Comparative study of systematic thoracoscopic lymphadenectomy and conventional thoracotomy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer

Objective

To assess the feasibility and safety of the video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS) systematic lymph node dissection in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

The clinical data of patients with NSCLC who underwent VATS or thoracotomy combined with lobectomy and systematic lymphadenectomy from January 2001 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed to identify their demographic parameters, number of dissected lymph nodes and postoperative complications.

Results

A total of 5,620 patients were enrolled in this study, with 2,703 in the VATS group, including 1,742 men (64.4%), and 961 women (35.6%), aged 59.5±10.9 years; and 2,917 in the thoracotomy group, including 2,163 men (74.2%), and 754 women (25.8%), aged 58.5±10.4 years. Comparing the VATS with the thoracotomy groups, the mean operative time was 146 vs. 157 min, with a significant difference (P<0.001); and the average blood loss was 162 vs. 267 mL, with a significant difference (P<0.001). Comparing the two groups of patients data, the number of lymph node dissection: 18.03 in the VATS group and 15.07 in the thoracotomy group on average, with a significant difference (P<0.001); postoperative drainage time: 4.5 days in the VATS group and 6.37 days in the thoracotomy group on average, with a significant difference (P<0.001); postoperative hospital stay: 6.5 days in the VATS group and 8.37 days in the thoracotomy group on average, with a significant difference (P<0.001); proportion of postoperative chylothorax: 0.2% (4/2,579) in the VATS group and 0.4% (10/2,799) in the thoracotomy group, without significant difference (P>0.05).

Conclusions

For patients with resectable NSCLC, VATS systematic lymph node dissection is safe and effective with fewer postoperative complications, and significantly faster postoperative recovery compared with traditional open chest surgery.     

Predictive risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with small size non-small cell lung cancer

Background

Accurate clinical staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is essential for developing an optimal treatment strategy. This study aimed to determine the predictive risk factors for lymph node metastasis, including both N1 and N2 metastases, in clinical T1aN0 NSCLC patients.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated clinical T1aN0M0 NSCLC patients who showed no radiologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and who had undergone surgical pulmonary resection with systematic mediastinal node dissection or sampling at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University between January 2011 and June 2013. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for node metastasis.

Results

Pathologically positive lymph nodes were found in 16.2% (51/315) of the patients. Positive N1 nodes were found in 12.4% (39/315) of the patients, and positive N2 nodes were identified in 13.0% (41/315) of the patients. Some 9.2% (29/315) of the patients had both positive N1 and N2 nodes, and 3.8% (12/315) of the patients had nodal skip metastasis. Variables of preoperative radiographic tumor size, non-upper lobe located tumors, high carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma (AC) were identified as predictors for positive N1 or N2 node multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Pathologically positive lymph nodes were common in small size NSCLC patients with clinical negative lymph nodes. Therefore, preoperative staging should be performed more thoroughly to increase accuracy, especially for patients who have the larger size, non-upper lobe located, high CEA level or micropapillary predominant ACs.     

非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移特点临床探讨

目的在可切除的非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者手术治疗中,对纵隔淋巴结的清扫范围国内外学者仍有较大争议。本研究目的在于总结NSCLC纵隔淋巴结转移特点,为手术治疗NSCLC时正确处理纵隔淋巴结提供理论依据。方法按Naruke等肺癌淋巴结分布图对168例NSCLC施行肺叶（全肺）切除加同侧纵隔淋巴结系统性廓清术,分析病理证实的纵隔淋巴结转移频度及分布情况。结果手术共清除纵隔淋巴结1143组,平均每例清扫6.8组,病理证实有纵膈淋巴结癌细胞转移（N2）的332组,N2转移率29.0％。最大径≤3cm（T1）肿瘤和最大径〉3cm（T2）肿瘤间淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。鳞癌、腺癌发生3组或3组以上纵隔淋巴结转移者分别为33.3％、42.4％。N2跳跃式转移发生率为14.3％。结论在上叶癌以上纵隔淋巴结转移居多,中下叶癌则跨区域转移居多。淋巴结转移具有跳跃性、跨区域性和多发性特点。     

