炮制对王不留行中刺桐碱及黄酮苷类成分含量及溶出率的影响

目的:研究炮制对王不留行中刺桐碱及黄酮苷类成分含量的影响,探索炮制对王不留行主要化学成分及其溶出率的影响。方法:采用HPLC测定炮制前后王不留行中刺桐碱、王不留行黄酮苷、肥皂草苷、异牡荆素-2″-O-阿拉伯糖苷和王不留行黄酮苷H的含量及水煎溶出率,流动相乙腈(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱(0~12 min,13%A;12~18 min,17%A;18~30 min,20%A),检测波长280 nm。结果:炮制前,这5个成分的质量分数分别为0.13%,0.70%,0.018%,0.051%,0.11%,炮制后则分别为0.12%,0.52%,0.016%,0.098%,0.091%;5个成分的水煎溶出率分别升高了7.7%,10.2%,10.8%,11.4%,17.8%。结论:炮制后异牡荆素-2″-O-阿拉伯糖苷含量有较大幅度上升,而王不留行黄酮苷含量有较大下降,其余成分含量有少量下降。炮制对王不留行中刺桐碱及黄酮苷类成分含量的影响存在一定差异,但炮制后这些成分的水煎溶出率均上升。     

UPLC法测定炮制前后王不留行中Vaccarin含量

目的:考察炮制前后王不留行中Vaccarin的含量变化。方法:采用UPLC法测定王不留行中Vaccarin的含量,色谱柱为BEH C18(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm),以0.3%磷酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相,流速为0.2mL·min-1,检测波长为280nm,梯度洗脱(0~4min,10%→20%B;4~10min,20%→45%B),柱温为35℃。结果:Vaccarin在生品王不留行中含量较高,而炮制后其含量大幅降低。结论:炮制前后王不留行中Vaccarin的含量可发生明显变化,临床用药时需谨慎选择。     

猪胆汁炮制对黄连中生物碱类成分溶出的影响

目的:比较黄连、胆黄连及其水煎液中生物碱类成分的含量,研究猪胆汁炮制对黄连中生物碱类成分溶出效果的影响,探讨胆黄连寒性增强的炮制机制。方法:采用紫外分光光度法(UV)测定黄连、胆黄连及其水煎液中总生物碱含量,检测波长345 nm。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定黄连、胆黄连及其水煎液中盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的含量,流动相乙腈(A)-磷酸三乙胺水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~15 min,25%~30%A;15~20 min,30%~55%A),流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),检测波长345 nm。结果:黄连水煎液、胆黄连水煎液中总生物碱的转移率分别为71.17%和78.50%;黄连水煎液中盐酸药根碱、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱的转移率分别为73.93%,51.59%,56.16%;胆黄连水煎液中三者的转移率分别为80.42%,64.21%,64.79%。结论:黄连经猪胆汁炮制后能够增加黄连中生物碱类成分在水煎液中的溶出,可达到寒性增强的炮制目的。     

炒王不留行配方颗粒高效液相指纹图谱研究

目的:采用高效液相色谱法建立炒王不留行配方颗粒的指纹图谱,为炒王不留行配方颗粒质量标准提供依据。方法:Boston C18色谱柱(5μm,4.6mm×250mm),流速:1.0mL/min,柱温:30℃,检测波长:280nm,流动相为甲醇(A)-0.3%的磷酸水溶液(B),采用梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序为:0～30min(10%～40%A),30～40min(40%A),40～44min(40%～45%A)。结果:建立HPLC指纹图谱共有模式,10批炒王不留行配方颗粒相似度大于0.95。结论:该方法准确、可靠、重复性好,可作为炒王不留行配方颗粒质量控制的较好手段。     

