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目的 了解四川、江苏、广东、河南四省份调查学校青年学生性行为、艾滋病知识知晓率、检测情况,并分析影响检测的因素。方法 在调查学校通过线上线下多种途径发放电子问卷,收集学生的人口学信息、性行为情况、艾滋病知识知晓、HIV检测等内容。结果 四省份共调查学生63 054人,其中本科学生占比为82.4%,所有学生中一年级占比为64.5%。共有8.6%(5 427/63 054)的学生发生过性行为,男生发生性行为(12.4%)、无保护性行为(42.7%)、多性伴行为(22.1%)的比例均高于女生。调查学生的艾滋病知识知晓率为78.4%,HIV检测率为6.2%,有性行为学生的艾滋病知识知晓率为81.7%,HIV检测率为11.5%,其中发生无保护性行为和多性伴行为学生的检测率分别为13.9%、21.1%。对有性行为学生接受HIV检测的相关因素进行分析,结果显示影响因素有省份、性别、性向、性伴数、是否患过性病、是否认为自己有感染风险、是否知晓PrEP或nPEP(P<0.05)。结论 调查学生艾滋病知识知晓率不高,应继续加强学生的健康教育。发生无保护性行为和多性伴性行为的学生HIV检测率不高,今后... 相似文献
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目的 在桂林高校范围内促进HIV检测,提升高校大学生的艾滋病健康教育的认知水平,降低高校整体的艾滋病感染率。方法 本研究采用自制量表进行多阶段抽样,对桂林市八所高校大学生开展问卷调查,并对调查结果进行Logistic分析。结果 共发放问卷500份,回收有效问卷473份,有效率为94.6%。其中男生148人(31.3%),女生325(68.7%),平均年龄为(19.8±1.4)岁。473名大学生在过去一年进行过HIV检测的为3.8%(18/473),有检测意愿的占比为20.7%(98/473)。其中,男生的检测率为10.1%(15/148),有检测意愿的占比为31.1%(46/148),女生分别为0.9%(3/325)和16.0%(52/325),男生检测率(OR=11.641,95%CI:2.521~53.751)和检测意愿比例(OR=1.976,95%CI:1.223~3.192)均高于女生。发生过高危行为的大学生20人,占4.2%,有检测意愿的13人,占65.0%。发生过高危行为的20名大学生中,有检测行为的9人,占45.0%。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,相较女生,男生检测... 相似文献
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目的了解广东、安徽、四川3省孕产妇进行人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)抗体检测的意愿及影响因素。方法于2011年3月,在3省6县区,对2 270名产妇HIV抗体检测状况进行调查,对其中704名没有接受过检测的产妇了解其HIV抗体检测意愿。结果①在调查的704名产妇中,71.9%的产妇表示愿意接受HIV抗体检测。②多因素分析结果显示,相对于认为产前检查没有必要的产妇,认为产前检查[Antenatal care(ANC)]有必要的产妇更愿意接受HIV抗体检测(OR=3.54,95%CI:1.88~6.67);相对于"不知晓"艾滋病综合知识的产妇,"知晓"艾滋病综合知识的产妇更愿意接受HIV抗体检测(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.07~2.18);相对于城镇产妇,农村产妇更愿意接受HIV抗体检测(OR=2.77,95%CI:1.69~4.54);相对于经产妇,初次分娩的产妇更愿意接受HIV抗体检测(OR=1.80,95%CI:1.20~2.69)。结论我国部分地区仍然有一部分孕产妇不愿意接受HIV抗体检测。没有认识到产前检查的重要性以及艾滋病综合知识知晓率低,是导致孕产妇不愿意接受HIV抗体检测的主要原因。 相似文献
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目的了解四川省孕产妇接受艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测服务的情况,为扩大预防母婴传播覆盖面而制定全省相关政策提供依据。方法2008-2010年,收集四川省所有县(市、区)接受孕产期保健的孕产妇艾滋病检测情况,按不同地区进行分析。结果全省孕产妇HIV抗体检测率、孕产妇孕期HIV抗体检测率、住院分娩产妇HIV抗体检测率逐年提高(P〈0.0001),不同地区的孕产妇HIV抗体检测率、孕产妇孕期HIV抗体检测率、住院分娩产妇HIV抗体检测率不同(P〈0.0001)。按照全省社会经济发展状况由高到低,将全省分为三类区域,一类地区孕产妇的HIV抗体检测率为97.07%,孕产妇孕期HIV抗体检测率为87.42%,住院分娩产妇HIV抗体检测率为97.13%;二类地区孕产妇的HIV抗体检测率为79.70%,孕产妇孕期HIV抗体检测率为44.62%,住院分娩产妇HIV抗体检测率为80.90%;三类地区孕产妇的住院分娩率为56.08%,孕产妇HIV抗体检测率为54.99%,孕产妇孕期HIV抗体检测率为31.06%,住院分娩产妇HIV抗体检测率为88.02%,非住院分娩产妇HIV抗体检测率仅13.13%。结论不同地区孕产妇HIV抗体检测情况差距明显,应采取区域化的应对措施,进一步扩大预防母婴传播覆盖面。 相似文献
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开展艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus-antibody,HIV)抗体筛查,是发现传染源并进行有效管理的基础,是控制艾滋病流行的必要手段。甘肃省人民医院检验中心通过了甘肃省卫生厅组织验收成为艾滋病筛查实验室,是全国艾滋病综合防治监测检测网络的成员。为了解来门诊及住院病人的HIV感染状况,为开展相关干预提供依据,现将2012年来本院就诊病人HIV抗体检测结果分析报告如下。 相似文献
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目的了解孕妇接受艾滋病检测意愿,以及认知、行为因素对其的影响。方法采用随机抽样方法,应用基于健康信念模式自行设计的问卷,采用面对面的方式,对符合纳入标准的研究对象进行问卷调查。结果共调查500名孕妇,58.6%的孕妇表达了愿意在怀孕期间接受艾滋病免费检测。艾滋病知识知晓率低(完全正确仅11.6%)。27.6%的孕妇认为自己容易感染艾滋病,怕被人误解等是影响孕妇接受艾滋病检测意愿的因素。结论加强对孕妇的艾滋病健康教育,提高其艾滋病知识知晓率,增加孕妇艾滋病检测意愿,从而改变其行为,有效阻止艾滋病母婴传播。 相似文献
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《SAHARA J (Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance)》2013,10(4):171-178