胸腔镜下亚肺叶切除及纵隔淋巴结采样治疗早期非小细胞肺癌临床疗效探讨

目的探讨胸腔镜下亚肺叶切除以及纵隔淋巴结采样在早期非小细胞肺癌患者中的临床治疗效果。方法选取2013年4月至2014年4月我院收治的80例早期非小细胞肺癌患者资料进行分析,根据不同治疗方案将患者分为对照组和实验组,对照组采用开胸肺叶切除手术治疗,实验组采用胸腔镜下亚肺叶切除以及纵隔淋巴结采样治疗,比较两组疗效。结果实验组手术时间、术中出血量、术后疼痛评分、术后胸腔引流管时间、住院时间等指标显著少于对照组(P0.05);实验组并发症发生率为7.5%,显著低于对照组(并发症发生率为22.5%)(P0.05);实验组经过病理诊断6例浸润性鳞癌,20例浸润性腺癌,8例微浸润性腺癌,6例浸润前病变。2例确诊纵隔淋巴结转移,给予放疗和化疗治疗。结论早期非小细胞肺癌患者采用胸腔镜下亚肺叶切除以及纵隔淋巴结采样治疗效果理想,值得推广使用。     

The significance of systematic lymph node dissection in surgery for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients aged ≤40 years

BackgroundSurgery remains the best option for treating early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and lymph node dissection (LND) is an important step in this approach. However, the extent of LND in the general age population, especially in young patients, is controversial. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the correlation between systematic lymph node dissection (SLND) and prognosis in young (≤40 years) patients with stage IA NSCLC.MethodsClinicopathological data of 191 patients aged ≤40 years who underwent surgical pulmonary resection for stage IA NSCLC between January 2010 and December 2016 were retrospectively collected. Of the patients, 104 received SLND (SLND group), while the other 87 patients underwent sampling or no LND (non-SLND group). The disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) curves of the patients from each group were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the correlations of the patients’ clinical factors with prognosis were also analyzed.ResultsThe median follow-up period was 55 months. During follow-up, 7 patients died, and recurrence or metastasis was detected in 16 patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed no difference in DFS (P=0.132) between the SLND and non-SLND group, but a significant difference was found between the groups in OS (P=0.022). Additionally, there was no statistically pronounced difference in OS or DFS between male and female patients. Multivariate survival analysis showed that the type of SLND, as well as tumor size, is an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR, 3.530; 95% CI, 1.120–11.119; P=0.031) and OS (HR, 13.076; 95% CI, 1.209–141.443; P=0.034).ConclusionsFor young (age ≤40) stage IA NSCLC patients with pathological invasive adenocarcinoma, intraoperative SLND can improve the DFS and OS. Further studies are needed to verify the most optimal degree of LND in young patients.     

周围型非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移相关CT表现

目的分析周围型非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移CT影像学特点。方法回顾性分析术前行胸部增强CT检查的86例周围型非小细胞肺癌患者临床资料,均进行纵隔淋巴结清扫术,记录肿瘤的大小、位置、密度、分叶、胸膜凹陷程度、CT值,以及是否显示纵隔淋巴结及其数目、大小和周围情况。以患者的病理报告作为参考标准。结果纵隔淋巴结的数目、大小、界限,肿瘤的大小、密度、位置、胸膜凹陷程度及病理类型是影响纵隔淋巴结转移的独立因素。结论周围型非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移不仅与淋巴结有关,并且与其边界、肿瘤大小、位置、密度等其他CT表现有关。     

