Study on the application of three-dimensional visualization technique in evaluation of residual liver volume and guidance for hepatectomy

目的 研究三维可视化技术在肝脏肿瘤术前评估及指导精准肝切除中的临床应用.方法 采集10例入住我院的肝脏肿瘤患者术前64排螺旋CT亚毫米原始扫描数据,再运用腹部医学图像三维可视化系统(MI-3DVS)进行图像分割及三维重建,观察重建模型进而仿真手术,计算残肝体积百分比,结合患者临床资料评估手术风险,将仿真手术与真实手术全过程,术前风险评估及真实预后情况进行对比分析.结果 MI-3 DVS对腹部脏器及其脉管系统三维重建的模型结构清晰、直观、形象逼真.10例患者功能肝体积介于(1335.28±293.72)ml;肿瘤体积介于(399.06±276.26)ml;残肝体积介于(770.12±226.77)ml;结合患者临床资料,10例患者术前测得的残肝体积百分比均能满足术后肝功代偿要求,仿真手术与真实手术全过程一致,术前利用MI-3DVS手术风险评估与真实手术风险一致.结论 三维可视化技术对指导肝脏肿瘤手术方案的制定,提高肝脏肿瘤切除率,评估手术风险,降低手术并发症的发生率意义重大.     

三维可视化技术在评估残肝体积及指导肝切除中的应用研究

目的研究三维可视化技术在肝脏肿瘤术前评估及指导精准肝切除中的临床应用。方法采集10例入住我院的肝脏肿瘤患者术前64排螺旋CT亚毫米原始扫描数据,再运用腹部医学图像三维可视化系统(MI-3DVS)进行图像分割及三维重建,观察重建模型进而仿真手术,计算残肝体积百分比,结合患者临床资料评估手术风险,将仿真手术与真实手术全过程,术前风险评估及真实预后情况进行对比分析。结果 MI-3DVS对腹部脏器及其脉管系统三维重建的模型结构清晰、直观、形象逼真。10例患者功能肝体积介于(1335.28±293.72)ml;肿瘤体积介于(399.06±276.26)ml;残肝体积介于(770.12±226.77)ml;结合患者临床资料,10例患者术前测得的残肝体积百分比均能满足术后肝功代偿要求,仿真手术与真实手术全过程一致,术前利用MI-3DVS手术风险评估与真实手术风险一致。结论三维可视化技术对指导肝脏肿瘤手术方案的制定,提高肝脏肿瘤切除率,评估手术风险,降低手术并发症的发生率意义重大。     

三维可视技术指导腹腔镜胰十二指肠切除治疗胰头癌19例体会

目的评价三维可视化技术指导腹腔镜十二指肠切除治疗胰头癌的可行性与临床价值。 方法回顾性选取2017年1月至2018年8月收治并确诊的19例胰头癌患者的临床资料。其中男11例,女8例;年龄23～79岁,平均(54.3±14.2)岁。其中胰腺导管腺癌15例,胰腺黏液腺癌2例,乳头状癌2例。对患者进行定位二维CT成像,采用三维可视化技术重建二维CT图像,进行术前评估、三维可视化可切除性评估临床分型及其可切除性,并将其与手术中发现进行比较。 结果本组19例患者均经手术探查证实为胰头癌。经三维可视化重建后,19例患者中,可切除性评估为Ⅰ型者4例、Ⅱ型7例、Ⅲ型l例、Ⅳ型3例、Ⅴ型4例,8例评估后行胰腺肿瘤切除;血管解剖变异2例,清晰显示可疑的淋巴结11例,三维重建肿瘤的解剖关系与术中所见相符。 结论三维可视化技术有助于指导胰腺肿瘤患者进行术前可切除性评估,明确肿瘤大小、解剖学变异、肿大淋巴结等,具有一定的优势,值得在临床中推广使用。     

����ҽѧ�����Ը�ǻѪ����ά�ؽ��������������г���������ֵ

胰腺肿瘤术前准确的可切除性评估可避免不必要的手术创伤及合理利用有限的医疗资源。目前的评估方法主要依靠CTA。但是,由于CTA影像学评估存在一些缺陷,常常导致错误地判断。采用腹部医学图像三维可视化系统对腹腔血管及胰腺肿瘤进行三维重建,3D模型可清晰的显示肿瘤和周围血管的空间立体关系,并在此基础上提出可切除性评估的标准。数字医学技术的应用,对提高胰腺肿瘤诊断的正确性和手术切除的成功率,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

