罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因及布比卡因在骶管阻滞麻醉的疗效分析与评价

目的比较相同浓度罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因和布比卡因骶管阻滞麻醉的临床效果。方法 90例行肛肠手术患者,随机分成3组,每组30例。R组:罗哌卡因;L组:左旋布比卡因;B组:布比卡因;行骶管阻滞麻醉。结果感觉阻滞起效时间、阻滞持续时间、运动阻滞起效时间3组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),感觉阻滞消退时间R组显著长于L、B组,运动阻滞持续时间、消退时间R组显著短于L、B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组骶管阻滞效果均良好。结论罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因和布比卡因三种药物用于骶管麻醉均可产生良好的感觉、运动阻滞。     

罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因及布比卡因在骶管阻滞麻醉的疗效分析与评价

目的 比较相同浓度罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因和布比卡因骶管阻滞麻醉的临床效果.方法 90例行肛肠手术患者,随机分成3组,每组30例.R组:罗哌卡因;L组:左旋布比卡因;B组:布比卡因;行骶管阻滞麻醉.结果 感觉阻滞起效时间、阻滞持续时间、运动阻滞起效时间3组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),感觉阻滞消退时间R组显著长于L、B组,运动阻滞持续时间、消退时间R组显著短于L、B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).3组骶管阻滞效果均良好.结论 罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因和布比卡因三种药物用于骶管麻醉均可产生良好的感觉、运动阻滞.     

等剂量罗哌卡因、左布比卡因腰麻应用于剖宫产术中的比较

目的比较0.75%罗哌卡因和0.75%左布比卡因对剖宫产手术腰麻的临床效果。方法 160例ASA1～2级择期剖宫产手术患者随机分为0.75%罗哌卡因(R)组和0.75%左布比卡因(L)组。采用25G腰麻穿刺针,于L3～4间隙穿刺。监测两组感觉运动阻滞情况、麻醉效果及不良反应情况。结果 R组最大阻滞时间、最大运动阻滞时间均高于L组;而运动恢复时间,R组低于L组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论等剂量罗哌卡因和左旋布比卡因腰麻麻醉效果和不良反应差异无统计学意义,左旋布比卡因运动神经阻滞比罗哌卡因更完全,罗哌卡因则具有运动神经阻滞起效慢而恢复较快的特点。     

甲磺酸罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因在下腹部手术中硬膜外麻醉的效果对比分析

目的对比甲磺酸罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因与布比卡因在下腹部手术中硬膜外麻醉的效果。方法 99例下腹部手术患者随机分成A、B、C三个组,每组33例。全部行硬膜外阻滞麻醉,麻醉药物:A组为甲磺酸罗哌卡因,B组为左旋布比卡因,C组为布比卡因。比较三组的临床效果。结果 A组不能举腿时间和最大运动阻滞时间在三组患者中时间是最长的、运动恢复时间是最短的,运动阻滞程度是最弱的,与B和C组相比差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组患者的肌松效果及麻醉质量评分相比均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论甲磺酸罗哌卡因的阻滞起效、时效和运动阻滞程度不如左旋布比卡因及布比卡因,对只需要阻滞感觉,而不希望过度阻滞神经的情况下,甲磺酸罗哌卡因是首选。     

