高血压的非药物非饮食干预研究进展

综述高血压的非药物非饮食干预,包括运动干预、针刺法、生物反馈、冥想、设备引导的缓慢呼吸等.旨在帮助预防和控制高血压以及延缓相关并发症的发生,并为健康专业人员进行高血压的干预提供参考.     

痴呆患者淡漠症状测量工具及非药物干预的研究进展

对痴呆患者淡漠症状的概念、诊断、特异性测量工具(包括痴呆症淡漠面谈和评定量袁、里尔淡漠评定量表)及非药物干预方法(包括多感觉刺激、音乐治疗、艺术治疗、认知刺激、宠物治疗和综合干预)进行综述,旨在为制订合适的痴呆患者淡漠症状治疗及护理方案提供参考,为临床实践提供理论依据.     

阿尔茨海默病的社区护理干预及管理研究进展

阐述了阿尔茨海默病的流行情况及影响因素、照顾负担、社区护理干预现状以及我国社区护理干预及管理策略等。提出阿尔茨海默病受年龄、性别、教育程度及家族史等多种因素影响。多种护理干预方法已被科学研究证实有效;结合我国国情,通过循证分析,科学有效地组织各种干预方法,有望发展出适合社区长期开展的护理干预及管理策略。     

ICU患者睡眠障碍影响因素及非药物干预的研究进展

归纳ICU患者睡眠障碍的影响因素,包括个体、环境和治疗相关因素,并总结了睡眠障碍的非药物干预措施,认为通过加强环境管理、规范治疗管理、合理设置机械通气模式、提供睡眠指导与心理干预等,可以改善ICU患者的睡眠质量。     

痴呆照顾者负担的影响因素及其干预研究进展

回顾近10年国内外对老年痴呆患者照顾者的干预研究,重点介绍了国外的环境调节干预、综合干预、REACH干预模式、PAR干预模式以及国内的社区干预.通过对比发现,国内缺乏适合中国国情的综合干预模式,以后的研究工作可将各种干预方法综合起来建立一套系统的干预模式并推广.     

阴道分娩后会阴疼痛围生期非药物干预研究进展

从阴道分娩后会阴疼痛的机制、影响产后会阴疼痛的因素以及围生期视角预防/治疗产后会阴疼痛的非药物干预方法三个方面进行了归纳和总结,主要阐述近年来阴道分娩后会阴疼痛非药物干预研究的现状与局限,旨在为临床上管理阴道分娩后会阴疼痛提供参考。     

手术患儿术前焦虑非药物干预研究进展

阐述手术患儿术前焦虑的非药物干预方法,包括父母陪伴下麻醉诱导、多种形式的术前访视、音乐疗法、分散注意力、童趣化护理干预和游戏、虚拟现实技术的应用等,旨在为指导医护人员更有效地对手术患儿术前焦虑进行预防干预提供参考。     

间质性肺疾病患者疲乏影响因素及非药物干预研究进展

对间质性肺疾病患者疲乏影响因素及非药物干预进行综述,影响间质性肺疾病患者疲乏的主要因素包括社会人口学因素、睡眠质量、营养状态、肌肉功能、活动和心理情绪因素;关于间质性肺疾病患者疲乏的非药物干预措施包括运动训练、动态氧疗、持续气道正压通气、正念训练以及远程干预,以期为临床更好地改善间质性肺疾病患者疲乏提供参考.     

抗精神病药物所致体质量增加的非药物干预研究现状

对国内外近年来关于抗精神病药物所致体质量增加的非药物干预的研究进行综述。包括筛查及监测代谢问题、心理教育、认知行为治疗、饮食及运动干预、综合干预,并提出存在的不足以及此类研究对临床医务工作者的提示。     

高血压人群社区护理干预形式研究现状及发展方向

对社区高血压人群社区护理干预形式及发展方向进行了综述，提出健康教育是最基本的护理干预形式，营养、运动干预，心理行为干预以及家庭访视等多种护理干预形式正逐步开展．并取得了一定的成效。尚存在高血压病患者自我管理能力较差，缺少个体化的护理干预及社区卫生服务资源尚未得到有效利用等问题．提出社区护理干预的发展方向。     

Non-pharmacological nursing interventions for procedural pain relief in adults with burns: a systematic literature review

Adult burn patients experience pain during wound care despite pharmacological interventions. Additional nursing interventions are needed to improve pain management. A systematic review was undertaken in order to examine the implications of previous research for evidence based decisions concerning the use of non-pharmacological nursing interventions and for future research. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria and were discussed. The majority of the included studies concerned behavioural nursing interventions and focussed on promotion of psychological comfort. Although 17 studies showed that the intervention had a positive effect on pain outcomes and no adverse effects of the reviewed interventions were reported, the best available evidence was found for active hypnosis, rapid induction analgesia and distraction relaxation. However, in order to reduce methodological limitations, further research is needed before well-founded evidence based decisions for nursing practice can be made. Aspects that seem important for future research, like the type of the intervention, theoretical framework, manner of giving instruction and guidance, cost, outcomes, measurement instruments and data collection points are considered.     