医学图像三维可视化系统在肝胆管结石病诊断与治疗中的应用

目的 研究医学图像三维可视化系统(MI-3DVS)在肝胆管结石病诊断与治疗中的应用价值.方法 收集2008年8月至2010年8月南方医科大学珠江医院收治的54例肝胆管结石病患者的肝脏64排螺旋CT扫描原始数据,采用MI-3DVS进行肝脏及胆道三维重建.根据三维重建结果进行术前诊断和病理分型,以及多种手术方案的术前仿真演练,确定最佳手术方案.观察术中所见与仿真手术的符合程度以及患者结石残留情况.结果 54例患者中,病理分型Ⅰ型11例,Ⅱ型5例(其中Ⅱa型2例、Ⅱb型3例),E型38例;肝内胆管狭窄23例;伴萎缩-肥大综合征27例.肝内外胆管的立体解剖形态,病变胆管扩张及狭窄部位和程度,肝内胆管结石的部位、大小及数量可精确显示.仿真手术方案与实际手术的符合率为94%(51/54),51例择期手术患者术后无结石残留,全组术后结石残留率为6%(3/54).结论 MI-3DVS可实现肝胆管结石病的术前精确诊断和术中精细操作,可有效降低术后结石残留率.     

胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的诊治分析

目的 回顾18例胰腺实性假乳头状瘤(SPPT)的临床病理特点及治疗,以求建立最佳诊断方法及手术治疗方案.方法 回顾近12年18例SPPT患者的术前、手术、术后资料,包括年龄、性别、症状体征、实验室检查、手术、病理及复发和预后情况.结果 18例患者中女性16例,男性2例,平均年龄30.9岁.所有患者均没有特异的实验室检查阳性结果,肿瘤标记物均基本正常.17例患者均获得手术切除肿瘤.平均术后住院日10.7 d,(随访时间3～113个月).切除患者均无复发.术前影像学中肿瘤的大小、包膜、囊实性比例同胰腺实性假乳头状瘤的良恶性无明显关系.结论 该研究证实SPPT是多发于青年女性的少见肿瘤.手术切除是治愈该疾病的治疗方式.     

数字医学技术在经皮肝胆道镜碎石治疗肝胆管结石病中的应用

目的 探讨医学图像三维可视化系统(MI-3DVS)在经皮肝胆道镜碎石(PTCSL)治疗肝胆管结石病中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2012年9月两家临床研究中心收治的66例肝胆管结石病患者(南方医科大学附属顺德第一人民医院55例、南方医科大学珠江医院11例)的临床资料.运用MI-3DVS对CT图像进行三维重建,明确结石分布范围、数量、大小、形状等特点,以及与周围肝组织、血管、胆管的关系;术前确定疾病分型,制订PTCSL手术预案,指导施行PTCSL手术,根据术中及术后恢复情况综合评价三维重建可视化技术的应用价值.患者术后采用电话、门诊复查等方式进行随访.结果 采用MI-3DVS成功完成66例患者肝脏、胆道系统、结石、血管三维重建;清晰显示结石的大小、数量、形态、空间位置,胆管狭窄的位置、程度、长度以及周围血管的空间解剖关系.PTCSL手术预案与实际手术的符合率为95.5％(63/66).63例患者手术时间为(117±9)min,术中出血量为(18±1)ml,术后结石清除率为92.4％(61/66),术后并发症发生率为6.1％(4/66),术后住院时间为(15 ±4)d.本组患者随访时间截至2012年9月,中位随访时间为16个月(1～69个月),随访率为100.0％(66/66),术后结石复发率为9.1％(6/66),术后因肿瘤转移并发MODS死亡1例.结论 应用MI-3DVS对肝胆管结石病患者进行诊断和指导PTCSL手术,可有效提高PTCSL手术的安全性和有效性.     