The impact of an N1 lymph node examination in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundThe examination of lymph nodes (LNs) is critical for accurate node staging in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but a consensus on the examinations of hilar and intrapulmonary (N1 station) LNs has not been reached. This study aimed to evaluate the role of LN dissection and pathological examination of N1 LN stations and their effects on survival in patients with stage IA-IIA NSCLC.MethodsData from patients pathologically staged as IA-IIA who underwent radical surgery and confirmed as lacking LN metastases from January 2008 to March 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). After propensity score matching (PSM), a Cox model was used to determine the prognostic factors.ResultsOf the 1,935 patients investigated, the median number of N1 stations examined was 3. Patients with at least 2 N1 stations examined had apparently better OS (P=0.002) and DFS (P=0.001). All patients were divided into patients with 0–1 N1 station examined and patients with 2–5 N1 stations examined. After PSM, the number of N1 stations examined was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P=0.004). Patients with 2–5 N1 stations examined experienced prolonged DFS (P=0.010). Patients in group 12 experienced prolonged OS (P=0.021) and DFS (P=0.026). Patients in group 13 or 14 experienced prolonged OS (P=0.028).ConclusionsA larger extent of N1 station examination was associated with prolonged DFS in patients with stage IA-IIA NSCLC after lobectomy. The dissection and examination of at least 2 N1 stations included LNs from the lobar and segmental drainage fields.     

112例非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移规律分析

目的分析112例非小细胞肺癌淋巴结的转移规律。方法对112例肺癌患者施行手术切除并行广泛肺门、叶间及纵隔淋巴结清扫术。术后病理资料进行统计分析。结果在共清除898组淋巴结中,单纯N1淋巴结转移率为24.1%,N2(包括N1+N2)淋巴结转移率30.4%。原发肺癌(T)分期T1、T2、T3间淋巴结转移率差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。跳跃式转移占N2转移的35.3%。结论非小细胞肺癌的淋巴结转移与T分期有关,具有较多的跳跃性纵隔淋巴结转移发生,肿瘤部位及肺癌的病理学类型与淋巴结的转移无明显关系。外科治疗中应注意广泛清扫肺内、同侧纵隔淋巴结才有可能达到根治目的。     

EFhd1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨EFhd1蛋白在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及临床意义。 方法收集南通大学附属医院心胸外科2004年1月至2011年4月收治的178例NSCLC手术患者的病例及其相应的临床病理和随访资料,并制备组织芯片;采用免疫组化方法检测EFhd1蛋白的表达,统计分析EFhd1蛋白与NSCLC患者临床病理参数、预后之间的相关性。 结果EFhd1在NSCLC组织(43.3%,77/178)中的表达明显高于癌旁组织(2.0%,1/51),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。统计分析显示：EFhd1的表达与T分期有关(P<0.05);Cox单因素分析显示,患者的TNM分期、T分期、N分期与NSCLC的预后密切相关(P<0.01);多因素分析显示EFhd1的高表达以及TNM分期为NSCLC的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。生存曲线提示EFhd1高表达的患者较EFhd1低表达患者生存期短,预后差,TNM分期越晚则生存时间越短。 结论EFhd1在NSCLC癌组织中的表达较癌旁组织中明显增高;TNM分期和EFhd1蛋白表达程度是影响患者预后的独立危险因素;EFhd1基因的高表达与患者的不良预后密切相关;EFhd1可作为NSCLC诊断及判断预后的潜在分子标记物,为后续研究其作为NSCLC靶向治疗的基因靶点的可能性提供了理论基础。     

Quality assessment of robot assisted thoracic surgical resection of non-small cell lung cancer: nodal upstaging and mediastinal recurrence

BackgroundRobot assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is the minimally invasive surgical technique of choice for treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), at the Isala Hospital. The aim of this study is to compare clinical and pathological staging results and mediastinal recurrence after RATS for anatomical resections of lung cancer as surrogate markers for quality of mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND).MethodsThis single institute retrospective study was conducted in patients who underwent RATS for NSCLC. Excluded were patients with a history of concurrent malignant disease, with other previous neoplasms, with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and patients in whom the robotic technique was converted to thoracotomy, prior to lymph node dissection. Data were obtained from the hospital database. The difference between clinical and pathological staging was expressed as upstaging and downstaging. Computed Tomography scanning was used for follow-up, and diagnosis of mediastinal recurrence.ResultsFrom November 2011 to May 2016, 227 patients underwent RATS at Isala Hospital Zwolle, the Netherlands. Of those, 130 (mean age, 69.5±9.3 years) met the eligibility criteria. Preoperative mediastinal lymph node staging was done by endoscopic ultrasound/endobronchial ultrasound, by positron emission tomography (PET) or mediastinoscopy. In 14 patients (10.8%) unforeseen N2 disease was found, 6 patients (4.6%) were upstaged from cN0 to pN2 and 8 patients (6.2%) were upstaged from cN1 to pN2. Mediastinal recurrence was detected in 7 patients (5.4%) during a median follow-up of 54 months (range, 1.5–102 months).ConclusionsIn patients with NSCLC, who underwent anatomical resection by means of RATS, an unforeseen N2 disease rate of 10.8% was demonstrated and a mediastinal recurrence rate of 5.4%. It is concluded that robotic surgery provides an accurate lymph node dissection.     