Non-pharmacological interventions for sleep quality and insomnia during pregnancy: A systematic review

Objective:

To systematically review the literature regarding non-pharmacological inteventions for improving sleep quality and insomnia during pregnancy.

Methods:

An electronic search strategy was conducted using several online databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Index to Chiropractic Literature) from inception to March 2013. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies evaluating non-pharmacological interventions, published in English in a peer reviewed journal, and assessed sleep quality or insomnia. The full text of suitable articles was reviewed by the authors, and scored using a risk of bias assessment.

Results:

160 articles were screened and seven studies met the inclusion criteria in the form of three prospective RCTs, one prospective longitudinal trial, one experimental pilot study, and two prospective quasi-randomized trials. Quality scores ranged from five to eight out of twelve on the risk of bias scoring criteria.

Conclusions:

Exercise, massage, and acupuncture may be associated with improved sleep quality during pregnancy, however, due to the low quality and heterogeneity of the studies yielded, a definitive recommendation cannot be made. Further higher quality research is indicated.     

儿童扁桃体切除术后疼痛的非药物性护理干预

目的探讨儿童扁桃体切除术后疼痛的非药物性护理干预效果。方法将行双侧扁桃体切除术的108例患儿,按时间段分为对照组56例和观察组52例。对照组实施常规口腔护理、饮食指导和冰袋颌下冷敷;观察组在对照组的基础上改进颌下冷敷装置,并结合知识讲授、注意力转移等措施。应用视觉模拟评分表(VAS)分别在术后6h、术后1~3d对患儿进行疼痛评估。结果观察组术后6h、1d、2d及3d疼痛程度显著轻于对照组(均P0.01)。结论对扁桃体切除术后患儿采用改进颌下冷敷装置联合其他非药物性干预可有效缓解疼痛。     

痴呆患者淡漠症状评估工具的研究进展

阐述国内外痴呆患者淡漠症状评估工具,重点介绍普适性和特异性痴呆患者淡漠症状评估工具,并分析其优缺点,指出部分评估工具的信效度及适用性仍有待验证.建议根据现有评估工具,汉化或开发我国本土化痴呆患者淡漠症状评估工具,促进淡漠症状的早期筛查与识别,预防患者病情恶化,为后续相关研究及构建针对性干预措施提供参考.     

神经内科痴呆患者走失的预警性干预

目的 探讨预警性干预对痴呆患者走失不良事件的预防效果.方法 根据住院时间将778例痴呆患者分为对照组386例和观察组392例.对照组按神经内科痴呆患者护理常规进行干预,如在患者床头挂“防走失”温馨提示牌,提醒患者家属及医护人员重点照护此类患者,并加强交接班,同时对患者家属进行防走失相关注意事项的健康教育.观察组在常规干预基础上,对痴呆患者进行评估识别,根据评估结果行预警性干预.结果 观察组痴呆患者走失率显著低于对照组(均P＜0.01),走失后损伤及2h内获寻率观察组相对高于对照组.结论 对痴呆患者实施预警性干预能有效减少走失不良事件的发生,提高获寻患者的效率,最大限度减少患者走失的不良结局.     

小丑照护在老年痴呆患者中的应用研究进展

对小丑照护的概念、作用机制,以及小丑照护干预措施在痴呆照护领域的应用现状和现存问题进行综述,旨在为我国老年痴呆患者的照顾和护理提供参考,以提高老年痴呆患者的生活质量。     

Non-pharmacological care for patients with generalized osteoarthritis: design of a randomized clinical trial

Background  

Non-pharmacological treatment (NPT) is a useful treatment option in the management of hip or knee osteoarthritis. To our knowledge however, no studies have investigated the effect of NPT in patients with generalized osteoarthritis (GOA). The primary aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two currently existing health care programs with different intensity and mode of delivery on daily functioning in patients with GOA. The secondary objective is to compare the cost-effectiveness of both interventions.     

社区老年人社会隔离研究进展

介绍老年人社会隔离的定义及现状,总结老年人社会隔离的评估工具,分析老年人社会隔离的影响因素及其对健康的危害,提出老年人社会隔离的管理策略及建议,并阐明我国研究的不足之处,以期提高人们对老年人社会隔离的认识,为相关工作人员开展有效的老年人社会隔离管理干预提供依据。     

A systematic review of interventions by healthcare professionals on community-dwelling postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Summary  

A systematic review was conducted to evaluate evidence concerning the effect of non-drug interventions by healthcare professionals on community-dwelling postmenopausal osteoporotic women. Evidence available indicates that such interventions are effective in improving the quality of life, medication compliance, and calcium intake, but effect on other outcomes is less conclusive.