联合应用MSCT术前可切除性评估与解剖性探查对胰头癌切除率的影响

探讨联合多层螺旋CT(MSCT)术前对胰头癌可切除性评估及术中解剖性探查对提高胰头癌手术切除率的应用价值。笔者分析2004年7月—2005年10月收治的胰头癌手术患者21例（A组）。术前均行MSCT检查,根据CT影像显示的肿瘤和肠系膜上动、静脉及门静脉的关系,对胰头癌进行影像学分期,并以此分期为标准行可切除性评估。术中重点探查胰腺钩突部和肠系膜上血管、门静脉的解剖关系。以1997年1月—2004年6月胰头癌手术患者47例作为回顾性临床对照（B组）。比较两组手术结果。结果示A组12例术前判定可以切除,实际10例得以根治性切除,阳性预测值83.3%;9例术前判定不可切除,手术结果与术前判定一致,阴性预测值100%。A组手术切除率、并发症发生率、手术病死率分别为47.6%,19%和0%。B组手术切除率、并发症发生率、手术病死率分别为23.4%,25.5%和2.1%。两组手术切除率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。提示根据MSCT对胰头癌的影像学分期,可以较为准确地评估肿瘤可切除性;联合应用MSCT术前可切除性评估及术中解剖性探查技术对提高胰头癌的手术切除率有临床价值。     

多模影像技术在解剖性肝切除手术导航中应用价值研究

目的 研究三维可视化（3DV）、吲哚菁绿荧光融合影像（FIGFI）、虚拟现实（VR）技术等多模影像技术在解剖性肝切除手术导航的应用价值。方法 选择2016年1月至2018年6月间南方医科大学珠江医院肝胆外科64例肝脏肿瘤病人临床资料。采用MI-3DVS对薄层CT图像数据进行个体化的肝脏、肝内脉管和肿瘤三维重建，并将三维重建模型导入VR开发引擎中转化为VR模型，指导术前规划和决策；术中使用荧光成像仪对肝脏、肿瘤进行侦测，并联合3DV和VR技术导航肝切除手术。结果 MI-3DVS三维重建的64例病人肝脏、肿瘤及肝内脉管等结构清晰；通过头戴式显示器及安装了捕捉手和手指运动的传感器的操纵手柄融入一个 3D-VR环境，更立体直观地显示前期3DV模型的沉浸感、空间感和立体感；FIGFI可进行肿瘤边界界定、肝切缘的界定、微小肝癌和肝切缘残留病灶的侦测。64例病人中，肝左外叶切除4例，肝左叶切除16例，肝右前叶切除5例，肝右后叶切除5例，肝右叶切除17例，肝中叶切除术5例，肝段切除11例（5段3例、6段6例、7段1例、8段1例），尾状叶切除1例。实际手术过程与术前手术规划一致。术后均未出现腹腔出血、胆漏、肝功能衰竭等严重并发症，围手术期无死亡病例。结论 多模影像技术在术前精确影像评估和术中导航解剖性、功能性、根治性肝切除手术具有重要应用价值。     

螺旋CT双期增强扫描在小胰腺癌诊断中的应用

目的:探讨螺旋CT双期增强扫描技术及其在小胰腺癌诊断中的价值.方法:对14例小胰腺癌患者进行双期螺旋扫描,扫描延迟时间分别为30 s和70 s,对比剂用量100 mL,注射速度2.5 mL/s,观察比较正常胰腺和肿瘤在两期增强情况,根据CT表现对肿瘤可切除性进行术前评估,并与手术结果比较.结果:胰腺期和门脉期正常胰腺和肿瘤组织的CT值差分别为(44±8.0) HU和(20±12) HU,P<0.01.14例小胰腺癌术前认为可切除11例,与手术结果相符.结论:胰腺期胰腺与肿瘤密度对比较门脉期更显著,螺旋CT双期增强扫描有利于小胰腺癌检出和正确术前评估.     

���ֻ���ά�ؽ������ڵ��Ƚ�ϲ����������е�Ӧ��

??Three-dimensional reconstruction of digital technology in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticobiliary junction lesions FANG Chi-hua, SU Zhong-he. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
Corresponding author??FANG Chi-hua, E-mail:fangch_dr@126.com
Abstract Diagnosis and treatment technologies of pancreaticobiliary ductal union diseases are numerous and varied. Each of the technologies has different advantages and disadvantages. In practical clinical application, 64-slice helical CT(64-MSCT) data was reconstructed with the Medical Image Three-dimensional Visualization System of Abdomen (MI-3DVS). Compared with the invasive examinations such as ERCP and so on, 3D reconstruction could provide full visual images which clearly showed the site, size, blood supply and invasion of the lesions, with lower risk of related complicating diseases and lower hospitalization costs. MI-3DVS also plays an important role in assessment of resectability of pancreaticobiliary junction tumor. Several patients considered unresectble with CT and MRI were operated successfully with MI-3DVS guidance. So MI-3DVS 3D reconstruction could perform a high value of clinical practice by reducing traumas that resulting from haphazard decision-making in sugery diagnosis and treatment.     