3种不同局麻药腰麻最大运动阻滞效应的比较

目的探讨罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因和布比卡因3种药物进行局部麻醉效果至Bromage 3级的半数有效剂量,同时分析3种不同局麻药物运动阻滞与不良反应的差异。方法选择2008年5月至2010年12月在深圳市龙岗区布吉镇雪象医院进行妇科手术治疗的患者126例进行研究,所有研究人群均无麻醉禁忌证,所用研究人群均签署知情同意书,同意参加本次研究。按照局部麻醉方案分为三组,分别为45例为罗哌卡因组,38例为左旋布比卡因组,43例为布比卡因组。按照起始剂量为5mg,梯度为1mL的方法进行序贯麻醉试验。采用SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计描述与分析。结果对罗哌卡因、左旋布比卡因及布比卡因3种局部麻醉药物最大运动阻滞比较发现,三组之间比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05),罗哌卡因组、左旋布比卡因组均明显高于布比卡因组(P<0.05),对三组药物麻醉效果至Bromage3级时间罗哌卡因组比左旋布比卡因组存在统计学差异(P<0.05),罗哌卡因组、左旋布比卡因组时间均明显高于布比卡因组(P<0.05)。三组研究人群辅助药物使用情况比较发现,罗哌卡因组明显高于其他两组人群(P<0.05),不良反应发生情况研究表明,血压下降情况与并发症发生情况比较不存在统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论布比卡因阻滞效果明显优于罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因,3种方法产生的不良反应无差异。应加强布比卡因的临床推广。     

罗哌卡因与左旋布比应用于分娩镇痛的比较

目的比较罗哌卡因与左旋布比硬膜外自控镇痛用于分娩镇痛的效果。方法将186例头位、单胎、足月妊娠的初产妇随机分为罗哌卡因组和左旋布比组,每组各93例。罗哌卡因组给予0.15%罗哌卡因+芬太尼2mg/L,左旋布比组给予0.125%左旋布比+芬太尼2mg/L。对两组视觉模拟评分法和下肢运动神经阻滞评分进行比较。结果两组镇痛效果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而罗哌卡因组运动神经阻滞程度显著轻于左旋布比组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论罗哌卡因、左旋布比均有良好的分娩镇痛效果,但罗哌卡因的运动神经阻滞程度较轻。     

对比罗哌卡因、布比卡因及左旋布比卡因复合芬太尼用于分娩镇痛的有效性观察

目的：对比罗哌卡因、布比卡因及左旋布比卡因复合芬太尼用于镇痛分娩的临床效果。方法300例自愿接受镇痛分娩的产妇,随机分为三组,组1(115例)予以罗哌卡因复合芬太尼作为镇痛药,组2(95例)予以布比卡因复合芬太尼作为镇痛药,组3(90例)予以左旋布比卡因复合芬太尼作为镇痛药,观察三组镇痛效果。结果三组产妇视觉模拟评分(VAS)、镇痛起效时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);下肢运动阻滞情况评分(MBS)中由低到高,依次为组3、组1、组2,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不良反应发生率组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论罗哌卡因、布比卡因及左旋布比卡因复合芬太尼都具有良好的镇痛效果,且未见严重不良反应,具有积极临床应用价值。     

左旋布比卡因与罗哌卡因用于妇科手术硬膜外麻醉的比较

目的 观察并且比较左旋布比卡因与罗哌卡因在妇科手术硬膜外麻醉中效果及安全性.方法 择期妇科手术需采取硬膜外麻醉的134例患者随机分为左旋布比卡因组及罗哌卡因组各67例,左旋布比卡因组给予左旋布比卡因麻醉,罗哌卡因组给予罗哌卡因麻醉,观察麻醉起效时间(T0)、完全起效时间(T1)、麻醉持续时间(T2)、双下肢运动完全恢复时间(T3)、双下肢Borage评分及麻醉药物使用总量,用药期间出现的麻醉并发症及药物不良反应.结果 左旋布比卡因组T0时间(4.32 ± 0.98) min、T1时间(12.87±4.46) min短于罗哌卡因组,T2 、T3时间分别为(102.22±17.74) min、(87.32±20.49) min、Borage评分(2.99±0.78)分长于(大于)罗哌卡因组,两组比较均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);麻醉药物使用总量两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);左旋布比卡因组药物不良反应发生率4.48％(3/67)与罗哌卡因组的2.99％ (2/67)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 左旋布比卡因用于妇科硬膜外麻醉效果优于罗哌卡因,安全,麻醉效果更强.     

