Factors Associated with Denial in a Sample of Alleged Adult Sexual Offenders

This study examined the relationship between denial and a number of demographic, adjudication, and personality variables in a sample of 114 sexual offenders against children. Subjects were assessed using the MMPI, the MSI-2, and other measures of sexual interest. Deniers displayed a fake-good style of responding and demonstrated a greater degree of defensiveness than admitters. Deniers also endorsed less pathology on the MMPI clinical scales. These differences held after controlling for IQ and degree of defensiveness, suggesting that deniers approached the assessment situation in a different manner than admitters. Deniers were younger and scored lower on intelligence tests than admitters. A logistic regression predicting admitting status and employing as independent variables two MMPI special scales and a stimulus category from the card sort resulted in an overall correct prediction rate of 73%. Implications for future research with this population are provided.     

Factors Associated With Meningioma Detected in a Population-Based Sample

Objective

To determine the frequency of incidental meningioma and identify associated factors in a population-based sample of participants who systematically underwent brain imaging.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with the Use of Illicit Substances among Male University Students in Kuwait

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of illicit use of substances and identify the factors associated with illicit drug use among male students in the state-run Kuwait University and private universities in Kuwait.

Subjects and Methods

The study was a cross-sectional survey with a sample of 1,587 male students from both private universities (n = 869) and the public (n = 718) Kuwait University in Kuwait. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Overall lifetime prevalence of substance use was computed with 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression was used to identify the factors influencing substance use, which was adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

The total lifetime prevalence of illicit drug use was 14.4% and the most frequently used illicit substance was marijuana (11%). The substance use in general varied significantly (p ≤ 0.001) between private (18%) and public (10%) universities. Multivariate logistic regression model revealed that drug use was positively associated with age, poor academic performance, high family income, being an only child, divorced parents, and graduation from a private high school.

Conclusion

Drug use among male university students in Kuwait was high and requires attention and appropriate intervention. The factors identified with drug use in this study could be utilized to develop appropriate public health policies and preventive measures that may improve the health status of the student population.Key Words: Prevalence, Illicit stimulants, Substance abuse, College students     

Factors Associated with Changes in Knowledge and Attitude towards Public Health Concepts among Chiropractic College Students Enrolled in a Community Health Class

Purpose:

This survey was conducted to identify factors that may be associated with changes in knowledge and attitudes towards basic health promotion and public health concepts among chiropractic students enrolled in a course in community health.

Methods:

Anonymous surveys were conducted of students before and after a second-year chiropractic college course in community health. Results were analyzed using percentages and Chi Square statistics as appropriate.

Results:

Students'' knowledge of health promotion and public health concepts improved significantly by the end of the course. Students'' attitudes towards these also improved, although to a lesser degree. Students indicated that they had a favorable impression of the importance of utilizing health promotion in practice and working with other public health professionals. However, vaccinations were still looked upon unfavorably by half of the students by the end of the course. Pre-class, a positive attitude towards public health concepts was associated with being female, older, Latino, having children, having a poorer perceived health status, conservative politically and religious. These differences tended to lessen by the end of the course.

Conclusion:

A course in community health was successful in adding to students'' knowledge and positive attitudes towards health promotion and public health. However, additional educational strategies are needed to ensure changes in future practice behavior, particularly in the area of vaccinationsKey Indexing Terms: Public Health, Health Education, Chiropractic, Students     

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Functional Limitations during Aging in a Representative Sample of Spanish Population

ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the prevalence of functional limitations; and to examine associations between Body Mass Index, age, gender and functional limitations, in a Spanish National representative sample. Patients & methods: This cross-sectional study was based on data drawn from all the participants in the 2014 European Health Survey over 65 years old (N = 5,970). Results: Data showed the men had better perceptions of their functional limitations than women. In the four variables analyzed, men reported fewer limitations than women. Body Mass Index, age and gender were significant predictors of functional limitations. Over 90 years, Body Mass Index was a significant predictor of functional limitation for all activities. Conclusions: Women aged 75 years and older and men starting from 90 years showed high difficulty walking, climbing stairs, bending and carrying loads of 5 kilogrames. In fact gender as a much more important predictor of functional limitations than Body Mass Index.     

Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Adherence to Referrals From the Pediatric Emergency Department

BackgroundOutpatient referrals constitute a critical component of emergency medical care. However, barriers to care after emergency department (ED) visits have not been investigated thoroughly.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the impact of sociodemographic variables on referral attendance after ED visits.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was designed. Patients aged 0–17 years who visited the C.S. Mott Children's Hospital ED in 2016 and received a referral were included. Multiple referrals for 1 patient were counted as independent encounters for statistical analysis.ResultsChart review was performed on 6120 pediatric ED encounters, producing a total of 822 referrals to University of Michigan Health System outpatient clinics. Referral attendance did not differ by race, ethnicity, language, or religion. Older age was associated with decreased attendance at referrals (p = 0.043). Patients who were black and female (p = 0.019), patients with public health insurance (p = 0.004), and patients residing in areas with either high rates of unemployment (p = 0.003), or lower high school education rates (p = 0.006) demonstrated decreased attendance. Patients referred to pediatric neurology had lower attendance rates (p < 0.001), and those referred to pediatric orthopedic surgery attended referrals more often (p = 0.006).ConclusionsThis study provides an overview of the impact of sociodemographic and departmental factors on attendance at outpatient follow-up referrals. Significant disparities exist with respect to referral attendance after emergency medical care. Informed resource allocation may be utilized to improve care for these at-risk patient populations.     

护生艾滋病知识与态度的调查分析

目的 了解护生对艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)知识的掌握情况及对AIDS患者的态度。方法 采用自行设计的问卷对203名即将进入临床实习的护生进行调查。结果 护生AIDS知识分数为(8.7±1.8),对HIV经性、静脉途径传播的认识正确率高,对不会传播HIV的途径回答正确率低。态度分值为(44.2±3.4),其中同意HIV感染者在社区应该被隔离者占91％,86％害怕护理AIDS患者时被感染,愿意去护理AIDS患者的为47.3％。知识与态度之间有显著的正相关性(r=0.17,P=0.013)。结论 护生对AIDS存在错误的认识,害怕护理患者时被感染的心理普遍存在,护理AIDS患者的意愿不高。对护生开展针对性AIDS专题培训很有必要。     

不同学科的高校学生艾滋病知识比较分析

目的 :比较不同学科大学生对艾滋病防治知识的知晓程度。方法 :采用问卷调查方法对宜春学院在校大学生进行调查。结果 :医学生对艾滋病防治知识了解程度最高 ,文科生最低 ,理、工、农学学生的艾滋病防治知识知晓程度介于两者之间 ,男女生之间的差别无统计学意义。结论 :学校应根据不同学科学生了解艾滋病程度特点进行艾滋病防治知识的健康教育     

本科护生艾滋病知识掌握情况与其对艾滋病患者态度的调查分析

目的：在距《中国预防与控制艾滋病中长期规划（1998—2010年）》目标时间三年之际．了解本科护生艾滋病知识掌握情况与其对艾滋病患者的态度。方法：采用现场问卷的方式，对205名本科护生进行艾滋病知识与态度匿名问卷调查。结果：护生的艾滋病知识15道题目中有2道普及率低于60％，有4道普及率在60％-80％之间；护生的艾滋病态度调查显示98．54％的同学愿意在工作中宣传防治艾滋病的知识，63．90％的同学担心将来接触艾滋病患者会受感染，33．66％的同学认为艾滋病患者应该被隔离。结论：护生对艾滋病知识掌握不够全面，愿意参加艾滋病防治工作．但对艾滋病有恐惧心理，需多渠道强化护生艾滋病知识，使其在艾滋病防治中发挥应有的作用。     

Association of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors With Sociodemographic Characteristics and Health Beliefs Among a Community-Based Sample of African American Adults in Minnesota

