阿司匹林抗脑缺血/再灌注损伤的作用及机制

目的观察阿司匹林对大鼠脑缺血/再灌损伤72h的保护作用及机制。方法线栓法制作局部大脑缺血2h、再灌72h模型,观察60mg·kg-1阿司匹林对脑损伤面积、水肿程度及死亡率的影响;并从抗凋亡、能量代谢及钙调神经磷酸酶活性变化探讨其机制。结果阿司匹林明显缩小再灌注72h引起的脑损伤范围,减轻水肿,降低死亡率,明显降低脑细胞凋亡数目,提高Bcl2/Bax,改善能量代谢,抑制钙调神经磷酸酶的异常升高。结论阿司匹林对脑缺血/再灌损伤72h有明显保护作用,其机制可能与抗凋亡、提高Bcl2/Bax、改善能量代谢及对钙调神经磷酸酶的影响有关。     

对钙调神经磷酸酶有激活作用的火麻仁提取物改善化学药品诱发的小鼠学习记忆功能障碍

目的:观察对钙调神经磷酸酶有激活作用的火麻仁提取物对化学药品诱发的小鼠学习记忆功能障碍的改善作用。方法:以对硝基苯酚磷酸盐为底物,测定了火麻仁提取物对钙调神经磷酸酶的作用,利用东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠、乙醇和戊巴比妥钠造成小鼠学习记忆障碍,学习记忆功能检测采用小鼠跳台法和水迷宫法。结果:以牛脑中提取的钙调神经磷酸酶的比活力为100％,火麻仁提取物的浓度在10g/L时,对牛酶的最大激活达到35％±5％。化学药品如东莨菪碱、亚硝酸钠、45％乙醇和戊巴比妥钠均引起小鼠学习记忆功能障碍,主要表现为在跳台作业中潜伏期短,累计错误次数增多;在水迷宫中也同样出现了小鼠空间学习记忆障碍,用对钙调神经磷酸酶有激活作用的火麻仁提取物(0.2,0.4,0.8g/kg)连续给予(ig) 7 d,分别对上述改变有不同程度的改善作用。结论:对钙调神经磷酸酶有激活作用的火麻仁提取物能够改善化学药品诱发的小鼠学习记忆功能障碍。     

虎杖不同溶剂提取物对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制作用与酶动力学研究

目的:研究虎杖不同溶剂提取物对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制作用与酶动力学。方法:质量浓度分别为200、100、50μg/ml的虎杖总提取物、石油醚提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物、正丁醇提取物、水提取物与120μl黄嘌呤氧化酶(0.02 U/ml)作用于240μl黄嘌呤溶液(300μmol/L),采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定黄嘌呤氧化酶-黄嘌呤反应体系尿酸生成量,计算抑制率。以40、20、10、5μg/ml虎杖乙酸乙酯提取物与100、80、60、40μg/ml虎杖正丁醇提取物作用于240μl黄嘌呤溶液,采用HPLC法测定尿酸生成量。酶动力学研究采用双倒数作图法确定有效溶剂提取物的抑制类型,采用二次作图法求药物对游离酶的抑制常数(K)i、药物对酶底物络合物的抑制常数(Kis)。结果:质量浓度为200、100、50μg/ml时,虎杖乙酸乙酯、正丁醇提取物对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制率均大于50%;虎杖乙酸乙酯提取物的Ki和Kis分别为14.46、61.82μg/ml,虎杖正丁醇提取物的Ki和Kis分别为82.97、148.93μg/ml。结论:虎杖乙酸乙酯、正丁醇提取物对黄嘌呤氧化酶具有抑制作用,二者均为混合型抑制,对游离酶的抑制作用均强于对酶-底物复合物的抑制作用。该结论为虎杖治疗痛风的新药开发和抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶作用有效成分研究提供了依据。     

