Segond骨折的诊治分析

目的：探讨Segond骨折的临床特点和手术治疗的方法与时机。方法：自2008年6月至2011年12月收治16例Segond骨折,6例于伤后1周内行关节镜探查发现前交叉韧带完全断裂,半月板损伤;10例于伤后8～10周行关节镜探查,发现4例前后交叉韧带完全断裂,4例前交叉韧带完全断裂,2例前交叉韧带部分断裂,其中前交叉韧带完全断裂的8例合并半月板损伤,前交叉韧带不全断裂的1例半月板未见明显损伤,1例合并腓骨头骨折与外侧副韧带损伤。所有交叉韧带完全断裂和不全断裂的患者在关节镜探查后行交叉韧带重建术,5例半月板损伤患者行半月板缝合或成形术。术后采用Lysholm—Gillquist膝关节评分进行疗效评定。结果：伤后1周内行手术治疗的6例术后3d时膝关节肿胀明显,关节腔穿刺抽吸有淡血性液抽出,术后1周时始佩戴护具下床活动。伤后8-10周内行手术治疗的10例术后3d时膝关节无明显肿胀,关节腔穿刺抽吸无淡血性液抽出,术后3d即佩戴护具下床活动。所有患者术后获随访,时间12—50个月,平均24个月。术后Lysholm—Gillquist膝关节评分高于术前。所有病例获得满意效果。结论：Segond骨折常合并前交叉韧带损伤和半月板损伤,早期正确诊断对治疗十分重要,关节镜下行交叉韧带重建及半月板修复的最佳手术时间宜在术后8-10周内进行。     

胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折的特点及临床诊治分析

目的 :探讨膝关节损伤中胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折的特点及临床诊治。方法 :自2011年1月至2015年12月运用关节镜技术微创治疗关节内损伤结合双锚钉内固定胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折29例,男17例,女12例;年龄27~62岁,平均41岁。20例合并前交叉韧带断裂(包含前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折),3例合并后交叉韧带断裂,1例同时合并前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带断裂,3例合并侧副韧带撕裂,2例合并胫骨平台骨折(内侧平台骨折和外侧平台骨折各1例)。术前均行X线、CT及MRI检查明确诊断,在受伤后5~14 d进行手术,平均7 d。采用Lysholm膝关节评分对膝关节术前、术后功能进行评价。结果:手术时间40~125 min,平均85 min;出血量10~30 ml,平均15 ml。术后所有患者获随访,时间12~18个月,平均14个月。Lysholm膝关节评分由术前的52.0±4.2明显提高至术后1年的91.9±1.4(t=-49.24,P0.05)。抽屉试验、Lachman试验及侧方应力试验均阴性,骨折均骨性愈合。结论 :胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折提示合并有膝关节静力稳定结构(关节韧带、关节囊、半月板等)的损伤,甚至关节内骨折。常规要行CT和MRI检查,建议行关节镜探查,防止漏诊,以使患者能得到及时、全面的治疗,为膝关节功能最大限度恢复创造有利条件。     

Segond骨折对膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的提示作用

目的总结急性膝关节损伤时Segond骨折的临床特点,初步探讨Segond骨折在急性膝关节损伤中的提示作用。方法回顾性研究44例Segond骨折患者的影像学和临床资料,分析急性膝关节损伤时Segond骨折的临床特点。结果44例Segond骨折中诊断为前交叉韧带损伤8例,前交叉韧带合并半月板损伤12例,诊断为前交叉韧带合并外侧副韧带损伤4例,前交叉韧带合并髁间棘骨折8例,单纯胫骨平台外侧损伤12例。结论对X线摄影证实合并Segond骨折的急性膝关节创伤患者要高度警惕韧带损伤的存在。     

关节镜下单束同种异体腱重建前交叉韧带断裂

目的评估关节镜下单束同种异体跟腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）断裂的疗效。方法选取2007年3月至2011年3月,ACL完全断裂患者13例（不包括止点撕脱骨折）,在关节镜下用同种异体跟腱重建前交叉韧带断裂,手术前后用Lysholm膝关节功能评分系统进行评分。结果本组病例均在关节镜下完成手术,术后无切151感染、排异病例,均获得10-46个月的随访,13例患者术前Lysholm评分平均43．6分;术后10个月后Lysholm评分平均89.3分,优良率达100％。结论关节镜下单束同种异体腱重建前交叉韧带断裂能够取得满意的疗效．避免了供区并发征．明显缩短手术时间。     