左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因在腋路臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果观察

目的用相同浓度左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因行腋路臂丛神经阻滞,以观察左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因对臂丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法60例因上肢疾病需行手术治疗的住院患者,随机分为两组,每组30例:R组0.375%罗哌卡因,L组0.375%左旋布比卡因,按0.4mL.kg-1体重注射局麻药,采用相同麻醉方法后比较两组患者麻醉效果。结果感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞持续时间、运动阻滞起效时间两组无显著性差异;感觉阻滞消退时间R组显著长于L组;运动阻滞持续时间、消退时间R组显著短于L组;II级以上运动阻滞R组60%,L组80%。结论左旋布比卡因和罗哌卡因都是安全的长效局麻药,两者具有各自的优点,针对不同的手术需要,可选择不同的麻醉药。左旋布比卡因给临床麻醉增加了更多的用药选择。     

腹部术后甲磺酸罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因复合吗啡硬膜外镇痛的临床观察

目的:观察腹部术后甲磺酸罗哌卡因(每支119.2mg/10mL)与左旋布比卡因(每支37.5mg/5mL)复合吗啡(每支10mg/mL)用于硬膜外镇痛的临床效果。方法:选择腹部择期手术60例,年龄16~65岁,随机分为三组,每组20例,三组患者均行硬膜外穿刺留管。术后镇痛分为A组:硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)左旋布比卡因+吗啡;B组:PCEA甲磺酸罗哌卡因+吗啡;C组:PCEA甲磺酸罗哌卡因+左旋布比卡因+吗啡。观察疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),患者自控镇痛(PCA)按压次数,恶心、呕吐评分,生命体征,不良反应等指标。结果:三组比较,C组患者生命体征较平稳,不良反应少,A,B组4,8,12,24hVAS低于C组(P<0.05)。左旋布比卡因镇痛起效快,维持时间长,甲磺酸罗哌卡因镇痛起效较慢,镇痛强度大,维持时间长。结论:甲磺酸罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因在腹部术后镇痛效果比较差异无显著性,两者与吗啡复合应用能提高PCEA镇痛效果,且比较安全。     

罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因在产科麻醉中的效果比较

目的 比较硬膜外阻滞下罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因在产科的麻醉效果. 方法 将80例行硬膜外阻滞剖宫单胎孕妇随机分为0.75%罗哌卡因组和0.75%左旋布比卡因组,每组40例.观察感觉和运动阻滞起效时间,进行新生儿Apgar评分,并测定新生儿的脐静脉血气. 结果 两组孕妇感觉阻滞起效时间、达最高平面时间、运动阻滞起效时间和持续时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;新生儿Apgar评分和血气测定比较差异也均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;罗哌卡因不良反应发生率低于左旋布比卡因组. 结论 0.75%罗哌卡因与0.5%左旋布比卡因硬膜外麻醉用于剖宫产都能获得满意的麻醉效果.     

Direct cardiac effects of intracoronary bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in the sheep

1. The racemic local anaesthetic agent bupivacaine is widely used clinically for its long duration of action. Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are bupivacaine enantiopure congeners, developed to improve upon the clinical safety of bupivacaine, especially the risk of fatal arrhythmogenesis. 2. In previous preclinical studies of the safety of these drugs with intravenous administration in conscious ewes over a wide dose range, we found that central nervous system (CNS) excito-toxicity reversed the cardiac depressant effects when doses approached the convulsant threshold and thus precluded accurate comparison of their cardiovascular system (CVS) effects. 3. To study CVS effects over a wide range of doses with minimal CNS and other influences, brief (3 min) infusions of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine or ropivacaine were administered into the left main coronary arteries of previously instrumented conscious ewes (approximately 50 Kg body weight). After dose-ranging studies, the drugs were compared in a randomized, blinded, parallel group design. Equimolar doses were increased from 8 micromol (approximately 2.5 mg) in 8 micromol increments, to either a fatal outcome or a 40 micromol (approximately 12.5 mg) maximum. 4. All three drugs produced tachycardia, decreased myocardial contractility and stroke volume and widening of electrocardiographic QRS complexes. Thirteen of 19 animals died of ventricular fibrillation: four of six with bupivacaine (mean+/-s.e.mean actual fatal dose: 21.8+/-6.4 micromol), five of seven with levobupivacaine (22.9+/-3.5 micromol), four of six with ropivacaine (22.9+/-5.9 micromol). No significant differences in survival or in fatal doses between these drugs were found. 5. The findings suggest that ropivacaine, levobupivacaine and bupivacaine have similar intrinsic ability to cause direct fatal cardiac toxicity when administered by left intracoronary arterial infusion in conscious sheep and do not explain the differences between the drugs found with intravenous dosage.     

