87例神经梅毒患者临床及实验室特征分析

目的分析87例神经梅毒患者的临床及实验室特征。方法回顾性总结分析87例HIV阴性的神经梅毒患者发病年龄、临床症状、脑脊液检查(包括脑脊液白细胞计数、蛋白定量)、快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(rapid plasma reagent test, RPR)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(treponema pallidum particle assay, TPPA)、梅毒荧光抗体吸收试验(fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, FTA-ABS)等资料。结果 87例神经梅毒患者中有症状神经梅毒患者54例(62.1%),其中眼部受损者最多见;无症状患者33例(37.9%)。87例患者中脑脊液白细胞异常率为82.8%,脑脊液蛋白异常率为44.8%,脑脊液RPR的异常率为44.8%,脑脊液TPPA阳性率为80.5%,脑脊液FTA-ABS IgG抗体阳性率为87.4%、IgM抗体阳性率为3.4%。有症状患者与无症状患者脑脊液RPR、白细胞计数和蛋白定量,差异均无统计学意义(P均 0.05)。有症状患者脑脊液FTA-ABS IgG抗体阳性率为94.4%,Ig M抗体阳性率为3.7%。结论有症状神经梅毒患者中眼部受损者多见,临床医生对有眼部损害的梅毒患者须警惕神经梅毒的可能。神经梅毒患者中脑脊液RPR检测阳性率较低,脑脊液RPR在诊断神经梅毒中的作用仍需要大样本研究进一步证实。有症状神经梅毒患者脑脊液FTA-ABS抗体阴性不能排除神经梅毒。     

未经治疗梅毒患者脑脊液检测的意义

目的　观察艾滋病病毒 (HIV)阴性、未经治疗、且无神经损害临床表现的梅毒患者的脑脊液常规及梅毒抗体的检测情况 ,并探讨这些指标的诊断意义。方法　对 36例未经治疗且无神经系统临床表现的梅毒 (其中二期16例 ,隐性 2 0例 )患者脑脊液进行脑脊液常规、梅毒暗视野检查、聚合酶链反应 (PCR)及脑脊液梅毒抗体试验、梅毒血清快速反应素试验 [(RPR)、IgM、梅毒参比试验 (VDRL)、荧光密螺旋体抗体 (TPPA)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验 (FTA Abs) ]检测。结果　在所检测的 36例梅毒患者脑脊液中 ,常规检测发现 2 4例 (6 6 6 7% )蛋白升高 ,11例 (30 6 % )葡萄糖升高 ,未发现红细胞和白细胞 ;有 19例 (5 2 78% )梅毒患者脑脊液存在≥ 1种梅毒抗体。其中 6例 (16 7% )VDRL阳性 ,13例 (36 39% )FTA Abs阳性 ,14例 (38 33% )TPHA阳性 ,RPR、IgM、TP PCR及梅毒暗视野检查均阴性 ;二期和隐性梅毒各项指标检测结果之间差异无显著的统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;而脑脊液VDRL、FTA Abs、TPPA三种检测结果之间差异有显著的统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　未经治疗的梅毒患者其脑脊液存在异常 ,这些异常的结果表明部分未经治疗的梅毒患者存在无症状神经梅毒。     

神经系统疾病

610506 测定脑脊液免疫球蛋白对中枢感染性疾病的诊断价值贾杰等四川医学5(3):173～174,1984脑脊液中出现 IgM,示中枢神经系统存在感染,病毒性脑膜炎早期出现 IgM,晚期 IgG、IgA 方升高,而细菌性脑膜炎病程早期 IgG、IgA 即可升高,这有助于病原性质的鉴别;结核性脑膜炎 IgG 及 IgA均升高,但以 IgG 升高特别显著,化脓性脑膜炎则以 IgM 升高更为突出.IgG 不高,仅白细胞增高则是     

驱梅治疗后血清TRUST滴度不降的梅毒患者的脑脊液CXCL13检测结果分析

目的对驱梅治疗半年后,梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)滴度下降4倍或升高的、艾滋病病毒阴性的梅毒患者,检测其血清和脑脊液(CSF)中B淋巴细胞趋化因子-1(BLC-1/CXCL13)的浓度,探讨其与神经梅毒的相关性。方法共68例梅毒患者,实施腰穿检测其脑脊液常规、生化、IgG指数,并进行TRUST、梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验(TPPA)、荧光螺旋体抗体吸收试验(FTA-ABS)及性病研究实验室试验(VDRL)检测;采用酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测该组患者血清和脑脊液CXCL13的浓度,同时检测正常对照组和治疗阴转组血清CXCL13浓度。结果 68例患者中,有17例(25.0%)为神经梅毒,其脑脊液白细胞计数升高,IgG指数升高,脑脊液CXCL13浓度、脑脊液/血CXCL13比值在有症状神经梅毒组高于无症状神经梅毒组;无症状神经梅毒组同时高于非神经梅毒组;三组之间比较差异有统计学意义(F=17.86,P=0.000)。实验组、对照组和治疗阴转组血清CXCL13浓度比较差异无统计学意义。结论神经系统受累可能是血TRUST滴度不下降的原因之一,神经梅毒患者脑脊液CXCL13浓度、脑脊液/血CXCL13比值异常升高,存在体液免疫反应异常。     