数字化三维重建技术在胆胰结合部病变诊治中的应用

胆胰结合部疾病诊断和治疗技术较多,不同方法具不同优势和不足。在实际临床应用中,采用腹部医学图像三维可视化系统（MI?3DVS）对病人多层螺旋CT（MSCT）数据进行三维重建,与ERCP等有创检查相比,可更全面直观的显示该区域病变的部位、范围、血供、侵犯情况,并可显著降低发生相关并发症的风险,减少病人住院费用。对于胆胰结合部肿瘤,该技术还有助于可切除性的评估,指导部分根据CT和MRI表现评估为“不可切除”的肿瘤得到根治切除。合理应用MI?3DVS三维重建技术可减少外科医师诊治时的盲目决策对病人的创伤,具有较高的临床实用价值。     

����CT����ͷ�����г��������еļ�ֵ

目的探讨螺旋CT判断胰头癌可切除性的方法和标准。方法上海华东医院2002年1月至2003年9月使用螺旋CT对18例胰头癌病人进行术前薄层多期扫描，将胰周血管受侵犯程度分为4级，结合周围组织脏器的受累情况判断胰头癌的可切除性，并与手术结果相对照。结果18例胰头癌病人，术前9例判断可切除，实际8例得到了根治性切除。准确率达87．5％，不可切除的判断准确率达90％。结论利用血管受侵犯程度分级，螺旋CT可以较准确的判断胰头癌的可切除性，具有重要的临床意义。     

Laparoscopy Predicts Metastatic Disease and Spares Laparotomy in Selected Patients With Pancreatic Nonfunctioning Islet Cell Tumors

Introduction: Our objective was to compare the efficacy of CT alone to CT followed by laparoscopy in determining resectability of pancreatic nonfunctioning islet (NFI) cell tumors.Methods: A retrospective analysis from 1993 to 1999 revealed 48 patients who underwent surgical evaluation for NFI cell tumors. Of these, 34 (71%) patients underwent laparoscopy and CT for either diagnostic purposes or tumor staging. CT and laparoscopic criteria for curative resectability were defined and the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of both modalities in determining resectability were calculated.Results: The most frequent tumor location and presenting symptoms were pancreatic head (n = 27, 56%) and abdominal pain (n = 31, 65%), respectively. Median tumor size was 4.0 cm. In the laparoscopy group, curative resection was performed in 20 cases (59%). CT followed by laparoscopy was more sensitive than CT alone in predicting resectability (93% vs. 50%, P = 0.03) with similar specificity (both 100%). The predictive value for tumor resectability was 74% for CT alone and 95% for CT followed by laparoscopy. Reasons for unresectability identified at laparoscopy but not indicated by CT were liver metastases (n = 6) or nodal disease (n = 1). Four of these patients were spared a laparotomy while the other three patients underwent surgical palliation and all are alive with disease (AWD). In those not undergoing laparoscopy (n = 14), curative resection was performed in 64% (n = 9). Four of these patients underwent resection, despite having metastases, and three are AWD.Conclusions: NFI cell tumors of the pancreas present as large masses with frequent metastases. Despite metastatic disease, prolonged survival is often achieved with or without open surgical treatment. Laparoscopy can be used in diagnosis and accurately identifies metastases not seen on CT, thus sparing laparotomy in some patients.     