Prevalence of HIV infection in Botswana is among the highest in the world, at 23.9% of 15 – 49-year-olds. Most HIV testing is conducted in voluntary counselling and testing centres or medical settings. Improved access to testing is urgently needed. This qualitative study assessed and documented community perceptions about the concept of door-to-door HIV counselling and rapid testing in two of the highest-prevalence districts of Botswana. Community members associated many positive benefits with home-based, door-to-door HIV testing, including convenience, confidentiality, capacity to increase the number of people tested, and opportunities to increase knowledge of HIV transmission, prevention and care through provision of correct information to households. Community members also saw the intervention as increasing opportunities to engage and influence family members and to role model positive behaviours. Participants also perceived social risks and dangers associated with home-based testing including the potential for conflict, coercion, stigma, and psychological distress within households. Community members emphasised the need for individual and community preparation, including procedures to protect confidentiality, provisions for psychological and social support, and links to appropriate services for HIV-positive persons. 相似文献
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F. M. L. Pinheiro Júnior C. Kendall T. A. Martins R. M. S. Mota R. H. M. Macena J. Glick 《AIDS care》2016,28(1):92-97
Transwomen are a high-risk population for HIV/AIDS worldwide. However, many transwomen do not test for HIV. This study aimed to identify factors associated with resistance to HIV testing among transwomen in Fortaleza/CE. A cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2008 with a sample of 304 transwomen recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Data analysis utilized Respondent-Driven Sampling Analysis Tool and SPSS 11.0. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses examined risk factors associated with resistance to HIV testing. Less than 18 years of age (OR?=?4.221; CI?=?2.419–7.364), sexual debut before 10 years of age (OR?=?6.760; CI?=?2.996–15.256), using illegal drugs during sex (OR?=?2.384; CI?=?1.310–4.339), experience of discrimination (OR?=?3.962; CI?=?1.540–10.195) and a belief that the test results were not confidential (OR?=?3.763; CI?=?2.118–6.688) are independently associated with resistance to testing. Intersectoral and targeted strategies aimed at encouraging the adoption of safer sexual behaviors and testing for HIV among transwomen are required. 相似文献
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江西省艾滋病自愿咨询检测现状分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的更好地做好江西省艾滋病防治工作。方法采用描述性方法分析江西省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)现状。结果从事艾滋病咨询工作的专职人员较少。接受检测后咨询及转介服务人数占检测前咨询人数的比例分别为5.22%、1.39%。接受检测的人以20~29岁人数最多,其次30~39岁。萍乡、南昌市检测初筛阳性构成比较高,分别为39.13%、26.09%。结论建立健全VCT服务网络,提高咨询服务质量。广泛开展对目标人群的VCT服务宣传和外展活动,有效开展VCT服务,遏制艾滋病的传播。 相似文献
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Paul K. Drain Elena Losina Sharon M. Coleman Laura Bogart Janet Giddy Douglas Ross 《AIDS care》2015,27(10):1231-1240
