置换的临床应用

目的 探讨Coonrad-Morrey型半限制型假体全肘关节置换术的疗效.方法 2003年12月至2008年4月采用Coonrad-Morrey半限制型假体治疗肘部疾患30例(31肘),其中新鲜肱骨髁间骨折18例,髁间骨折内固定失效或骨折不愈合9例,类风湿性肘关节炎(RA)2例(3肘),骨性关节炎(OA)1例;其中男性8例,女性22例;年龄47～78岁,平均66岁.结果 20例(21肘)获得随访,均为骨折患者,平均随访35个月(12～52个月),术前因疼痛无法判断Mayo肘关节功能评分(MEPS评分),术后MEPS评分平均为84分;21肘中,6肘优(28%),11肘良(52%),2肘可(10%),2肘差(10%).优良率80%.并发症:1例术后发生"针-针系统"失效,1例术后切口迟延愈合,1例尺神经支配区域感觉减退,2例异位骨化.结论 全肘关节置换治疗肘关节损伤可解除疼痛、恢复稳定性及改善活动范围.对于老年肱骨髁间粉碎性骨折及骨折不愈合,严格选择病例,可获得较满意疗效.