Mathematical models for intraoperative prediction of metastasis to regional lymph nodes in patients with clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer

It remains challenging to determine the regions of metastasis to lymph nodes during operation for clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to establish intraoperative mathematical models with nomograms for predicting the hilar-intrapulmonary node metastasis (HNM) and the mediastinal node metastasis (MNM) in patients with clinical stage I NSCLC. The clinicopathological variables of 585 patients in a derivation cohort who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy with complete lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed for their association with the HNM or the MNM. After analyzing the variables, we developed multivariable logistic models with nomograms to estimate the risk of lymph node metastasis in different regions. The predictive efficacy was then validated in a validation cohort of 418 patients. It was confirmed that carcinoembryonic antigen (>5.75 ng/mL), CYFRA211 (>2.85 ng/mL), the maximum diameter of tumor (>2.75 cm), tumor differentiation (grade III), bronchial mucosa and cartilage invasion, and vascular invasion were predictors of HNM, and carcinoembryonic antigen (>8.25 ng/mL), CYFRA211 (>2.95 ng/mL), the maximum diameter of tumor (>2.75 cm), tumor differentiation (grade III), bronchial mucosa and cartilage invasion, vascular invasion, and visceral pleural invasion were predictors of MNM. The validation of the prediction models based on the above results demonstrated good discriminatory power. Our predictive models are helpful in the decision-making process of specific therapeutic strategies for the regional lymph node metastasis in patients with clinical stage I NSCLC.     

Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结跳跃式转移的临床意义

目的探讨Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者纵隔淋巴结跳跃式转移的临床意义。方法65例术后病理证实的NSCLC患者,分为纵隔淋巴结(pN2期)跳跃转移组(21例)及非跳跃转移组(44例),回顾分析两组患者的临床、手术及病理资料。结果两组患者的性别、年龄及肿瘤的病理类型、大小、部位和术后转移情况差异无统计学意义(P均>0·05);非跳跃转移组发生多组淋巴结转移的概率为36.4%(16/44)显著高于跳跃转移组的9.5%(2/21;χ2=8·571,P=0·036)。跳跃转移组患者术后平均生存时间为44个月,5年生存率为41%;非跳跃转移组术后平均生存时间为26个月,5年生存率为21%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=9·325,P<0·05)。纵隔淋巴结跳跃式转移可以作为肺癌术后一个独立的预后因素(P=0·003,RR=0·347)。结论纵隔淋巴结跳跃式转移的临床Ⅲ期NSCLC患者生存期较无跳跃式转移的患者长,纵隔淋巴结跳跃式转移可以作为一个独立的生存预后因素;跳跃式转移可能是pN期肺癌中的一个亚群。     

内皮素-1与非小细胞肺癌

肺癌是一种死亡率高、危害大的疾病,严重威胁人类健康,而非小细胞肺癌占肺癌的80%以上.近年来,研究发现内皮素-1与非小细胞肺癌关系密切.非小细胞肺癌患者体内内皮素-1水平升高,通过外周血、支气管镜等检查测定内皮素-1水平,有助于非小细胞肺癌的诊断和预后的评估.     