不同炮制方法对蒙古族药狼毒毒效的影响

目的:探讨蒙古族药狼毒炮制减毒药性理论的科学性,了解其炮制前后药效变化,并建立各样品中岩大戟内酯B和狼毒乙素含量测定的RP-HPLC。方法:采用HPLC-Q-TOF/MS技术比较蒙古族药狼毒炮制前后的成分差异;通过正常小鼠的急性毒性作用及泻下作用比较炮制对该药材毒性和药效的影响,利用RP-HPLC测定蒙古族药狼毒及其炮制品中岩大戟内酯B和狼毒乙素的含量,流动相乙腈(A)-0.1%冰乙酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脱(0~5 min,40%A;5~10 min,40%~50%A;10~30 min,50%~55%A;30~40 min,55%~60%A;40~45 min,60%~70%A),检测波长250 nm,柱温30℃。结果:与生品相比,蒙古族药狼毒在炮制后奶制品、诃子汤制品、酒制品中分别有30,20,21个峰的含量降低。狼毒生品及奶、酒、诃子汤制品粉末的半数致死量分别为2.694,3.642,3.461,4.309 g·kg~(-1)。药效试验表明药物粉末给药剂量为0.53,0.133 g·kg~(-1)时,狼毒生品及其各炮制品均能明显提高小鼠小肠墨汁推进率。狼毒中狼毒乙素和岩大戟内酯B的线性范围分别为0.060 12~1.202 4,0.060 72~1.214 4μg,平均加样回收率分别为107.55%(RSD 4.7%)和103.03%(RSD 3.6%)。结论:蒙古族药狼毒不同方法炮制后其化学成分含量会不同程度降低,进而可能会降低部分刺激性成分含量或使其转化为毒性较小成分,从而降低了其毒性。蒙古族药狼毒炮制后的粉末较未经炮制的粉末毒性降低,炮制后对该药材的泻下作用无影响,即炮制可减毒保效。狼毒炮制机制可能与炮制后化学成分含量变化有关。建立的HPLC准确可靠、重复性好,可用于蒙古族药狼毒及其炮制品中岩大戟内B和狼毒乙素的含量测定。     

HPLC法同步测定行智前列敷脐散中王不留行黄酮苷和虎杖苷的含量

目的建立HPLC法同时测定行智前列敷脐散中王不留行黄酮苷和虎杖苷2种成分的含量。方法采用HPLC法,Diamonsil-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);以甲醇(A)-水(含0.3%磷酸,B)为流动相梯度洗脱:0~10 min 5%~35%A;10~25 min 35%A。流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长260 nm,柱温30℃。结果在优选色谱条件下,行智前列敷脐散中王不留行黄酮苷和虎杖苷分离良好,2种成分在选定浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.999 2),精密度、重复性和稳定性良好(RSD≤2.65%),加样回收率分别为99.71%和99.31%,并对10个批号的行智前列敷脐散中的2种指标成分进行了含量测定。研究建立的方法精密度、稳定性和加样回收率均符合含量测定要求。结论建立了行智前列敷脐散HPLC质量控制方法,此法简便快速,稳定可靠。     

不同炮制方法对巴戟天中寡糖类成分和水晶兰苷含量的影响

目的:考察不同炮制工艺对巴戟天中寡糖类成分和水晶兰苷含量的影响。方法:采用不同方法制备巴戟天炮制品,比较不同炮制品中寡糖类成分和水晶兰苷的含量。利用HPLC-CAD测定寡糖类成分含量,Shodex Asahipak NH2色谱柱,流动相乙腈(A)-水(B)梯度洗脱(0~15 min,86%~81%A;15~20 min,81%~75%A;20~35 min,75%~70%A;35~50 min,70%~58%A;50~60 min,58%~40%A;60~65 min,40%~20%A);运用HPLC-DAD测定水晶兰苷含量,Venusil MP C18色谱柱,检测波长235 nm,流动相甲醇-0.4%磷酸溶液梯度洗脱(5∶95~28.8∶71.2,15 min)。结果:巴戟天不同炮制品中寡糖类成分总质量分数顺序为盐巴戟天>巴戟肉>制巴戟天>生巴戟天;水晶兰苷含量排序为盐巴戟天>生巴戟天>制巴戟天>巴戟肉。结论:巴戟天不同炮制品中寡糖类成分和水晶兰苷的含量差异较大,为巴戟天的饮片质量控制及炮制机制解析提供参考。     

六味地黄苷糖片多指标成分的溶出度考察

目的:建立六味地黄苷糖片中多指标成分的溶出度测定方法,为该制剂的质量控制提供参考。方法:采用HPLC测定莫诺苷、马钱苷和芍药苷的含量,流动相水(A)-甲醇(B)-乙腈(C)梯度洗脱(0~10 min,76%A,20%B,4%C;10~30 min,76%~69%A,20%~27%B,4%C),检测波长236 nm。采用小杯法,以水为溶出介质,对六味地黄苷糖片中莫诺苷、马钱苷和芍药苷进行溶出度测定。结果:莫诺苷、马钱苷和芍药苷的线性范围分别为4.87~155.75,4.86~155.35,2.83~180.85 mg·L-1,平均加样回收率分别为99.88%(RSD 1.6%),101.10%(RSD 1.8%)和100.20%(RSD 1.4%)。各成分在90 min内的累积溶出度均75%。结论:六味地黄苷糖片批内和批间样品中莫诺苷、马钱苷和芍药苷的累积溶出率差异较小。该溶出度测定方法简便准确、重复性好,适用于六味地黄苷糖片的质量控制。     