钙调磷酸酶及其抑制剂的研究进展

钙调磷酸酶(calcineurin,CaN)是迄今发现的唯一受Ca2+或钙调素(CaM)调节的丝/苏氨酸蛋白磷酸酶,参与多种细胞功能的调节,而钙调磷酸酶抑制剂(calcineurin inhibitors,CNIs)可能是目前临床上最有效的免疫抑制药物。为了更全面地认识钙调磷酸酶及其抑制剂,该文对近年来钙调磷酸酶及其抑制剂的研究进展进行了综述。     

镉诱导HEK293细胞胞内钙稳态的失调引发细胞凋亡

目的　研究镉诱导HEK2 93细胞钙稳态失调及其引发细胞凋亡的机制。方法　通过吖啶橙 /溴乙锭双荧光染色法检测细胞凋亡 ,并通过MTT法检测细胞生长抑制 ;以Fluo 3/AM和Fura 2 /AM为探针检测胞浆内游离钙离子浓度 ([Ca2 +]i)的变化 ;使用钙调磷酸酶试剂盒测定镉对钙调磷酸酶活性的影响。结果　镉诱导HEK2 93细胞的凋亡和生长抑制呈浓度依赖性 ;镉通过引发胞内钙库的释放后引起胞外钙离子内流 ;钙信号阻断剂能显著地抑制镉引起的细胞凋亡 ;镉使胞内钙调磷酸酶的活性显著增加。结论　 [Ca2 +]i 升高使钙调磷酸酶活化可能在镉引发细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用。     

甘草黄酮醇降尿酸及抑制氧化应激作用及其机制研究

目的 探究甘草黄酮醇(licoflavonol,LCF)降尿酸及抑制氧化应激作用及其机制。方法 建立腺苷诱导肾小管上皮细胞NRK-52E的高尿酸细胞模型,给予1.25,5,20μmol·L^–1 LCF,利用HPLC检测培养液中尿酸、次黄嘌呤、黄嘌呤、腺嘌呤、肌苷、腺苷含量。使用15 mg·dL^–1尿酸诱导NRK-52E细胞氧化应激损伤,同时给予1.5,5,15μmol·L^–1 LCF处理24 h,试剂盒测定细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活力及还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)及过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的含量。通过分子对接预测LCF与黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase,XO)的结合活性。进一步通过微量热泳动技术(microscale thermophoresis,MST)探究LCF和XO的结合能力。结果 LCF可降低腺苷诱导的细...     

