髂总动脉分支及其临床意义

在78具成年尸体上详细观察了髂总动脉的分支。髂总动脉外侧支的出现率为30.76%,多起于髂总动脉远侧1/3段(43.33%),始端外径为2.38±0.06(0.90～4.20)mm.起自髂总动脉的髂腰动脉的出现率为10.26%,也多起于髂总动脉远侧1/3段,其始端外径为3.03±0.14(2.50～3.80)mm。记录了此两支动脉的走行和分布,并讨论了它们的临床意义。     

髂总动脉及其外侧支的观察

本文对56侧尸体,共112侧的髂总动脉进行了观察和测量,其中成人46例,(男23例,女23例)儿童10例。以了解髂总动脉的长度、始端外径、输尿管越过髂动脉的情况,并对髂总动脉的外侧支进行了观察和测量,为更准确地描述髂总动脉和分支的位置,提供了参考资料。     

髂总动脉分支穿髂总静脉变异1例

笔者在解剖一具老年男性尸体时 ,发现其右侧髂总动脉分支穿髂总静脉隧洞的异常 (附图 ) ,现报道如下 :右侧髂总静脉在走行于腰大肌表面的部位出现一隧洞 ,洞口为一卵圆形裂孔。该裂孔长轴为 1.5ｃｍ ,与静脉平行 ,短轴为 0 .7ｃｍ ;近侧端距左右髂总静脉汇合处 5 .5ｃｍ ,远侧端距右侧髂内静脉与髂外静脉汇合处4 .3ｃｍ。右侧髂总动脉在距左右髂总动脉分叉处 4 .1ｃｍ的部位发出一动脉 ,穿过该隧洞进入腰大肌 ,上行并分支于腰大肌。该动脉直径为 0 .5ｃｍ ,距隧洞近侧端 0 6ｃｍ ,远侧端 0 .4ｃｍ。进一步解剖显示 ,该动脉沿腰大肌上行与第…     

髂总动脉和髂外动脉弯曲畸形1例

髂外动脉是髂总动脉的直接延续,很少发生畸形.作者在指导临床医学本科生局部解剖时,发现l例髂总动脉和髂外动脉弯曲畸形,为积累国人体质资料,给临床检查、诊断与治疗提供参考.现报告如下. 1资料与方法 10％的福尔马林固定的男尸1具,约45岁,身高155 cm,发育正常,双下肢对称等粗,外观无任何畸形.解剖显露腹后壁及盆部的腹主动脉、髂总动脉、髂外动脉,用量角器测量其夹角,游标卡尺测量其径线.     

右髂总动脉弯曲畸形一例报道

<正>笔者在解剖一具40岁男性尸体标本时,发现其右侧髂总动脉有弯曲畸形,现报道如下。成尸发育正常,双下肢对称等粗。动脉弯曲畸形有一处,为右髂总动脉跨越左、右髂总静脉分叉处。左侧髂总动脉主干及左、右髂总动脉的分支无异常。畸形中点距离右髂总动脉根部约8.8 cm,距离肠系膜下动脉根部约15.8 cm,距离右髂内动脉和髂外动     

髂总动脉在超声诊断输尿管中段结石的参照价值

正常输尿管超声检查时常不能显示,并且中段输尿管受肠气干扰检查时也困难,影响输尿管中段结石的诊断。因此我们从96年开始探讨输尿管中段结石的诊断技术。     

经动脉导管髂内动脉栓塞与暂时性腹主动脉阻断治疗骨盆骨折动脉出血的疗效比较

目的：比较经动脉导管髂内动脉栓塞与暂时性腹主动脉阻断治疗骨盆骨折动脉出血的疗效。方法选取2003年10月至2012年1月由笔者所在三单位联合提供的应用经动脉导管髂内动脉栓塞方法治疗的48例骨盆骨折动脉出血患者（A 组）与应用暂时性腹主动脉阻断方法治疗的10例骨盆骨折动脉出血患者（B 组）,分析比较两类方法治疗后两组患者输血量、住重症加强护理病房（ICU）时间、生存例数。结果 A 组患者输血量（18.56±8.21）U,住 ICU 时间（8.04±4.25）d,16例患者死亡（其中1例死于创伤性休克,2例死于多器官功能障碍综合征,10例死于弥散性血管内凝血,3例死于急性呼吸窘迫综合征）,生存率67%;B 组患者输血量（20.00±7.29）U,住 ICU 时间（12.00±6.08）d,2例患者死于创伤性休克,生存率80%。两组患者输血量、住 ICU 时间比较,差异均无统计学意义（t =-0.376、-1.906,P 均〉0.05）,生存率比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=0.000, P 〉0.05）。结论经动脉导管髂内动脉栓塞方法和暂时性腹主动脉阻断方法治疗骨盆骨折动脉出血疗效相近,应根据临床具体情况合理选用。     