Effects of levobupivacaine,ropivacaine and bupivacaine on HERG channels: stereoselective bupivacaine block

1 Levobupivacaine and ropivacaine are the pure S(-) enantiomers of N-butyl- and N-propyl-2',6'-pipecoloxylidide, developed as less cardiotoxic alternatives to bupivacaine. In the present study, we have analysed the effects of levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine on HERG channels stably expressed in CHO cells. 2 The three drugs blocked HERG channels in a concentration-, time- and state-dependent manner. Block measured at the end of 5 s pulses to -10 mV induced by 20 microM bupivacaine (52.7+/-2.0%, n=15) and ropivacaine (55.5+/-2.7%, n=13) was similar (P>0.05) and both lower than that induced by levobupivacaine (67.5+/-4.2%, n=11) (P<0.05). 3 Dextrobupivacaine (20 microM) was less potent (47.2+/-5.2%, n=10) than levobupivacaine (P<0.05), indicating stereoselective HERG channel block. 4. Block induced by the three local anaesthetics exhibited a steep voltage dependence in the range of channel activation. In all cases, block measured at the maximum peak current at a test potential of 0 mV after promoting recovery from inactivation (I-->O) was lower than that observed at the end of 5-s pulses (I+O). 5. Levobupivacaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine accelerated HERG inactivation kinetics, slowed the recovery from inactivation and shifted the inactivation curve towards more negative membrane potentials. The three local anaesthetics induced a rapid time-dependent decline after using a protocol that quickly activates HERG channels. 6. All these results suggest that: (1) these drugs bind to the open and the inactivated states of HERG channels, (2) they stabilize HERG channels in the inactivated state, and (3) block induced by bupivacaine enantiomers is stereoselective.     

左布比卡因在腰-硬联合麻醉中的应用

目的:研究左布比卡因重比重液用于腰-硬联合麻醉的有效性和安全性。方法:80例拟行下肢手术病人,随机分为左布比卡因组和布比卡因组,每组40例,均行腰一硬联合麻醉。2组腰麻用药分别为0．5％左布比卡因重比重液或0．5％布比卡因重比重液,均为3 mL。记录2组感觉阻滞、运动阻滞情况和麻醉各时点血压心率变化及不良反应。结果:2组均获得满意的麻醉效果。左布比卡因组和布比卡因组的运动阻滞起效时间为(162±s 26)s和(143±27)s,P<0．0l;最大运动阻滞时间分别为(21±4)min和(18±4)min,P<0．01。运动阻滞恢复时间左布比卡因组(195±72)min,布比卡因组(218±78)min, P>0．05,感觉阻滞起效时间、程度、阻滞平面2组相似,均无严重不良反应。结论:腰-硬联合麻醉时,左布比卡因重比重液作为腰麻用药,效果好、安全。     