钙调神经磷酸酶在大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化中的作用

目的:钙调神经磷酸酶是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸酶,此磷酸酶被激活后可去磷酸化许多底物蛋白,如钙通道、AMPA受体、NMDA受体、突触蛋白I、多巴胺和环磷酸腺苷调节磷蛋白32(DARPP32)以及环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)等,通过调节这些目标靶蛋白而参与神经元突触可塑性的调节。反复给予精神兴奋剂能够导致动物自发活动逐渐增加的现象称为行为敏化,它是用以研究药物成瘾后反复、连续的强迫性用药行为的一种动物模型,能够为临床研究成瘾者强迫性用药以及复吸提供理论基础。本文目的在于研究钙调神经磷酸酶在大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化中的作用。方法:1)系统给予钙调神经磷酸酶的抑制剂环孢素A,考察钙调神经磷酸酶在大鼠甲基苯丙胺行为敏化形成中的作用。SD大鼠分为四组:生理盐水+溶媒组,生理盐水+环孢素A组,甲基苯丙胺+溶媒组,甲基苯丙胺+环孢素A组,每日给予大鼠生理盐水/甲基苯丙胺(1mg·kg-1ip)注射,注射前90min给予环孢素A(15mg·kg-1,ip)溶媒处理,注射后立即进行2h自发活动的测定,连续14d。2)考察钙调神经磷酸酶的抑制剂对于甲基苯丙胺诱导的大鼠自发活动的影响。SD大鼠分为两组:生理盐水+溶媒组,生理盐水+环孢素A组,每日给予大鼠注射生理盐水(1mg·kg-1),注射前90min给予环孢素A(15mg·kg-1,ip)/溶媒处理,注射后立即进行2h自发活动的测定,连续14d,考察系统给予环孢素A对于大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化形成的影响。在d15进行甲基苯丙胺(1mg·kg-1)的challenge,考察环孢素A预处理之后,大鼠对甲基苯丙胺诱导的自发活动的影响。3)VTA微注射环孢素A,考察钙调磷酸酶对于大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化的作用。SD大鼠分为四组:生理盐水+溶媒组,生理盐水+环孢素A组,甲基苯丙胺+溶媒组,甲基苯丙胺+环孢素A组,每日给予大鼠生理盐水/甲基苯丙胺(1mg·kg-1ip)注射,注射前90minVTA微注射环孢素A(1μg/侧)/溶媒(DMSO)处理(隔日微注射一次),注射后立即进行2h自发活动的测定,连续14d,考察VTA微注射环孢素A对大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化形成的影响。4)VTA微注射环孢素A对于甲基苯丙胺诱导的大鼠自发活动的影响。SD大鼠分为两组:生理盐水+溶媒组,生理盐水+环孢素A组,每日给予大鼠注射生理盐水(1mg·kg-1),注射前90min VTA微注射环孢素A(15mg·kg-1,ip)/溶媒处理(隔日微注射一次),注射后立即进行2h自发活动的测定,连续14d。在d15进行甲基苯丙胺(1mg·kg-1)的challenge,考察VTA微注射环孢素A预处理之后对大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的自发活动的影响。结果:系统给予钙调磷酸酶的抑制剂环孢素A能够抑制大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化的形成,环孢素A预处理对大鼠自发活动没有影响。d15给予甲基苯丙胺challenge能够显著增加大鼠自发活动,但环孢素A预处理对甲基苯丙胺急性处理诱导的大鼠自发活动增高没有影响。VTA微注射环孢素A亦能够抑制大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化的形成,而VTA环孢素A预处理对于甲基苯丙胺急性处理诱导的大鼠自发活动增加亦没有影响。结论:钙调磷酸酶的激活,特别是在中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA),可能参与了大鼠甲基苯丙胺诱导的行为敏化过程,并且对突触可塑性的调节具有重要作用。     

云芝多糖对脑、肝组织的抗氧化作用研究

目的　探讨中药云芝多糖对脑、肝组织抗氧化作用的影响及机制。方法　以SD大鼠和昆明小鼠为动物模型 ,采用Fe H2 O2 诱导大脑皮层组织和肝组织匀浆的脂氢过氧化反应及黄嘌呤氧化酶体系释放自由基超氧阴离子 (O·2 ) ,以改良的邻苯三酚自氧化法、DNTB直接法测定脑组织抗氧化酶活性及原位杂交法检测脑组织硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (SeG Px)mRNA表达。结果　云芝多糖有提高脑组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、SeGPx和非硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (non SeGPx)抗氧化酶活性 ,增加SeGPxmRNA表达 ,降低脑、肝组织Fe H2 O2 引发的脂氢过氧化反应和黄嘌呤氧化酶体系产生的O·2 。结论　云芝多糖可提高鼠大脑皮层、肝组织的抗氧化作用 ,对开发应用多糖类药物防治神经系统疾病、延缓衰老提供实验依据     

西红花酸体内外抗氧化作用的研究

目的研究西红花酸体内外抗氧化作用,以探讨其抗AS作用机制。方法采用次黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶反应体系产生O2-,观察西红花酸对O2-的清除作用;分离LDL,观察西红花酸对铜离子诱导的LDL氧化的影响;大鼠灌胃给予西红花酸,观察其对血清TAC及SOD、GPX等抗氧化酶活性、血清氧化易感性的影响。结果西红花酸能有效清除次黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶反应体系产生的O2-,抑制铜离子诱导的LDL氧化修饰。西红花酸能明显提高大鼠血清SOD、GPX等抗氧化酶活性,提高血清抗氧化能力。结论西红花酸具有良好的体内外抗氧化活性,能明显提高血清及LDL抗氧化能力,这可能是其抑制AS主要机制之一。     