髂总动脉变异及肾副动脉1例

作在解剖一具老年男性标本时发现其左侧髂总动脉高位分叉，且有副肾动脉变异，现报道如下.     

右髂总动脉分支位置异常一例报告

我们在尸体解剖过程中 ,发现一例右髂总动脉分支位置异常的标本。为了积累变异资料和供临床工作者参考 ,现报告如下 :1.本例尸体 :男性 ,体长 16 6 cm,年龄约30岁 ,外观发育正常。2 .腹主动脉走行于脊柱的左前方 ,长2 0 .1cm,管径 1.5 cm,在第五腰椎体上缘分左、右髂总动脉。右髂总动脉自腹主动脉发出后 ,走行于右下方 ,长 2 .2 cm,管径 1.2 cm,在第五腰椎体下缘即分为右髂内、髂外动脉。右髂内动脉管径 0 .5 cm,沿骨盆后壁走行进入骨盆腔后分为数支。右髂外动脉管径 0 .7cm,走行至右下 ,距发出右侧腹壁下动脉处其长度有 11.6 cm。左髂总动…     

新生儿肝动脉的解剖学研究

用解剖剥离的方法对50例新鲜新生儿尸体的肝动脉及分支作了观察测量,测得肝总动脉长8.94±3.27mm;外径1.99±0.31 mm;肝固有动脉长4.89±3.35 mm;外径1.81±0.61mm,同时对胃右动脉和副肝右动脉的起源及迷走肝动脉作了观察和分析.     

旋髂深动脉穿支皮瓣的数字解剖学研究

目的为旋髂深动脉穿支骨皮瓣的设计与安全截取提供解剖学基础。方法选6具未经固定处理的尸体,采用改良明胶/氧化铅灌注技术进行动脉灌注,层次解剖观测腰区外径≥0.5 mm的穿支,测量其管径及其走行、分支、分布情况并拍摄X线片。利用Photoshop与Scion Image软件分析穿支供血的趋向性及每个分支的供血面积等。另选1具未固定处理的男尸,采用羧甲基纤维素/氧化铅水凝胶行一次性全身动脉造影,并进行CT扫描与三维重建。结果旋髂深动脉穿支(DCIAP)的出现率为92%,平均每侧为1.6支,直径0.7mm,其穿支出现于髂前上棘后方5~10cm,髂嵴上方12~35mm之间,供血范围为31 cm2。结论旋髂深动脉起源、行程及其穿支较恒定,具备穿支骨皮瓣的解剖学基础,可截取穿支皮瓣(肌皮瓣或骨皮瓣)进行游离移植或转位,用于复合组织缺损的重建。     

An extremely rare bifurcation pattern of the caudal abdominal aorta: case report demonstrated by angiography

An extremely rare bifurcation pattern at the caudal abdominal aorta was encountered on the pelvic angiography and MR angiography of a male patient. Instead of dividing into two common iliac arteries, the caudal abdominal aorta first gave the right external iliac artery at the level of the last lumbar arteries, then bifurcated into a right internal iliac artery and a left common iliac artery. The median sacral artery originated at this anomalous bifurcation. This high origin of the right external iliac artery and separate branching of these right iliac vessels from the abdominal aorta are important during the interventions in the region. We present the angiography findings and discuss the embryological origin of this unusual and unreported congenital anomaly.     

