多囊卵巢综合征与1型糖尿病

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄期女性常见的内分泌失调性疾病,其病因可能与高胰岛素血症或胰岛素抵抗以及高雄激素血症有关.1型糖尿病患者高胰岛素血症及多囊卵巢综合征发病率较高,这与临床治疗所采取的措施密切相关.只要卵巢和肾上腺处于高胰岛素环境,1型糖尿病患者的多囊卵巢综合征发病率即升高,故治疗1型糖尿病也应重视高雄激素血症.针对1型糖尿病的高雄激素血症和多囊卵巢综合征较为理想的预防和治疗方案还需要更深入的研究.     

青春期多囊卵巢综合征的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征（ PCOS）是育龄期女性常见的内分泌疾病,主要表现为月经稀发、痤疮、多毛、肥胖、黑棘皮症等,其一旦确诊意味着远期发生不孕、子宫内膜增生/肿瘤、代谢综合征、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的风险增高。 PCOS的发病从青春期开始,严重危害着青春期女性身体健康的同时也给其造成了一定的心理问题。青春期PCOS的发病机制中,胰岛素抵抗及高雄激素起至关重要的作用,青春期PCOS的诊断标准在临床上已具有较大的认可度,但仍需要进一步证实,治疗干预则首先从调整生活方式做起,辅以药物治疗,而患病人群心理干预的重要性也逐渐为研究者所重视。该文主要针对青春期PCOS的最新研究成果展开讨论,从发病机制的研究进展、诊断标准的变迁、目前的治疗策略进行逐项分析。     

青春期多囊卵巢综合征的筛查

多囊卵巢综合征好发于青春期,以高雄激素血症和高胰岛素血症为特征.目前发现青春期多囊卵巢综合征患者在其青春期后发展为2型糖尿病,心血管疾病,以及不孕症的危险性增加,而且多囊卵巢综合征的一些症状对于青少年身心健康是有害的.所以做出青春期多囊卵巢综合征的早期诊断是重要的,为了达到提高早期诊断的目的,筛查就显得尤为重要.该文将对青春期多囊卵巢综合征的筛查做如下论述.     

青春期肥胖伴月经失调18例分析

青春期少女肥胖极易发展为多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS),临床表现为月经紊乱甚至闭经,伴有肥胖、多毛,其病理生理特征为不排卵、高雄激素血症、高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗,极易发生Ⅱ型糖尿病和心血管疾病。本文对18例青春期月经紊乱患者进行临床观察分析,探寻青春期肥胖与PCOS之间的关系。1资料与方法1·1一般资料。选取2004年6月~2005年2月在我院妇科内分泌专科就诊的18例青春期月经紊乱患者作为观察对象。年龄13~17岁,平均年龄为15·2岁。月经稀发6例,间隔时间2~3个月;闭经12例,闭经时间5~10个月。1·2方法。计算体重指数(BMI);电化学发光免…     

多囊卵巢综合征高雄激素血症的成因研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是常见的妇科内分泌疾病，在性激素水平、糖代谢和血脂代谢等方面影响人体健康．以高雄激素血症、无排卵、胰岛素抵抗为主要特征，其所致闭经和不孕对女性身心的健康造成严重影响。其中高雄激素血症是其典型临床特征，也是引起无排卵性不孕的重要原因，参与无排卵的病理发生过程，从细胞、分子水平论述高雄激素血症的病理生理及其发生机理。     

多囊卵巢综合征几个相关问题

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是不孕症的重要原因之一,是一种多因素、临床表现多样性的综合征。病理生理变化涉及内分泌与代谢异常及卵巢局部的调控紊乱。近年随着高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗等基础与临床研究的逐步深入,对PCOS有了新的了解,但仍需进一步的深入研究。     

多囊卵巢综合征几个相关问题

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是不孕症的重要原因之一,是一种多因素、临床表现多样性的综合征.病理生理变化涉及内分泌与代谢异常及卵巢局部的调控紊乱.近年随着高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗等基础与临床研究的逐步深入,对PCOS有了新的了解,但仍需进一步的深入研究.     

多囊卵巢综合征高雄激素血症的成因研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是常见的妇科内分泌疾病,在性激素水平、糖代谢和血脂代谢等方面影响人体健康,以高雄激素血症、无排卵、胰岛素抵抗为主要特征,其所致闭经和不孕对女性身心的健康造成严重影响.其中高雄激素血症是其典型临床特征,也是引起无排卵性不孕的重要原因,参与无排卵的病理发生过程,从细胞、分子水平论述高雄激素血症的病理生理及其发生机理.     

多囊卵巢综合征和代谢综合征关系的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征是育龄期女性最常见的生殖内分泌紊乱疾病,现已成为导致女性代谢综合征的一个潜在原因.多囊卵巢综合征个体存在代谢危险因素,其已引起医学界对多囊卵巢综合征与代谢综合征之间存在相关危险因素的重视,并对多囊卵巢综合征可能出现的并发症进行广泛地研究.多囊卵巢综合征临床症状常伴有肥胖,而胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症已成为多囊卵巢综合征和代谢综合征病理生理及临床表现改变的关键环节.高雄激素血症作为多囊卵巢综合征的主要内分泌特征,已经成为多囊卵巢综合征和代谢综合征之间相互作用的一个重要危险因素.该文就多囊卵巢综合征与代谢综合征之问存在的主要危险因素进行综述.     