Older patients more likely to die from cancer-related diseases than younger with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer: a SEER database analysis

BackgroundVarious reports showed some conflicting data on survival at different ages. This study aimed to investigate the main cause of death in older patients with lung cancer and to perform a comparison with younger patients in order to observe the differences between these two cohorts.MethodsOutcomes of patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≤3 cm who underwent lobectomy without induction therapy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-18 (SEER-18; January 2004 to December 2016) database were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling and propensity score-matched analysis.ResultsA total of 16,672 eligible NSCLC cases were found in the SEER database. The number of patients aged ≤60, 61–70, and ≥71 years was 3,930, 6,391, and 6,351, respectively. Among these patient groups, 527 (13.4%), 1,018 (15.9%), and 1,235 (19.4%) died of lung cancer during follow-up, while 357 (9.1%), 964 (15.1%) and 1,579 (25.2%) died of non-lung cancer diseases, respectively. The overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) rates of younger patients showed a significant survival advantage over older patients. After propensity-score matching (PSM) of patients aged ≤60 and ≥71 years using a ratio of 1:1, we found that 403 (12.9%) and 584 (18.7%) patients in the ≤60 and ≥71 years age groups died of lung cancer, respectively. The OS and LCSS rates of younger patients still exhibited a significant survival advantage over older patients.ConclusionsOlder patients with stage IA NSCLC have a worse prognosis compared with younger patients. Also, cancer-related causes were more frequent in older patients than non-cancer-related causes.     

Correlation between survivin expression and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: Survivin is a recently identified protein as an inhibitor of apoptosis, which supresses programmed cell death and regulates cell division. In this study, we investigated the prognostic significance of both nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and examined the association with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: The study comprised 58 male patients diagnosed NSCLC with a mean age of 57.29+/-8.82 years; range 40-76 years. Patients underwent lobectomy (64%) or pneumonectomy (36%) with hilar and mediastinal lymph node sampling. Paraffin embedded tumor sections were retrieved for evaluation of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of survivin. Clinicopathological data, stage and survival of patients were all determined. RESULTS: Cytoplasmic staining was found significantly increased in squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.003), whereas there was no association between nuclear staining and histopathological type (P=0.837). Also, both nuclear and cytoplasmic staining did not show any association with tumor stage (P>0.05). In univariate analysis there was significant correlation between nuclear survivin and short survival (P=0.0002). In multivariate survival analysis using Cox regression, only nuclear staining of survivin was determined as an independent prognostic factor (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Localization of survivin expression might have an important regulatory mechanism in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Nuclear survivin expression in tumor tissues might predict the prognosis in NSCLC, whereas cytoplasmic survivin has no prognostic significance.     

非小细胞肺癌中CCR7和CD62L表达及与淋巴结转移的关系

目的探讨CC趋化因子受体7(CCR7)和L-选择素(CD62L)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用免疫组化法检测80份NSCLC癌组织和20份癌旁正常肺组织标本中CCR7和CD62L表达,比较二者在淋巴结转移者与无淋巴结转移者中的阳性表达率。结果 NSCLC癌组织中CCR7和CD62L表达阳性率均明显高于癌旁正常肺组织(P均<0.05),且CCR7表达与CD62L表达有明显相关性(P<0.05)。有淋巴结转移者CCR7和CD62L表达阳性率均明显高于无淋巴结转移者(P均<0.05)。结论 NSCLC癌组织中CCR7和CD62L表达均上调,二者可能共同参与了NSCLC的淋巴结转移过程。     

着丝粒蛋白A在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的明确着丝粒蛋白A(CENP-A)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达情况,探讨CENP-A表达与NSCLC患者临床病理因素及术后生存期之间的关系。方法应用免疫组化方法检测CENP-A在66例NSCLC组织中的表达情况,并回顾性分析了66例NSCLC患者的临床资料,采用电话和信件随访的方式,了解患者术后生存情况。计数资料比较采用χ2检验,生存率分析采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,组间生存率比较用Logrank检验,多因素分析采用COX风险比例回归模型。结果 CENP-A在NSCLC中表达的总阳性率为65.15%,肺良性病变中CENP-A皆为阴性表达,两者之间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。高分化组与中低分化组之间的CENP-A总阳性率分别为38.89%、75.00%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),吸烟患者CENP-A总的阳性表达率(75.68%)与非吸烟患者(51.72%)比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),CENP-A的总的阳性表达率在患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、淋巴转移、TNM分期各组间的差异无显著性(P>0.05)。COX比例风险回归模型结果显示,患者术后生存时间与CENP-A的表达情况、淋巴结转移显著相关(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线提示CENP-A的阳性表达NSCLC患者3年以上生存率与CENP-A的阴性表达患者差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论 CENP-A在NSCLC组织中高表达;CENP-A在肿瘤组织分化程度高的NSCLC患者中的表达低于分化程度低的患者,吸烟患者的CENP-A阳性表达率高于非吸烟患者;CENP-A的阳性表达情况是影响NSCLC患者预后的危险因素。     