罗哌卡因和布比卡因对心脏毒性作用的比较

目的 :探讨 1%罗哌卡因和 0 .75 %布比卡因用于硬膜外麻醉时对心脏的毒性作用。方法 :选择择期硬膜外麻醉患者 4 0例 ,ASAⅠ级～Ⅱ级。随机分为罗哌卡因组 (R组 ,2 0例 )和布比卡因组 (B组 ,2 0例 ) ,分别于麻醉前 (T0 )和麻醉平面绝对后 (T1)抽取静脉血 3mL ,测定血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)的浓度 ,CK MB与CK的活性 ,记录相应时点的MAP ,HR和SpO2 值。结果 :两组患者于麻醉平面绝对后相应指标均较麻醉前有所增高 (P <0 .0 1)。两组间相比麻醉平面绝对后相应指标R组低于B组 ,但无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :罗哌卡因用于硬膜外麻醉时对心脏的毒性作用小于布比卡因 ,对血流动力学的影响小 ,用于心脏病非心脏手术的患者较布比卡因安全可靠。     

罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因用于腹部手术腰硬联合麻醉效果比较

目的:比较罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因在腹部手术腰硬联合麻醉中的效果安全性。方法:腰硬联合麻醉的腹部手术患者86例随机分为A、B两组各43例。A组采用罗哌卡因麻醉、B组采用左旋布比卡因麻醉,比较两组患者麻醉效果、各时间点患者血流动力学变化,及药品不良反应发生情况。结果:两组患者感觉阻滞时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而A组术后运动神经恢复时间显著短于B组(P<0.05),Bromege评分也显著低于B组(P<0.05)。两组患者麻醉阻滞起效后SBP、DBP、HR等指标均较麻醉前显著降低(P<0.05),而麻醉结束后两组收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率(HR)与麻醉前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中各时间点两组SBP、DBP、HR等指标比较,差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组药品不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因对患者感觉神经的阻滞作用相当,对患者血流动力学的影响及药品不良反应发生率也基本相同。而罗哌卡因对于运动神经的阻滞作用较弱,更有利于患者术后早期运动。     

左布比卡因硬膜外麻醉对腹部手术病人心肌酶的影响

目的:观察局部麻醉药(局麻药)左布比卡 因硬膜外麻醉对手术病人心肌酶谱的影响,并与布 比卡因作对比,评估其临床应用的安全性。方法:择 期行胆囊切除手术的病人60例,均行硬膜外麻醉, 随机双盲分成2组,左布比卡因组30例、布比卡因 组30例,2组分别用0.56%左布比卡因,或用0.56 %布比卡因,总量均为13mL;注射局麻药前及术后 24h取静脉血测定肝、肾功能及心肌酶谱。结果:2 组术后ALT,AST,BUN,Cr,LDH,α 羟丁酸脱氢酶 (BDH),肌酸激酶(CK)均有增高;与术前比较有显 著差异(P<0.05或P<0.01),组间比较除CK, BDH外均无显著差异(P>0.05),左布比卡因组和布比卡因组CK的增加值分别为(440±s120)U·L-1和(530±135)U·L-1,2组比较差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。2组麻醉疗效比较,差异无显著意义。结论:左布比卡因和布比卡因行硬膜外麻醉效果均较好,但以心肌酶的部分指标作比较左布比卡因更安全。     

罗哌卡因与左布比卡因用于硬膜外分娩镇痛的效果比较

目的比较罗哌卡因与左布比卡因用于分娩镇痛的效果。方法选择足月阴道分娩产妇70例,随机分为罗哌卡因组35例和左布比卡因组35例,每位产妇给予不同浓度罗哌卡因或左布比卡因20mL,每组的第一位产妇给予罗哌卡因或左布比卡因浓度为0．10％,之后的产妇所给予的罗哌卡因或左布比卡因的浓度在上一位产妇的基础上升高0．01％或者降低0．01％,采用双盲法进行视觉模拟镇痛评分（VAS）和下肢运动神经阻滞评分（Bromage改良法）,测定在第一产程中罗哌卡因与左布比卡因的最低有效浓度,比较产妇硬膜外分娩的镇痛效果。结果罗哌卡因的最低有效剂量为0．094％,左布比卡因最低有效剂量为0．093％,罗哌卡因和左布比卡因的效能比为0．99。结论在第一产程中,罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因的硬膜外镇痛效果相近。     