ObjectiveTo assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD risk factors and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and health beliefs among African American (AA) adults in Minnesota.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted of a community-based sample of AA adults enrolled in the Minnesota Heart Health Program Ask About Aspirin study from May 2019 to September 2019. Sociodemographic characteristics, health beliefs, and self-reported CVD and CVD risk factors were collected. Prevalence ratio (PR) estimates were calculated using Poisson regression modeling to assess the association between participants’ characteristics and age- and sex-adjusted CVD risk factors.ResultsThe sample included 644 individuals (64% [412] women) with a mean age of 61 years. Risk factors for CVD were common: hypertension (67% [434]), hyperlipidemia (47% [301]), diabetes (34% [219]), and current cigarette smoking (25% [163]); 19% (119) had CVD. Those with greater perceived CVD risk had a higher likelihood of prevalent hyperlipidemia (PR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.57), diabetes (PR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.30 to 1.98), and CVD (PR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.23) compared with those with lower perceived risk. Trust in health care provider was high (83% [535]) but was not associated with CVD or CVD risk factors.ConclusionIn this community sample of AAs in Minnesota, CVD risk factors were high, as was trust in health care providers. Those with greater CVD risk perceptions had higher CVD prevalence. Consideration of sociodemographic and psychosocial influences on CVD and CVD risk factors could inform development of effective cardiovascular health promotion interventions in the AA Minnesota community.     

杭州市某高校大学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为调查

目的　了解大学生对艾滋病 (AIDS)相关知识的认知、态度和行为状况 ,为今后改进健康教育模式提供科学依据。方法　在杭州市某高校 ,随机抽取 2 5 5名二、三年级学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查 ,内容包括AIDS相关知识、态度和行为 ,获得AIDS相关知识的途径与易于接受AIDS知识的宣传方式等。结果　该校学生对AIDS传播途径的知晓率为 87 5 0 % ,对AIDS预防措施的知晓率为 72 15 % ;85 %的学生表示愿意为了避免感染性病 /艾滋病而使用安全套 ;对于涉及隐私的问题 ,2 8. 33%的学生拒绝回答 ;99. 17%的学生认为有必要进行艾滋病健康教育 ;报刊、杂志 ,广播、电视 ,网络是他们获取AIDS知识的主要途径 ;电影、专题讲座、录像、宣传读本是大学生易于接受的健康教育方式。结论　当前大学生对艾滋病基本知识的认识水平尚可 ,但对AIDS的态度仍有不足 ,对该人群开展针对性强的宣传教育活动的同时 ,促进该群体对AIDS态度的转变 ,进而改变该群体的行为。     

Thoracic Spine Pain and Factors Associated in High School Students

BackgroundThoracic spine pain (TSP) is relatively common in children and adolescents.AimsTo determine the prevalence of TSP in adolescents and analyze its association with sociodemographic characteristics, use of electronic devices, physical activity, and mental health.DesignCross-sectional epidemiological study.SettingA high school in Bauru City, São Paulo, Brazil.Participants/SubjectsIn total, 1,628 students aged 14-18 years.MethodsParticipants were selected by cluster sampling in two stages, and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data regarding the following were collected: (1) sociodemographic aspects; (2) use of electronic devices; (3) regular physical activity level; (4) mental health; and (5) TSP.ResultsThe prevalence of TSP was 51.5% (95% confidence interval, 49.1-53.9) and the variables associated with TSP were female participant sex (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.96; 1.61-2.38), use of computers for >3 hours per day (PR = 1.29; 1.01-1.66), use of computers >3 times per week (PR = 1.35; 1.03-1.75), use of cell phones in a semi-lying position (PR = 1.37; 1.11-1.69), use of cell phones for >3 hours per day (PR = 1.44; 1.12-1.85), use of tablets in the sitting position (PR = 1.47; 1.07-2.01), and presence of mental health problems (PR = 2.10; 1.63–2.70). Physical activity was a protective factor (PR = 0.84; 0.73-0.96).ConclusionsThere is a high prevalence of TSP in adolescents, with a marked association with female participant sex, use of electronic devices, and presence of mental health problems Physical activity is a protective factor. Understanding the relationship between risk factors and adolescent spinal pain may be important in both the prevention and treatment of spinal pain in this age group.     