分期修复重建膝关节多发韧带损伤的临床疗效

目的 :探讨关节镜下分期治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤的临床疗效。方法 :2006年3月至2012年6月,关节镜下分期治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤14例(14膝)。男8例,女6例;年龄20~49岁,平均(31.8±8.1)岁。患者均行X线、MR检查,提示10例前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带及内侧副韧带损伤,4例前交叉韧带、后交叉韧带及后外侧角损伤。合并内侧半月板损伤4例,外侧半月板损伤2例。Ⅰ期手术治疗内侧副韧带损伤、后交叉韧带及半月板,术后固定3周后开始主被动功能锻炼,3~6个月后膝关节活动范围正常且存在明显松弛时Ⅱ期重建前交叉韧带和(或)后交叉韧带。结果:术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染等手术相关并发症发生。患者均获随访,时间24~80个月,平均48.9个月。末次随访时膝关节Lysholm评分达87.1±2.8,优于术前19.6±0.9(t=12.3,P0.01)。国际膝关节评分委员会(International Knee Documentation Committee,IKDC)评级:9例接近正常,5例异常。结论 :关节镜下分期治疗膝关节多发韧带损伤能有效恢复膝关节稳定性和功能。     

关节镜辅助分期手术治疗膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折的疗效观察

目的观察关节镜辅助分期手术治疗膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2012-10—2016-11采用关节镜辅助分期手术治疗的9例膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折,一期手术在关节镜下行胫骨平台骨折有限切开复位内固定、半月板撕裂成形、软骨修复、侧副韧带修复,3~5个月后二期手术进行前交叉韧带和(或)后交叉韧带重建。结果 9例均获得随访,随访时间平均37(22~58)个月。术后所有患者胫骨平台骨折均愈合,未出现骨筋膜室综合征、血管神经损伤、感染等并发症。术后仅1例前抽屉试验及Lachman试验呈弱阳性。末次随访时膝关节功能Lysholm评分为(90.6±2.6)分,较术前(51.3±4.0)分明显提高。末次随访时膝关节功能IKDC评分为(91.2±3.0)分,较术前(50.1±3.7)分明显提高。结论关节镜辅助分期手术治疗膝关节多韧带损伤合并胫骨平台骨折疗效肯定,具有关节面解剖复位满意、胫骨平台骨折固定可靠、膝关节稳定性恢复良好、并发症少等优点。     

关节镜下膝前交叉韧带与后交叉韧带联合重建

[目的]探讨膝关节双交叉韧带损伤的临床特点,评估关节镜下前交叉韧带(ACL)与后交叉韧带(PCL)联合重建的技术和效果。[方法]自2001年9月~2005年2月,13例病人(13膝)经关节镜检查证实ACL和PCL均断裂,其中5膝伴后内侧角(PMC)、内侧副韧带损伤(MCL),4膝伴后外侧角损伤(PLC),2膝伴外侧半月板破裂,1膝伴内侧半月板损伤,3膝伴腘动脉损伤,2膝伴腓总神经损伤。7例病人于损伤后急性期入院,2膝于急性期行腘血管探查修复,4膝行膝后内侧角、内侧副韧带修复。13例病人于伤后4~12周在关节镜下行自体移植物单束ACL和PCL联合重建术,其中4例同期后1/2股二头肌腱重建后PLC,1例同期阔筋膜PMC、MCL重建。[结果]本组术后早期均未发生严重并发症。术后随访10~39个月,平均(21.85±9.28)个月,Lysholm膝关节功能评分为75~95分,平均(86.54±6.89)分。国际膝关节文件编制委员会(IKDC)综合评定由术前显著异常(D级)13例,改进为随访时正常(A级)3例、接近正常(B级)8例、异常(C级)2例。13例病人中,11例恢复至伤前运动水平,2例运动水平较伤前减低。[结论]膝关节双交叉韧带损伤多伴有其它重要结构损伤,需妥善处理合并损伤。关节镜下自体移植物联合单束重建ACL和PCL创伤小、手术操作精细,术后膝关节功能恢复满意。     

关节镜下单束同种异体跟腱重建前交叉韧带断裂

目的评估关节镜下单束同种异体跟腱重建前交叉韧带（ACL）断裂的疗效。方法选取2007年3月至2011年3月,ACL完全断裂患者13例（不包括止点撕脱骨折）,在关节镜下用同种异体跟腱重建前交叉韧带断裂,手术前后用Lysholm膝关节功能评分系统进行评分。结果本组病例均在关节镜下完成手术,术后无切口感染、排异病例,均获得10～46个月的随访,13例患者术前Lysholm评分平均43．6分;术后10个月后Lyshohn评分平均89．3分,优良率达100％。结论关节镜下单束同种异体跟腱重建前交叉韧带断裂能够取得满意的疗效,避免了供区并发症,明显缩短手术时间。     