Poor social support and mental health may be important modifiable risk factors for HIV acquisition, but they have not been evaluated prior to HIV testing in South Africa. We sought to describe self-perceived mental health and social support and to characterize their independent correlates among adults who presented for voluntary HIV testing in Durban. We conducted a large cross-sectional study of adults (≥18 years of age) who presented for HIV counseling and testing between August 2010 and January 2013 in Durban, South Africa. We enrolled adults presenting for HIV testing and used the Medical Outcomes Study’s Social Support Scale (0 [poor] to 100 [excellent]) and the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-3) to assess social support and mental health. We conducted independent univariate and multivariable linear regression models to determine the correlates of lower self-reported Social Support Index and lower self-reported MCH scores. Among 4874 adults surveyed prior to HIV testing, 1887 (39%) tested HIV-positive. HIV-infected participants reported less social support (mean score 66 ± 22) and worse mental health (mean score 66 ± 16), compared to HIV-negative participants (74 ± 21; 70 ± 18; p < 0.0001). In a multivariable analysis, significant correlates of less social support included presenting for HIV testing at an urban hospital, not having been tested previously, not working outside the home, and being HIV-infected. In a separate multivariable analysis, significant correlates of poor mental health were similar, but also included HIV testing at an urban hospital and being in an intimate relationship less than six months. In this study, HIV-infected adults reported poorer social support and worse mental health than HIV-negative individuals. These findings suggest that interventions to improve poor social support and mental health should be focused on adults who do not work outside the home and those with no previous HIV testing. 相似文献
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目的了解社区卫生服务机构艾滋病防治对象对艾滋病病毒(HIV)检测的接受意愿及影响因素。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,在北京、上海等8个城市的社区卫生服务机构,对重点科室(妇产科、皮肤科等)的就诊人员、男男性行为人群(MSM)和娱乐场所女性工作人员进行调查。调查内容包括一般社会人口学信息、艾滋病相关知识、HIV防治服务接受意愿及利用情况等。结果共调查了755人,其中29人HIV阳性。在726名HIV阴性人员中,555人(76.4%)表示愿意接受社区卫生服务机构免费提供的HIV检测服务。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,平均月收入较高(1000~1999元、2000-2999元)、知晓艾滋病知识和以前接受过HIV检测的服务对象,更愿意接受HIV检测,其比值比(OR)和95%可信区间(CD分别为2.51(1.18~5.37)、2.35(1.28~4.32)、2.07(1.14~3.77)、1.85(1.25~2.75)。结论调查对象对社区卫生服务机构开展的HIV检测服务有较高的接受意愿,但也存在诸如担心歧视、个人隐私暴露和业务能力不高以及自身艾滋病知识欠缺等因素的影响,因此在社区卫生服务机构开展HIV检测需要加强受检者隐私保护,同时要扩大HIV防治宣传和提高社区医生的HIV咨询检测知识和技能水平。 相似文献
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部队在校学员与基层士兵掌握艾滋病知识情况调查 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 了解部队在校学员和基层士兵掌握艾滋病知识的情况,为制定部队在校学员和基层士兵的艾滋病教育、训练内容和计划提供依据。方法 于2001年8月~9月采用现场试卷问答、专题讲课的方法,对224名在校学员和194名基层士兵进行了艾滋病知识的考核调查。结果(1)对艾滋病基础知识的认识,如性传播、经血传播、垂直传播等主要传播途径和采用安全套进行预防等知识学握的较好,分别为 94.0%以上、85.7%以上。有80%以上的受试人员能选准六种以上高危人群;(2)有73.0%的人员认为应同情和关心艾滋病病人,70%~95%的人员能够选择正确的态度对待自己的行为,有31.7%的学员、45.4%的战士不敢肯定自己不得艾滋病;(3)对艾滋病基础知识的掌握程度学员组明显高于战士组,P<0.005,战士组经授课后正确率明显高于学员组,P<0.001。结论 通过多种形式的专题教育,可使广大指战员的艾滋病知识有较大的提高,增大宣传教育的范围和力度是预防艾滋病的关键。 相似文献