医学图像三维可视化系统在精准肝切除中的应用价值

目的 探讨医学图像三维可视化系统(MI-3DVS)在精准肝切除中的指导作用.方法 2008年6月至2010年9月南方医科大学珠江医院利用自行研发的MI-3DVS在术前对45例肝癌患者肝脏的CT薄层图像数据进行三维重建.根据肝内门静脉和肝静脉走行划分肝段,确定肿瘤所在位置,测算切除的功能性肝脏体积并计算剩余肝脏体积百分比.术前评估可切除性,制订个体化的手术方案,然后进行仿真手术演练,指导临床手术.结果 45例肝癌患者根据肝内肝静脉和门静脉的走行分布分为7种类型:常见型21例,与Couinaud分段相同;未分型6例;肝右叶未分型11例;肝左叶未分型4例;肝右静脉型1例;肝中静脉双支型1例;右后下静脉型1例.39例患者行开腹肝癌切除术,平均剩余肝脏体积百分比为74%±17%,术后病理检查均为肝细胞癌;6例患者行TACE治疗.所有患者术后未发生急性肝功能衰竭、出血、胆汁漏等严重并发症.出院后随访6个月,患者无瘤或带瘤生存.结论 用MI-3DVS进行术前评估和指导临床手术,符合肝脏解剖与生理特点,对精准肝切除有重要的指导作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the guiding significance of medical image three-dimensional visualization system (MI-3DVS) in precise hepatectomy. Methods The clinical data of 45 patients with hepatic neoplasms who were admitted to the Zhujiang Hospital from June 2008 to September 2010 were prospectively analyzed. The preoperative image data of the liver were three-dimensionally reconstructed by MI-3DVS. According to the distribution of the intrahepatic portal veins and hepatic veins, the liver was divided into different sections,and then tumors can be located within these hepatic segments. The volume percentage of residual liver and volume of liver resected were detected. Evaluation of surgical resectability and surgery simulation were done before operation. Results According to the distribution of the intrahepatic portal veins and hepatic veins, all patients were divided into seven types: 21 patients were with normal type which was the same as Couinaud type, six with nondivided type, 11 with non-divided right liver type, four with non-divided left liver type, one with right hepatic vein type, one with double middle hepatic vein type and one with right posterior vein type. Thirty-nine patients received open hepatectomy, and the volume percentage of the residual liver was 74% ± 17%. Postoperative pathological examination confirmed that all the 39 patients were with hepatocellular carcinoma. Six patients received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. No severe complications such as acute hepatic failure, bleeding, bile leakage were detected. All patients were followed up for six months, and they survived with or without tumor. Conclusion MI-3DVS has guiding significance in preoperative assessment and perioperative guidance for precise hepatectomy.     

����ҽѧͼ����ά���ӻ�ϵͳ���ڸ��������������ٴ��о�

??Clinical research on the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm by the Abdominal Medical Image Three-dimensional Visualization System FANG Chi-hua*, ZHANG Pu-sheng, LUO Yun-feng??et al. *Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
Corresponding author: FANG Chi-hua , E-mail: fangch_dr@126.com
Abstract Objective To explore the clinical value of the abdominal medical Image three-dimensional visualization system (MI-3DVS) in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA). Methods The data of 13 cases with AAA provided by 64-slice spiral computerized tomography (CT) is collected and adjusted by DICOM Viewer before reconstructed. Then the adjusted datum are segmented and reconstructed in three-dimensional (3D) models by the MI-3DVS which has been exploited ourselves. The 3D models are classified and measured to select the preferable operation. Finally, the 3D models are imported into the Freeform Modeling System to study on virtual surgery of vascular prosthesis replacement and endovascular exclusion for AAA and to assess the clinical value of the MI-3DVS. Results The 3D models of 13 cases have characteristic of realistic, stereoscopic and clear in interrelationship. They are helpful to classification accurately. It is showed that the effect of the management of the virtual surgery on AAA is the same as that of the surgical interference. Conclusion The MI-3DVS contribute to preoperative evaluation and selecting preferable surgical interference. Furthermore, we can also get more familiar with the procedure of the surgical interference, save our time and improve our surgical skills. At the same time, the virtual surgery can strengthen the doctor-patient communication.     

原发性腹膜后神经源性肿瘤93例分析

目的　探讨原发性腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的临床病理特征及外科治疗原则 ,以提高手术切除率及安全性。方法　回顾性分析 13年间经手术和病理证实的原发性腹膜后神经源性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果　神经源性肿瘤占同期腹膜后肿瘤的 2 0 .6% (93 /4 5 2 ) ,其中神经鞘瘤 2 4例(2 5 .8% )、恶性神经鞘瘤 19例 (2 0 .4% )、副节瘤 14例 (15 .1% )、神经纤维瘤 16例 (17.2 % )、其他少见肿瘤 2 0例 (2 1.5 % )。术前CT和MRI检查的诊断率分别为 65 .6%和 73 .9%。手术切除率为97.9% (91/93 ) ,2例行探查活检。良、恶性肿瘤术后的 3 ,5年生存率分别为 95 .9% ,80 .1%和42 .4% ,10 .5 %。良性肿瘤术后复发 8例 ,复发率为 13 .1% ;恶性肿瘤复发 14例 ,复发率为 43 .8%。结论　CT和MRI对本病诊断有辅助意义 ;治疗首选手术切除。良性肿瘤预后良好 ,恶性肿瘤术后易复发