多囊卵巢综合征的临床诊断和治疗(综述)

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种常见的女性内分泌疾病,以高雄激素血症和无排卵为主要特征,病因尚未明了,诊断标准尚未统一。2003年最新的诊断标准为:稀发排卵或无排卵;高雄激素血症的临床或生化改变;超声PCO征,具备以上三项中的两项即可诊为PCOS。临床表现为:月经失调、肥胖、多毛及痤疮、不孕及黑棘皮征,治疗上多以解决症状或针对病理生理的某一环节做治疗。     

Immunogenetic factors associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus has been considered an organ-specific autoimmune disease derived from the selective destruction of pancreatic beta cells. It presents a complex pathogenesis, involving the participation of several factors, including the immunogenetic susceptibility with strong association to histocompatibility genes (HLA), environmental events and autoimmune response with the presence of autoantibodies and/or autoreactive lymphocytes, culminating in metabolic abnormalities. In this study, the literature review describes mechanisms through which some factors cause susceptibility to its appearance and, additionally, prediction innovations regarding this disorder, which will certainly contribute to nursing care for patients with type 1 diabetes.     

Smoking habits and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women

The purpose of this case–control study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adult females. A total of 168 women in Kaunas, Lithuania with newly diagnosed T2DM during the year 2001 and 336 controls who were women without diabetes were recruited. Participants were asked about their duration of smoking, the number of cigarettes smoked per day, pack-years, and smoking cessation. Odds ratios (OR), 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) for T2DM were calculated using conditional logistic regression. After adjustment for possible confounders, women with T2DM had a nearly threefold higher odds for smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day compared with controls and using never smokers as the referent category (OR = 2.8; 95 percent CI 1.0–7.7). Women with T2DM had over fourfold odds for having smoked for 40 years or more compared to controls (OR = 4.6; 95 percent CI 1.1–18.6). Compared to controls, women with T2DM had over a sixfold higher odds for stopping smoking for 19 or fewer years with never smokers as the referent category (OR = 6.4; 95 percent CI 1.5–27.3). The findings of our study suggest a possible relationship between smoking and T2DM in women. Also, despite smoking cessation, the association with T2DM remained for a long time.     

Genetics of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The last decade has seen major advances in our understanding of the genetics of single gene disorders. Attention is now increasingly turning to elucidation of the genetics of more complex disease which are likely to be influenced by several genes and environmental factors. This article concentrates on the genetics of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.     

Contraception in women with diabetes mellitus

Oral contraceptive users suffering from diabetes mellitus experience different side effects from other women. The reliability of the pill is also different. 2 studies demonstrated a connection between fatal or nonfatal heart attacks in young women suffering from diabetes mellitus who also were taking the pill. Lower estrogen pills were found to have fewer side effects for this group. The same is true for lower gestagens. 4 pregnancies occurred out of 118 women aged 18-24 with diabetes mellitus type 1 and using IUDs. No pregnancies occurred in the 2nd year. IUD complaints and removals over a 2-year period were the same in the control group of 914 women not suffering from diabetes mellitus. In 1980, much was made of the fact that 11 out of 30 women suffering from diabetes mellitus using IUDs became pregnant within 1 year. IUDs were removed, showing 40% more sulphur chloride, but no copper deterioration. These findings were not conclusive, and there was no reason to advise women suffering from diabetes mellitus against using IUDs. The chances of side effects from the pill and IUD are the same for women who do not suffer from diabetes mellitus. If there is no preference between pill or the IUD, the latter is advised. Only women suffering from diabetes mellitus cannot quit smoking will be advised against using the pill. Patients wishing to become pregnant should consult their doctors so that IUDs can be removed.     

1型糖尿病儿童氧化应激水平的研究

目的 比较1型糖尿病患儿与健康儿童血清中氧化应激标志物水平,探讨1型糖尿病患儿氧化及抗氧化能力的改变。方法 选取62例1型糖尿病患儿为病例组,36例健康儿童为对照组。病例组根据病程分为初发组和病程稍长组;根据感染情况分为感染组和非感染组。测定各组血清中氧化标志物丙二醛(MDA),一氧化氮(NO)及抗氧化标志物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)水平,同时常规测定病例组空腹血糖、C-肽、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1_C)、尿素氮,并对结果进行差异性和相关性分析。结果 1型糖尿病患儿血清MDA,NO,SOD水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),GPx水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。初发组MDA、NO、SOD水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),GPx水平显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。病程稍长组SOD水平与对照组比较、感染组与非感染组间各指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MDA水平与HbA1_C水平呈显著正相关(r=0.377,P<0.01)。结论 1型糖尿病患儿发病初期及病程进展过程中存在明显的氧化应激水平升高和抗氧化保护能力下降,提示氧化应激可能在儿童1型糖尿病中起着重要作用。     

The effects of psychoeducation on disturbed eating attitudes and behavior in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a six-session psychoeducation (PE) program on young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and disordered eating attitudes and behavior. METHOD: Two hundred twelve young women attending a pediatric diabetes clinic were screened for signs of eating disturbance. Of these women, 130 passed the screening and were invited to participate in the intervention phase of the study. Eighty-five subjects were randomized to the PE or treatment-as-usual group. Assessments were conducted before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat group by time multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) indicated significant reductions following PE treatment on the Restraint and Eating Concern subscales of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and on the Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), but no improvement in frequency of purging by insulin omission or hemoglobin A1c levels. DISCUSSION: The PE group was associated with reductions in eating disturbance, but not with improved metabolic control.