胡黄连素硝酮对大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用及机制研究

目的探讨胡黄连素硝酮衍生物(AN-1)在保护叔丁基过氧化氢诱导的RAW 264.7细胞中的抗氧化作用及对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用。方法 MTT法测定AN-1对叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BHP)诱导的RAW264.7细胞损伤的保护作用。活性氧(ROS)敏感的荧光探针2',7'-二氢二氯荧光素(DCFH-DA,20μmol.L-1)标记细胞,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察活性氧强弱。Western blot法检测NADPH氧化酶亚基gp91phox表达。通过气管内滴注LPS建立大鼠急性肺损伤模型,胡黄连素(apocynin)及AN-1治疗两周,HE染色病理切片观察LPS诱导的急性肺损伤模型大鼠的肺组织切片,检测肺组织中总超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性变化。结果 AN-1在1和10μmol.L-1时可明显保护t-BHP诱导的细胞损伤,且在10μmol.L-1时作用效果最明显。AN-1呈剂量依赖性地减少t-BHP诱导RAW264.7细胞中ROS的产生,下调NADPH氧化酶亚基gp91phox的表达,病理切片显示AN-1给药两周对LPS诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤有明显的治疗作用并能提高肺组织中SOD的活性。结论胡黄连素硝酮衍生物通过下调NADPH氧化酶亚基gp91phox和清除细胞内ROS保护RAW 264.7细胞的氧化损伤,并且能明显改善LPS诱导的大鼠急性肺损伤,是治疗急性肺损伤潜在的药物。     

Inhibition of gastric glucosamine synthetase activity by oxygen radicals: a possible cause of decreased mucosal protective capacity.

To clarify the role of oxygen radicals in the mucus metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract, the effect of oxygen radicals on the activity of glucosamine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme of mucus synthesis, was investigated using homogenate derived from rat gastric mucosa. The simultaneous addition of both xanthine and xanthine oxidase caused a significant inhibition of the enzyme activity, and this decrease was counteracted by catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase. Hydrogen peroxide also caused a significant decrease in the enzyme activity; and this effect of hydrogen peroxide was counteracted by catalase and dithiothreitol, but not by mannitol, dimethyl sulfoxide and reduced glutathione. The inhibition of glucosamine synthetase activity by oxygen radicals is considered to be caused by the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of the enzyme molecule. The present results also suggest that oxygen radicals in the gastrointestinal tract may induce the suppression of a protective mechanism of the gastric mucosa by inhibiting glucosamine synthesis activity.     

Cooperative stimulation by sulfite and crocidolite asbestos fibres of enzyme catalyzed production of reactive oxygen species

Methylthioketobutyric acid has been used as an indicator for the production of reactive oxygen species during incubation with xanthine oxidase or NADH diaphorase in the presence of an autooxidizable quinone. The production of OH-radical-type oxidants is enhanced in the presence of crocidolite but not by the asbestos types chrysotile or amosite. This activity of crocidolite in the diaphorase system is further stimulated by bisulfite. Crocidolite-dependent ethylene formation from methylthioketobutyric acid is inhibited by both superoxide dismutase and catalase. In the presence of both crocidolite and bisulfite, however, the inhibition by superoxide dismutase is preserved, but the inhibition by catalase is lost. Since in some respect the NADH-diaphorase quinone system may reflect the situation in the activated macrophage, crocidolite activation may represent a biochemical model system describing potential asbestos toxicity.Abbreviations SOD Superoxide dismutase - KMB methylthioketobutyrate - XOD xanthine oxidase     