HPLC-ELSD同时测定参芪复方颗粒中皂苷类成分的含量

目的:建立同时测定参芪复方颗粒中人参皂苷Rg1,Re,Rb1和黄芪甲苷含量的方法,为该制剂的质量控制提供参考。方法:采用HPLC-ELSD,流动相水(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱(0~3 min,81%A;3~20 min,81%~78%A;20~28 min,78%~77%A;28~33 min,77%~75%A;33~40 min,75%~65.7%A;40~52 min,65.7%~70%A;52~62 min,70%A),流速0.8 m L·min~(-1),柱温25℃,气体流量2.6 L·min~(-1),漂移管温度102℃。结果:人参皂苷Rg_1,Re,Rb_1和黄芪甲苷分别在0.196~2.976,0.207~3.138,0.191~2.895,0.190~2.879μg与色谱峰面积呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为99.27%(RSD 1.5%),99.33%(RSD 1.1%),99.32%(RSD 1.0%),99.27%(RSD 2.4%)。结论:该含量测定方法同时测定参芪复方颗粒中多种指标成分时,精密度高、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

戒酒灵中葫芦素B的含量测定

目的:建立戒酒灵中葫芦素B含量的测定方法。方法:采用超声提取戒酒灵中的葫芦素B,高效液相色谱法测定含量。色谱柱:COSMOSIL C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈(A)和0.2%醋酸-水溶液(B)梯度洗脱:30%~40%A(0.0~15.0min),40%~45%A(15.0~40.0min);流速:1m L/min;检测波长:234nm;柱温:25℃。结果:葫芦素B的进样量在0.015 74~0.314 8mg/m L范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率(n=6)为97.73%,RSD1.29%。结论:该方法可作为戒酒灵的质量控制,科学可行。     

丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量测定

[目的]对不同产地的丹参药材中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜的含量进行测定,为高品质丹参药材的筛选提供某种依据,并为中药材质量标准的建立提供一定的参考价值.[方法]样品经湿法消解后,用原子吸收分光光度法进行检测.[结果]超标率为:铅6.25%;镉100%;砷0;汞0;铜31.25%.[结论]不同产地的丹参药材中砷、汞含量较低,铅和铜的含量个别超标,镉含量严重超标.     

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic activities of Galium mexicanum

Ethnopharmacological relevance

To study the potential benefit of the traditional Mexican medicinal plant Galium mexicanum Kunth (Rubiaceae). Hexane, chloroform, and methanol extracts as well as various fractions from these extracts were tested to determine antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic or anti-inflammatory activities in vitro.

Materials and methods

Aerial parts of the plant were extracted with various solvents and fractionated accordingly. Their antibacterial and antifungal activities were assessed on nine bacterial and four fungal strains. Leishmania donovani was used as a protozoan strain for antiparasitic activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was investigated by measuring the secretion of interleukin-6 when macrophages were exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Results

Various extracts and fractions obtained from this plant exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Of special interest was the hexane fraction HE 14b, which show antibacterial (ranging between 67 and 666 μg/ml) and antifungal (at concentrations of 333 μg/ml) activities. Also the hexane fraction HE 5 exhibited antiparasitic activity (at concentrations of 260 μg/ml), whereas the methanol fraction ME 13-15 showed a potent anti-inflammatory activity when compared to dexamethasone. Chemical analyses of the chloroform extract show the presence of triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, and glucosides, but no tannins were detected in the assayed extract.

Conclusions

The benefit of Galium mexicanum as a traditional medicinal plant was confirmed using antibacterial and antifungal assays in vitro. We also report for the first time, and to the best of our knowledge, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory activities of this plant.     

Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G: glycans of Eleutherococcus senticosus roots

Intraperitoneal injection of an aqueous extract of the crude drug "shigoka" (Siberian ginseng), Eleutherococcus senticosus roots, remarkably diminished plasma-sugar level in mice. Fractionation of the extract by monitoring the activity yielded seven glycans, eleutherans A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, which exerted marked hypoglycemic effects in normal and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic mice.     