Levobupivacaine: a review of its pharmacology and use as a local anaesthetic

Based on findings that the cardiotoxicity infrequently observed with racemic bupivacaine shows enantioselectivity, i.e. it is more pronounced with the R(+)-enantiomer, the S(-)-enantiomer (levobupivacaine) has been developed for clinical use as a long acting local anaesthetic. The majority of in vitro, in vivo and human pharmacodynamic studies of nerve block indicate that levobupivacaine has similar potency to bupivacaine. However, levobupivacaine had a lower risk of cardiovascular and CNS toxicity than bupivacaine in animal studies. In human volunteers, levobupivacaine had less of a negative inotropic effect and, at intravenous doses >75 mg, produced less prolongation of the QTc interval than bupivacaine. Fewer changes indicative of CNS depression on EEG were evident with levobupivacaine. Levobupivacaine is long acting with a dose-dependent duration of anaesthesia. The onset of action is < or = 15 minutes with various anaesthetic techniques. In studies of surgical anaesthesia in adults, levobupivacaine provided sensory block for up to 9 hours after epidural administration of < or = 202.5 mg, 6.5 hours after intrathecal 15 mg, and 17 hours after brachial plexus block with 2 mg/kg. Randomised, double-blind clinical studies established that the anaesthetic and/or analgesic effects of levobupivacaine were largely similar to those of bupivacaine at the same dose. Sensory block tended to be longer with levobupivacaine than bupivacaine, amounting to a difference of 23 to 45 minutes with epidural administration and approximately 2 hours with peripheral nerve block. With epidural administration, levobupivacaine produced less prolonged motor block than sensory block. This differential was not seen with peripheral nerve block. Conditions satisfactory for surgery and good pain management were achieved by use of local infiltration or peribulbar administration of levobupivacaine. Levobupivacaine was generally as effective as bupivacaine for pain management during labour, and was effective for the management of postoperative pain, especially when combined with clonidine, morphine or fentanyl. The tolerability profiles of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine were very similar in clinical trials. No clinically significant ECG abnormalities or serious CNS events occurred with the doses used. The most common adverse event associated with levobupivacaine treatment was hypotension (31%). Conclusions: Levobupivacaine is a long acting local anaesthetic with a clinical profile closely resembling that of bupivacaine. However, current preclinical safety and toxicity data show an advantage for levobupivacaine over bupivacaine. Clinical data comparing levobupivacaine with ropivacaine are needed before the role of the drug can be fully established. Excluding pharmacoeconomic considerations, levobupivacaine is an appropriate choice for use in place of bupivacaine.     

罗哌卡因混合曲马多、氟哌利多用于老年人腹部术后硬膜外镇痛的效应

目的研究硬膜外用罗哌卡因复合曲马多、氟哌利多对老年人腹部术后镇痛的效果和不良反应.方法选择65～86岁腹部手术患者186例分三组,每组62例,术后分别采用0.125%罗哌卡因(R组)、0.125%左旋布比卡因(L组)及0.125%布比卡因(B组)复合0.5%曲马多 0.005%氟哌利多行硬膜外镇痛.以VAS及D1/D2衡量镇痛效果,观察肛门排气时间及恶心、呕吐、头痛、下肢麻木等不良反应.结果三组老年人VAS、D1/D2对PCEA满意率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05),肛门排气时间R组早于L组及B组,下肢麻木的发生率R组无而L组及B组都有(P＜0.05).结论0.125%罗哌卡因 0.5%曲马多 0.005%氟哌利多对老年人腹部术后硬腹外镇痛效果确切且安全.