Chromosomal aberrations in V79 cells induced by superoxide radical generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system

The effect of the superoxide radical, generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, on chromosomal mutation was examined in Chinese hamster V79 cells. When cells were treated with this system for 1 h in Hanks' solution, the incidence of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations was increased with hypoxanthine at concentrations of 2.5 to 10 micrograms/ml. On the other hand, in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) or MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, only hypoxanthine at 5 micrograms/ml plus xanthine oxidase induced chromosomal aberrations and higher concentrations of hypoxanthine were cytotoxic to V79 cells. The increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the cytotoxicity of hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase were not affected by superoxide dismutase, but were strongly inhibited by catalase.     

Sustained contraction and endothelial dysfunction induced by reactive oxygen species in porcine coronary artery

A combination of purine and xanthine oxidase (XOD) dose-dependently elicited sustained contraction of porcine coronary arterial rings and resulted in increased concentrations of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. These contractile responses appeared, with a delay, after the application of purine and XOD, used as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating system. Coronary arteries precontracted with prostaglandin F(2alpha) failed to relax in response to substance P after exposing the arterial preparation to this ROS-generating system. The contractile response of the coronary artery to the ROS-generating system was almost completely inhibited by catalase (130 U/ml), and was partially inhibited by superoxide dismutase (60 U/ml), or mannitol (30 mM). A voltage-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channel antagonist, nicardipine, had no effect on contraction. Dysfunction of endothelial cells was completely prevented by catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase or mannitol. These results suggest that superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals might be involved in eliciting sustained, delayed-onset coronary artery contraction, which is not related to L-type Ca(2+) channels. They also suggest that hydrogen peroxide might play a major role in endothelial dysfunction of the porcine coronary artery.     

Mechanisms for the induction of oxidative stress in Syrian hamster embryo cells by acrylonitrile.

Chronic administration of acrylonitrile to rats resulted in an increase in the incidence of glial neoplasms of the brain. Recent studies have shown that acrylonitrile induces oxidative stress in rat brain and cultured rat glial cells. Acrylonitrile also induces morphological transformation concomitant with an increase in the formation of oxidized DNA in Syrian Hamster Embryo (SHE) cells in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanism for the induction of oxidative stress in SHE cells remains unresolved. The present study examined the effects of acrylonitrile on enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants in SHE cells. SHE cells were treated with subcytolethal doses of acrylonitrile (0, 25, 50, and 75 microg/ml) for 4, 24, and 48 h. Acrylonitrile (50 microg/ml and 75 microg/ml) increased the amount of reactive oxygen species in SHE cells at all time points. Glutathione (GSH) was depleted and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in SHE cells after 4 h of treatment. The inhibition of these antioxidants was temporal, returning to control values or higher after 24 and 48 h. Xanthine oxidase activity was increased following 24 and 48 h treatment with acrylonitrile. 1-aminobenzotriazole, a suicidal P450 enzyme inhibitor, attenuated the effects of acrylonitrile on catalase and xanthine oxidase in SHE cells, suggesting that P450 metabolism is required for acrylonitrile to produce its effects on these enzymes. Additional studies showed that in the absence of metabolic sources acrylonitrile had no effect on either catalase or superoxide dismutase activity. These results suggest that the induction of oxidative stress by acrylonitrile involves a temporal decrease in antioxidants and increase in xanthine oxidase activity that is mediated by oxidative metabolism of acrylonitrile.     