非小细胞肺癌性别差异的临床研究

目的 分析男性和女性非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者年龄、吸烟史、组织病理学类型、临床表现、临床分期及治疗方案等方面的不同.方法 回顾性分析上海长征医院2002年1月至2008年6月收治的921例确诊为肺癌的患者,分析男女NSCLC患者上述各方面的差异,统计学方法选用t检验和x2检验.结果 921例NSCLC患者中,男性647例,占70.2％,女性274例,占29.8％.女性确诊NSCLC早于男性[(57.9±11.4)岁vs(60.9±10.9)岁,P＜0.01],且女性腺癌患者的平均年龄亦低于男性腺癌患者[(57.9±11.6)岁vs(59.8±11.1)岁,P=0.041].男性鳞癌的比例明显高于女性(39.6％ vs 7.7％,P＜0.01),而女性中腺癌比例高于男性(88.7％ vs 55.2％,P＜0.01).在各型NSCLC患者中,男性吸烟的比例均高于女性(鳞癌:86.3％ vs 9.5％,P＜0.01;腺癌:68.1％ vs3.7％,P＜0.01;其他类型NSCLC:76.5％ vs 0.0％,P＜0.01),男性患者咯血的发生率高于女性(32.5％vs 18.6％,P=0.027).结论 NSCLC在男性中更为多发.女性发病早于男性,女性腺癌患者的平均年龄低于男性腺癌患者.男性中鳞癌比例高于女性,而女性中腺癌更为常见.各型NSCLC患者中,男性吸烟的比例均高于女性.     

非小细胞肺癌患者凝血功能变化与肿瘤恶性程度相关性分析

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌凝血指标、血小板计数的变化与肿瘤病理类型、分期、淋巴结及血行转移的关系,为临床预测和判断肺癌患者病情进展和转移情况提供依据。 方法选择2017年1月至2018年10月在本院接受治疗的99例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者作为观察组,同期体检健康人群40例作为对照组。将观察组根据患者病理类型分为鳞癌组(23例)、腺癌组(76例),分析两组研究对象的凝血功能、D-二聚体及血小板,及临床意义,并对比分析不同临床病理类型及分期患者凝血功能的变化情况。 结果与对照组相比,观察组PT(P<0.001)、INR(P<0.001)明显缩短,而FIB(P<0.001)、D-D(P<0.001)则明显升高;对观察组临床病理类型及分期患者分析发现,鳞癌比腺癌PT(P<0.001)、FIB(P＝0.002)、APTT(P＝0.028)、INR(P＝0.043)水平升高;与Ⅰ-Ⅲ期患者相比,Ⅳ期患者PT(P<0.001)、FIB(P<0.001)、APTT(P<0.001)升高;与N0患者相比,N1-3患者PT(P<0.001)、FIB(P<0.001)、APTT(P<0.001)升高;有无肺/胸膜外转移患者凝血指标水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。临床获益组化疗后与化疗前比较,PT、INR、D-D缩短(P＝0.007,P＝0.036,P＝0.034),TT延长(P＝0.013)。进展组化疗前后凝血指标水平差异无统计学意义。 结论NSCLC患者凝血功能普遍存在异常,且与病理类型、肿瘤分期具有一定的相关性,肺鳞癌、分期为晚期以及存在淋巴结转移的患者更易出现高凝状态;对于临床获益组而言,化疗可以使PT、INR缩短,TT延长,增加血栓事件发生的风险。