关节镜下一期重建并术后严格制动治疗膝关节脱位的疗效观察

目的探讨关节镜下一期重建并术后6周严格制动治疗多发韧带损伤导致膝关节脱位的疗效。方法2010年8月-2013年5月,采用关节镜下一期重建并术后6周严格制动治疗22例(22膝)多发韧带损伤致膝关节脱位。男15例,女7例;年龄21~54岁,平均31.5岁。左膝8例,右膝14例。致伤原因:交通事故伤12例,高处坠落伤6例,运动损伤4例。伤后2周内手术6例,2~3周10例,3周后6例。前、后抽屉试验及Lachman试验、反Lachman试验均为阳性,胫骨后移10 mm,外翻应力试验阳性13例,内翻应力试验阳性11例。术前膝关节活动度为(58.2±28.4)°,Lysholm评分为(39.7±4.6)分。前、后交叉韧带均断裂,合并内侧副韧带断裂11例,外侧副韧带断裂9例,内、外侧副韧带均断裂2例;合并股骨髁撕脱骨折2例,半月板损伤7例。均未合并神经及血管损伤。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无感染等手术相关并发症发生。患者均获随访,随访时间12~48个月,平均27.8个月。术后12个月,前、后抽屉试验,Lachman试验、反Lachman试验,内、外翻应力试验均呈阴性;膝关节活动度提高至(121.3±7.9)°,Lysholm评分达(87.2±6.1)分,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(t=30.061,P=0.000;t=24.642,P=0.000)。结论关节镜下一期重建并严格制动治疗多发韧带损伤导致的膝关节脱位安全、有效,可获得良好的关节运动功能及关节稳定性。     

关节镜辅助一期手术治疗前交叉韧带断裂合并胫骨平台后外侧骨折

目的 探讨关节镜辅助一期手术治疗前交叉韧带断裂合并胫骨平台后外侧骨折的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2019年4月至2021年4月安徽省芜湖市中医医院采用关节镜辅助下一期前交叉韧带重建联合经改良Carlson后外侧入路切开复位锁定支撑钢板内固定治疗前交叉韧带断裂合并胫骨平台后外侧塌陷骨折的8例患者资料，男3例，女5例；年龄32～58岁，平均(44.5±9.0)岁；致伤原因：交通伤5例，运动伤3例；其中合并内侧副韧带损伤2例，合并内侧半月板损伤2例。术后随访并记录骨折愈合情况，测量胫骨平台后倾角(posterior tibial slope, PTS)变化；通过国际膝关节文献委员会(international knee documentation committee, IKDC)评分、Lysholm评分系统评价膝关节功能，记录膝关节活动度，通过Lachmann试验及轴移试验评价膝关节前后及旋转稳定性。结果 8例患者均获随访，随访时间6～24个月，平均(12.3±2.4)个月。末次随访时膝关节屈曲125°～135°,平均(130±4.63)°。所有患者骨折均获得骨性愈合，愈合时间10～16周，...     

Medial and lateral segond fractures in a skeletally immature patient: a radiographic marker for the multiply injured knee

Marginal fractures of the medial tibial plateau have been reported in the literature as a secondary type of Segond fracture. Some reports described this entity in the setting of combined injuries such as root avulsions of the medial meniscus, complete disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), partial tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), and tears of the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament. It has been postulated that medial marginal fractures are secondary to compression of the medial aspect of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau with a corresponding posterolateral corner injury. However, this mechanism of injury may not always be as straightforward.This article presents a case of an alternate injury pattern in a skeletally immature patient. A 16-year-old boy sustained a varus force and twisting injury to his knee, resulting in radiographic evidence of multiple avulsion fractures of the knee, including a fibular epiphyseal avulsion fracture and medial and lateral Segond fractures. Usually, the avulsion fractures serve as markers for significant ligamentous injuries in adult patients, but our patient had minimal injury to the PCL, ACL, and posterolateral corner. Further physical examination and imaging studies revealed an anterior horn root avulsion, meniscocapsular separation, and anterior cortical rim fracture. A combination of imaging modalities helped us further characterize the injury pattern to devise the optimal surgical plan, especially the fixation of the anterior cortical fracture of the tibia.     