Possible mechanism responsible for allopurinol-nephrotoxicity: lipid peroxidation and systems of producing- and scavenging oxygen radicals

In order to elucidate toxic and protective mechanisms responsible for allopurinol-induced nephrotoxicity in rats, we investigated changes in plasma creatinine concentration, renal lipid peroxidation, and renal activities of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase, as enzymatic factors in producing and scavenging oxygen radicals. The rats received subcutaneous injections of allopurinol in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, once a day for 3 days. In comparison to the control rats, the following changes were observed in the allopurinol-administered rats: an increase in plasma creatinine concentration, increases in renal contents of malonaldehyde, hypoxanthine and xanthine, and an increase of renal activity of xanthine oxidase, and decreases in renal activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Peaks in these changes were observed coincidentally on the third day after the administration of the drug was started. Afterwards, these parameters all returned to the control levels. These results strongly suggested that the allopurinol nephrotoxicity was attributed to the increase of lipid peroxidation which had been caused both by an increase in the ability of producing the oxygen radicals and by a decrease in the ability of scavenging the radicals.     

Changes in lipid peroxidation and activities of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in kidneys of cephaloridine-administered rats

To elucidate the toxic and protective mechanisms responsible for cephaloridine (CER)-induced nephrotoxicity, changes in renal formation of malondialdehyde and renal activities of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were mainly investigated for 15 days in rats that received single intravenous injections of CER in doses of 100 and 1,000 mg/kg body weight. In the 100 mg/kg group, the above items determined remained within the control levels. In the 1,000 mg/kg group, renal formation of malondialdehyde was observed to be accelerated with the following two stages: highly in the early stage (the 3rd hour to the 2nd day, especially at the 3rd hour) and more highly in the late stage (the 2nd to the 7th day). Concerning the other items determined, significantly different changes were hardly observed in the 1,000 mg/kg group within the 12th hour of the early stage, while the rises in renal activities of xanthine oxidase and falls in renal activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were observed in the late stage. These results suggested that the increment in malondialdehyde formation in the late stage might be explained enzymatically by both the rises in the activities of xanthine oxidase and the declines in the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and that those in the early stage did not relate directly to the above renal enzymatic systems.     

Stimulation of the active transport of serotonin into human platelets by hydrogen peroxide

The effect of H2O2 on the active transport of serotonin (5-HT) by human platelets was investigated. Platelets were exposed to either a single dose of H2O2 or to H2O2 generated by the glucose/glucose oxidase or xanthine/xanthine oxidase enzyme systems. H2O2 (12.5 to 100 microM) produced a rapid, concentration-dependent and time-dependent increase in 5-HT transport which was maximal after a 2-min incubation and decreased with continued incubation. Catalase (1000 units) completely prevented H2O2-induced stimulation, and fluoxetine (1 microM) totally blocked 5-HT uptake into stimulated platelets. The glucose/glucose oxidase (3.12 to 100 milliunits) and the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, superoxide dismutase (250 units) failed to alter the stimulation, whereas catalase (1000 units) effectively prevented the response. The kinetics of 5-HT transport indicated that H2O2 treatment did not alter the Km of 5-HT transport (Km control = 1.0 +/- 0.2 x 10(-6) M vs Km H2O2 = 1.1 +/- 0.1 x 10(-6) M) but markedly increased the maximal rate of 5-HT transport (Vmax control = 131.4 +/- 4.6 pmol/10(8) platelets/4 min vs Vmax H2O2 = 206.7 +/- 9.1 pmol/10(8) platelets/4 min). These data demonstrated that exposure of human platelets to H2O2 resulted in a stimulation of the active transport of 5-HT and suggested that H2O2 may function to regulate this process.     

Synthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging activity of halogenated alkaloids from boldine

Six halogenated alkaloids have been semi-synthesized from natural boldine as starting material. Their antioxidant activity toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by neutrophils stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and in the hypoxanthine–xanthine oxidase system was evaluated. Most of the alkaloids synthesized inhibited ROS generation in both systems in a concentration-dependent manner. The alkaloids with phenolic substituents displayed more powerful anti-oxidative activity than those containing methoxylated groups. None of the alkaloids assayed had any effect on xanthine oxidase activity. Therefore, halogenated phenanthrene alkaloids can become in promising candidates for the development of novel and potent anti-inflammatory drugs.