南昌市某高校大学生艾滋病相关知识态度调查分析

目的对在校大学生艾滋病相关知识态度进行分析,使大学生开展艾滋病的健康教育更据针对性。方法以分层随机抽样的方法,采取自填式不记名问卷调查。结果97.3%（584/600）的学生知道艾滋病是一种传染病,而对于专业问题的回答上,男生和女生存在显著性的差异（P〈0.05）,女生的知晓率明显高于男生。对艾滋病三大传播途径血液、性接触、母婴传播的知晓率分别为96.0%、94.2%、93.8%。而对于日常接触如与艾滋病人进餐、拥抱等知晓率较低。对日常接触传播途径的认识,男生与女生存在明显差异（P〈0.05）,女生的知晓率比男生高。大学生获得艾滋病知识的主要途径为电视、报刊等大众传媒,而从学校、家庭方面获得的信息较少。88.2%的学生表示对艾滋病人不歧视,90.3%的学生表示愿意帮助艾滋病人,但是表示愿意与其共同学习及用餐的仅分别为49.6%、43.1%。结论大学生对于艾滋病基本知识有一定的了解,但对专业性认识不够,且对传播途径的认识存在很大的欠缺,学校有必要加强学生艾滋病知识的健康教育。     

Evaluating Dysmenorrhea in a Sample of Turkish Nursing Students

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and symptoms of dysmenorrhea, its relevant factors, and the rate of seeking medical help in a group of nursing students. A total of 380 students were included in the study. The demographic data questionnaire, a Daily Menstrual Symptom Rating Scale (DMSR), and the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VASP) were used as tools for data collection. The mean age of the participants was 20.31 ± 1.10 years. Most students had experienced dysmenorrhea (84.9%). Menstrual pain was frequently initiated on the first day of menstruation (77.8%). The most commonly reported menstrual problems were irregular menstrual cycles (27.2%) and oligomenorrhea (15.1%). Only 24.1% of students consulted their physicians for dysmenorrhea. The participants who had dysmenorrhea had significantly higher symptom scores than the participants who had not had dysmenorrhea, in terms of decreased activities, tension, hip and abdominal pain, backache, headache, and fatigue. Also, having a sister with dysmenorrhea increased the risk of dysmenorrhea. Although dysmenorrhea is a gynecological problem that is commonly seen in young women and that negatively affects daily activities and school life, the rate of seeking medical help is low. Adolescents should, therefore, be educated and counseled to determine the underlying cause and to increase the use of an effective treatment method. Considering that nurses should be better informed about dysmenorrhea causes and treatment options, a study of nursing students was undertaken.     

温州市某校高中生艾滋病知信行调查

目的 了解温州市高中学生艾滋病相关知知信行现状,为开展艾滋病健康教育提供科学依据.方法 采用随机抽样方法 在温州城郊结合区的一所重点中学高一、高二30个班级中随机抽取560名学生,通过不记名自填问卷方式对其艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为及希望获取艾滋病相关知识的途径进行调查.结果 实际调查高中生550名.温州市某区高中学生艾滋病知识知晓率低,知识掌握参差不齐.对艾滋病的相关态度:92%还是能表示同情,97.8%认为洁身自爱,遵守性道德是预防艾滋病的有力措施,但仅36.9%会主动把知道艾滋病知识告诉他人.对艾滋病的知识需求:90%以上认为有必要掌握艾滋病基本知识,其中学生最不愿意从亲朋好友那里获得艾滋病的预防知识,需求率仅为31.6%.结论 温州市某区高中学生渴望获取更多的艾滋病预防知识,态度未够积极,相关预防行为掌握不够,对艾滋病患者或感染者存在着恐惧和歧视的倾向.应充分利用多媒体教学,结合墙报、宣传栏等多种方式来增加学生艾滋病预防知识,培养学生正确对待艾滋病患者和感染者.     

军医大学学生干眼现状及相关因素分析

目的调查军校学生的干眼现状并进行相关因素分析.方法2018年12月整群抽样选取某军医大学各年级在校学生为研究对象,采用问卷法进行有关干眼现状调查并分析干眼的影响因素.结果回收有效问卷687份,其中男性644名占93.7%,女性43名占6.3%.眼表疾病指数(ocular surface disease index,OSDI)检测结果显示,本组研究对象干眼患病率为45.9%(315/687),其中轻度干眼体征者为35.2%(242/687)、中度干眼体征者为8.9%(61/687)、重度干眼体征者为1.8%(12/687).Logistic回归结果显示:精神焦虑紧张、有近视矫正史者患干眼概率大,高年级学生相对于低年级学生患干眼概率低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论某军医大学学生尤其是低年级学生干眼患病率高,精神焦虑紧张、近视矫正是干眼危险因素.建议根据军医大学学习、训练的特殊性,加强干眼相关知识及预防措施的宣教,以预防干眼的发生或加重.