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目的了解社区卫生服务机构艾滋病防治工作人员,对艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(简称HIV/AIDS病人)的歧视情况及影响因素。方法采用自填式调查问卷,对8个城市40家社区卫生服务机构361名工作人员进行调查。调查内容包括工作人员的一般情况、对HIV/AIDS病人的态度和开展艾防工作意愿等。结果 292人(80.9%)表示能像对待其他患者一样对待HIV/AIDS病人,或者可以为他们提供医疗卫生服务,没有歧视。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,近一年接受培训的天数(3-6天、7-14天和15天以上)、支持社区开展艾滋病防治工作的工作人员对HIV/AIDS病人歧视有显著性差异,比值比(OR)[95%可信区间(CI)]分别为3.96(1.10,14.25)、4.93(1.27,19.19)、10.33(1.86,57.42)、0.25(0.12,0.52)。结论社区卫生服务机构工作人员对HIV/AIDS病人依然存在歧视,当地卫生行政部门和疾控机构需要加强对社区医生的艾滋病防治知识、技能和职业暴露预防的培训,同时要提高其工作待遇,稳定基层防艾队伍。 相似文献
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Abhijeet Anand Ray W. Shiraishi Abdullahi Ahmed Sheikh Lawrence H. Marum Omotayo Bolu Winfred Mutsotso Keith Sabin Robert Ayisi Theresa Diaz 《Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH》2009,14(10):1215-1219
Objective To determine the role of participant factors on the acceptance of a Prevention-of-Mother-to-Child (PMTCT) HIV test programme in a situation with an opt-out testing strategy.
Methods We analysed antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV sentinel surveillance data. All 43 sites in the 2005 round of Kenya's ANC surveillance offered opt-out PMTCT services and recorded if women were offered PMTCT HIV testing and whether they accepted or refused. Logistic regression was used to determine the role of participant-level factors on PMTCT acceptance.
Results During the period of sentinel surveillance, 13 026 women attended ANC and testing was offered to 12 030 women. Of those offered testing, 9690 (80.5%) accepted, with a large variation in the percent of acceptors by site. Age, residence and educational status were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance. However, after adjusting for site none of the participant-level factors were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance.
Conclusions Participant level factors were not significant determinants of PMTCT HIV test acceptance after adjusting for sites. PMTCT programmes should collect and evaluate the role of site-level (provider and testing service) factors on PMTCT acceptance. Improvement of site-level factors could improve PMTCT uptake. 相似文献
Methods We analysed antenatal clinic (ANC) HIV sentinel surveillance data. All 43 sites in the 2005 round of Kenya's ANC surveillance offered opt-out PMTCT services and recorded if women were offered PMTCT HIV testing and whether they accepted or refused. Logistic regression was used to determine the role of participant-level factors on PMTCT acceptance.
Results During the period of sentinel surveillance, 13 026 women attended ANC and testing was offered to 12 030 women. Of those offered testing, 9690 (80.5%) accepted, with a large variation in the percent of acceptors by site. Age, residence and educational status were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance. However, after adjusting for site none of the participant-level factors were significant determinants of PMTCT acceptance.
Conclusions Participant level factors were not significant determinants of PMTCT HIV test acceptance after adjusting for sites. PMTCT programmes should collect and evaluate the role of site-level (provider and testing service) factors on PMTCT acceptance. Improvement of site-level factors could improve PMTCT uptake. 相似文献