反相高效液相色谱同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的含量

目的 :建立同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的 HPL C方法。方法 :用 VP-ODS150 mm× 4.6mm,5μm色谱柱 ,柱温 50℃ ,以甲醇 -水 -三乙胺 (55∶ 45∶ 0 .2 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 15nm,流速 0 .8ml/ min。结果 :在所确立的色谱条件下 4种生物碱得到很好地分离 ,标准曲线显示在 0 .1～ 0 .7μg范围内具有良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为98.5%～ 10 1.0 %。结论 :该方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于生药及制剂中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的同时测定     

电感耦合等离子质谱法测定热毒宁注射液中有害元素铅砷镉汞铜的含量

目的: 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 测定热毒宁注射液中铅(Pb),砷(As),镉(Cd),汞(Hg),铜(Cu)5 种元素同时的方法。 方法: 样品经微波消解后,以ICP-MS同时测定上述5种元素,其中Cu,As以铬(Ge)作为内标, Cd以铟(In)作为内标,Hg,Pb以铋(Bi)作为内标进行定量以改善基体效应和干扰。 结果: 各元素的检出限在0.009~0.113 μg ·L^-1; 各元素的线性关系良好,Pb,As,Cd,Cu,Hg线性范围分别为0~20,0~20,0~10,0~200,0~5 μg ·L^-1。r均≥ 0.999;精密度RSD<1.9%;重复性良好,回收率在97.8%~110.9%,RSD<4.3%。20批样品中5种元素的含量均符合规定。 结论: 该方法操作简便,分析速度快,灵敏度高,各项分析性能指标均达到要求,适用于热毒宁注射液中Pb,As,Cd,Hg,Cu元素的测定。     

Phytochemistry, Metabolism, and Metabolomics of Ginseng

Ginseng, as a medicinal plant, has been used for thousands of years in China, Korea, and Japan, and the study on ginseng is a hotspot in the research field as evidenced by about 7000 scientific papers in PUBMED. In recent decades, many ginseng studies focused on the metabolism and metabolomics of ginseng or its active ingredients using modern bioanalytical technologies. To date, more than 200 ginsenosides and non-saponin constituents have been isolated and identified. In the past decades, rapid development of analytical technologies has facilitated the advancement of ginseng research in many ways. In this review, we focus on the advances of ginseng research in chemistry, pharmacology, and metabolomics. We also provide the comments on the significance as well as challenges of metabolomics-based ginseng studies.     

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants of Parinche valley,Pune district,Maharashtra, India

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Maharashtra is the third largest state in India with a large tribal population. Documentation of traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for conservation and utilization of indigenous knowledge. Diarrhoeal diseases are the second largest cause of morbidity in rural India. Medicinal plants given by the traditional healers of Parinche in Pune district, Maharashtra are known to be efficacious for many common ailments, including diarrhoeal diseases.

Aim of the study

Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants from Parinche valley towards the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge.

Materials and methods

Interviews and inquiries were conducted amongst traditional healers, indigenous communities and village elders.

Results

One hundred and eighty two plants used by tribes and natives for different ailments were documented of which 28 flowering plants were for diarrhoea. Leaf was the most preferred plant part. Amongst the 28 plants, antidiarrhoeal activity of five plants viz., Caesalpinia sepiaria, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Launaea pinnatifida, Syzygium rubicundum and Ziziphus jujuba has not been reported previously. Two species viz., Ziziphus xylopyra and Syzygium rubicundum are endemic to India.

Conclusion

Parinche valley is an ethnobotanically rich area with abundant availability and knowledge of medicinal plants that can serve as a model for low cost health care.     

血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP-43和NF-H表达的影响

目的:观察血竭含药血清对雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF,CNTF,LNGFR,TrkA,GDNF,GAP43和NF-H表达的影响,探讨其促进周围神经再生的可能机制.方法:SD大鼠随机分为血竭给药组(灌服血竭的香油溶液)和空白对照组(等体积香油),制备血竭含药血清和空白对照血清.选取出生3 dSD大鼠双侧坐骨神经制备雪旺氏细胞;将培养的雪旺氏细胞分为血竭组和空白对照组,分别用10％血竭含药血清和空白对照血清干预培养.48 h后应用RT-PCR法检测各组雪旺氏细胞NGF,BDNF等基因mRNA表达水平.结果:镜下观察到大部分雪旺氏细胞呈双极梭形,细胞呈肩对肩或端对端排列,免疫细胞化学鉴定均呈阳性;与空白组比较,血竭组NGF,LNGFR,GDNF和GAP43 mRNA表达上调(P＜0.01),BDNF mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05),CNTF和TrkA的mRNA均下调(P＜0.01),NF-H mRNA无显著差异.结论:中药血竭可能是通过上调NGF,LNGFR,GDNF,GAP-43的mRNA的表达,同时下调BDNF,CNTF,TrkA mRNA来发挥其促进神经修复作用.     

从热毒湿瘀虚辨治小儿IgA肾病

IgA肾病病理机制复杂,热邪为IgA肾病诱发和加重的始动因素,湿毒内蕴是IgA肾病关键病机,瘀血为IgA肾病病理基础,气阴两虚为IgA肾病的根本病机。设立总治则为祛邪扶正,常用治疗方法有清热解毒、清热利湿、活血化瘀、益气养阴。