老年组与中成年组髂外动脉的形态学比较

本文观微和测量了50具国人髂外动脉(左右合计100侧),并将所有观测项目按年龄分为老年组(60岁以上者)和中成年组(19—60岁)进行了统计学处理。结果发现:髂外动脉的长度、外径、髂外动脉与髂内动脉之间的夹角以及髂外动脉的弯曲程度在老年组与中成年组之间均有高度显著性差异。     

经右股动脉行肾动脉下腹主动脉腔内球囊阻断血流的应用解剖学研究

目的探讨经右股动脉入路应用球囊导管阻断肾动脉下腹主动脉的可行性。方法解剖50例健康成人尸体标本（其中男性33例,女性17例）,测量身高;分别经血管腔内测量肾动脉下腹主动脉至右股动脉腹股沟韧带平面的长度,采用sPSs12．0统计学软件分析身高与血管长度之间的关系。结果身高与肾动脉下腹主动脉至右股动脉腹股沟韧带平面的长度之间存在直线回归及较强的相关关系。结论经右股动脉入路行血管腔内球囊阻断肾动脉下腹主动脉对于腹主动脉瘤,特别是破裂腹主动脉瘤是一个可行的安全阻断血流的方法,为临床工作提供了一个新的思路和方法。     

Anatomical Variations in the Aortic Bifurcation in New Zealand White Rabbits on Arteriography

The radiologic anatomy of the aortic bifurcation in the rabbit has received little study but it is important as this anatomical area is widely used in atherosclerosis research. Thirty rabbits were used to study the aortic bifurcation and subsequent branching patterns on arteriography. Fifteen different arteries were identified. Mean arterial diameters of 2.88 ± 0.7 and 2.27 ± 0.55 mm were obtained for the aorta and external iliac arteries, respectively. The cranial and middle aspects at the seventh lumbar vertebra (L7) were the most frequent anatomical landmarks (53.3% of the cases) for aortic and common iliac bifurcations, respectively. The caudal aspect of L6 was the most frequent origin (50% of the cases) for the median sacral artery. Deep circumflex iliac arteries originated from common iliac arteries and not the abdominal aorta in the rabbit, showing anatomical asymmetry in 73.3% of the cases. No gender disparity was found in the anatomical location of any of the arteries of the study. Knowledge of normal vascular landmarks for the aortic bifurcation as well as anatomical variations should be helpful to future experimental studies. Anat Rec, 297:663–669, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

髂总静脉隔在下肢静脉曲张中的应用解剖学研究

用68具成人尸体观察测量了髂总静脉间隔,左、右髂总静脉隔.结果:髂总静脉间隔出现率为96.55%(66例),左髂总静脉隔出现率为71.05%(38例),其横径男5.36±0.88(1.00～14.02)mm;女4.18±1.30(0.62～9.32)mm.右髂总静脉隔无1例存在.文内对髂总静脉隔的存在与下肢静脉曲张的形态学关系进行了分析探讨.     

Prognostic value of tissue factor in patients with abdominal aortic and iliac arterial aneurysms – preliminary study

Introduction

The decision on the time and choice of strategy of treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm must be especially carefully balanced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the tissue factor (TF) plasma level as a potential factor useful in anticipation of abdominal aortic aneurysm and/or iliac arterial aneurysm via comparison of plasma TF level in patients with ruptured and non-ruptured aneurysms.

Material and methods

The study included 33 patients with aneurysm (17 operated on electively because of non-ruptured aneurysm and 16 operated on emergently due to ruptured aneurysm), 33 claudicant patients with atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries with normal diameter of arteries, and 30 healthy controls. Plasma TF level was assessed by ELISA method using the IMUBIND Tissue Factor ELISA Kit (American Diagnostica Inc.).

Results

The study showed an increased TF level in patients with aneurysm (134 ±54 pg/ml) and in patients with atherosclerosis without concomitant aneurysm (91 ±30 pg/ml) in comparison with the control group (62 ±20 pg/ml), respectively p < 0.001 and p = 0.008. A significantly higher TF plasma level was observed in patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (160 ±57 pg/ml) as compared to patients with non-ruptured aortic aneurysms (109 ±39 pg/ml) or peripheral arterial occlusive disease (91 ±30 pg/ml), respectively p < 0.001 and p < 0.001. The difference in TF level between the group with non-ruptured aortic aneurysms (109 ±39 pg/ml) and the patients with atherosclerosis without aneurysm (91 ±30 pg/ml) was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

No difference in TF level between patients with non-ruptured AAA/IAA and patients with aortic and iliac atherosclerosis without aneurysm indicates that an increased TF plasma level is not specific for any of the above-mentioned vascular pathologies.