膝关节前交叉韧带急性损伤早期关节镜下检查和手术治疗

目的 探索关节镜下早期微创修复与重建膝关节交叉韧带（ＡＬＣ）的方法。方法 对２３例ＡＣＬ急性完全断裂者施行了早期关节镜术。结果 １８例主前诊断相符;３你关节镜下明确诊断,２例发现断裂：观察到内侧副韧带断裂间接与直接损伤征象各２例。ＡＣＬ断裂病理类型：韧带体部断裂２１例,上、下止点撕脱各１例。２１例早期重建ＡＣＬ中,６例在关节镜下完成。结论 ＡＣＬ急性损伤早期施以关节镜手术,创伤小、诊断明确,可观察     

半月板撕裂和切除对前交叉韧带断裂力学稳定性的影响

目的探讨半月板对前交叉韧带断裂及重建术后胫骨前向稳定性的影响。 方法收集2017年1月至2018年10月期间前交叉韧带重建患者,排除前交叉韧带部分断裂和多发韧带损伤病例。所有不稳定半月板撕裂均行半月板部分切除术,根据半月板损伤部位及程度进行分组。采用KT-1000测量术前、术后3个月和6个月的胫骨前平移量(ATT)。组间对照采用独立样本t检验。 结果共纳入158例前交叉韧带断裂患者,其中半月板正常组61例,内侧半月板后角撕裂组49例(19例为撕脱<总宽度40%;30例为撕脱≥总宽度40%);外侧半月板撕裂组35例(12例为撕脱<总宽度40%;23例为撕脱≥总宽度40%);内侧半月板前角或体部撕裂组13例(6例为撕脱<总宽度40%;7例为撕脱≥总宽度40%)。术前内侧半月板后角撕裂≥总宽度40%患者的胫骨前平移量较半月板正常患者明显增加,差异有统计学意义(t＝12.141,P<0.01)。术后3个月及6个月,各个半月板撕裂组的ATT值与半月板正常患者相比均无差异(P >0.05)。 结论内侧半月板后角撕裂与前交叉韧带断裂可增加膝关节的不稳定性,半月板部分切除术对前交叉韧带重建术后患者的膝关节稳定性无影响。     

Partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee

Ten patients are reported who had sustained a partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in a twisting injury of the knee. Nine of the 10 patients presented with a small effusion and pseudo-locking of the knee which was thought to be due to muscular spasm to prevent further ligamentous injury. The patients were examined clinically, under anaesthesia and by arthroscopy and the signs were found to be remarkably similar to those in patients with a tear of the medial meniscus. The mechanism of injury leading to partial rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is discussed.     

Isolierte und kombinierte Kniebandverletzungen

Complex knee ligament injuries are characterized by simultaneous rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and at least one collateral ligament. Isolated injury to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and PCL have a high healing capacity and can be treated conservatively in many cases. Ruptures of the MCL can also be treated conservatively in complex injuries if the cruciate ligaments are reconstructed. Ruptures of the lateral structures usually need surgical reconstruction. Indications for acute surgical repair include meniscus dislocation, entrapment of collateral ligament portions in the joint, knee dislocation with severe knee instability, and displaced bony avulsions. The anatomy of the knee ligaments must be carefully respected in surgical reconstruction. Acute repair of collateral ligament injuries is possible only in the first 2 weeks after trauma. Acute arthroscopy is indicated only in combination with reconstructive surgery.     

Magnetic resonance imaging AIDS in detecting concomitant injuries in patients with tibial spine fractures

Tibial spine fracture is one of the clinical entities of anterior cruciate ligament injury, and sometimes is accompanied by concomitant injuries. The purpose of this study was to review magnetic resonance imaging findings in 25 patients with tibial spine fractures and to assess the use of these findings in determining the presence of concomitant injuries. Of these 25 patients, 10 were children and 15 were considered adults (average age, 24.2 years old). A radiologist retrospectively assessed tibial spine fractures and concomitant injuries, such as meniscus and ligament injuries. Comparing the pediatric and adult groups, all additional ligament injuries were confirmed in the adult group. In the pediatric group, only one patient with a chronic injury had meniscus injuries. There were no meniscus tears in pediatric patients with acute injuries. In the adult group, three medial meniscus tears were found in two patients with chronic injuries and one patient with acute injury, and four lateral meniscus tears were found in one patient with a chronic injury and three patients with acute injuries. Because tibial spine fractures in adults may be accompanied by concomitant injuries requiring surgical treatment, magnetic resonance imaging is recommended.