神经梅毒38例临床分析及文献复习

［摘要］　目的　探讨神经梅毒患者的临床特征、实验室检查、早期诊断、分型依据和治疗情况。方法　选择2004-09～2014-01江苏大学附属医院、镇江市第一人民医院和江苏大学附属第四人民医院收治的38例神经梅毒患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果　38例患者中男28例，女10例，年龄1 d～75岁，平均51.1岁，神经梅毒患者中间质型10例(脑膜血管梅毒8例，脊髓膜血管梅毒1例，脑膜神经梅毒1例)，主质型22例(麻痹性痴呆14例，脊髓痨8例)，视神经损害2例，无症状型神经梅毒3例，先天性神经梅毒1例；血清、脑脊液快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）及梅毒螺旋体特异抗体测定（TPPA）均阳性，部分患者脑脊液检查显示脑脊液蛋白质含量升高和白细胞计数升高(以单核细胞为主)。除3例放弃治疗外，35例经治疗后好转的患者血清及脑脊液抗体滴度均有不同程度降低，脑脊液白细胞数、蛋白量均降至正常。结论　神经梅毒可防可治，脑脊液梅毒诊断试验是神经梅毒诊断的重要依据，同时需结合临床表现及其他检查进行综合分析，及时正确治疗能够控制病情。     

不同血清学抗体检测结果在梅毒分期中的应用

目的了解梅毒特异性IgM抗体、梅毒特异性IgG抗体、梅毒非特异性抗体等在不同分期梅毒患者的检测意义。方法采用蛋白印迹法(WB)检测梅毒特异性抗体IgM、梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)检测梅毒特异性IgG抗体和甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)检测梅毒非特异性抗体,对110例各期(一期、二期、隐性等)梅毒患者进行检测分析。结果检测的110例梅毒患者,其中一期梅毒患者IgM-WB、TPPA和TRUST的阳性率分别为28/44、27/44和16/44;二期梅毒患者IgM-WB、TPPA和TRUST的阳性率分别为11/19、19/19和19/19;隐性梅毒患者IgM-WB、TPPA和TRUST的阳性率分别为9/47、46/47和40/47。结论梅毒特异性IgM抗体在一期梅毒患者检测中能更早明确诊断,而梅毒特异性IgG抗体和梅毒非特异性抗体在二期梅毒和隐性梅毒患者检测中具有更高的准确率,多种抗体联合检测对不同分期的梅毒诊断提供更为可靠依据。     

1152例梅毒孕妇及所产新生儿的梅毒血清学试验结果分析

目的探讨梅毒孕妇及所产新生儿的梅毒血清学试验在先天梅毒早期诊断的价值。方法收集2013—2017年海南省预防与控制梅毒母婴传播项目中的1 152例梅毒孕妇及其所产的1 152例新生儿标本,进行梅毒甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)和梅毒螺旋体明胶凝聚试验(TPPA)及梅毒螺旋体免疫球蛋白M(IgM)抗体试验(TP-IgM)检测。结果 1 152例孕妇中TRUST和TPPA的阳性率分别为78.82%(908例)和100.00%;1 152例新生儿中TRUST和TPPA的阳性率分别为47.14%(543例)和97.14%(1 119例);新生儿确诊先天梅毒37例(3.21%),TP-IgM阳性有34例,新生儿TRUST滴度大于或等于母亲TRUST滴度的4倍有10例(7例TP-IgM阳性,3例TP-IgM阴性)。结论 TP-IgM检测为先天梅毒诊断的必要的梅毒血清学检查,再联合TRUST和TPPA检测可提高诊断先天梅毒的准确率,新生儿梅毒TRUST滴度≥1∶64,可作为先天梅毒诊断的重要依据。     

神经系统疾病

621034 137例神经系疾病患者血清及脑脊液免疫球蛋白的测定唐万仪等北京第二医学院学报(1):41～43,1984该文采用辐射免疫扩散法对137例各种神经系疾病的血清,脑脊液进行免疫球蛋白测定(IgG、IgA、IgA).在散发性病毒性脑炎、病毒性脑膜     

20例HIV抗体阴性神经梅毒患者的临床分析

目的总结神经梅毒的临床特征以提高对其疾病的认识。方法回顾性分析了20例艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体阴性的神经梅毒患者的临床表现、实验室检查和影像学特点。结果20例神经梅毒患者中,无症状神经梅毒2例,间质型神经梅毒9例,实质型神经梅毒8例(麻痹性痴呆5例和脊髓痨3例),特殊类型神经梅毒(多颅神经损害)1例。实验室检查示,63.16%的患者脑脊液快速血浆反应素试验(CSF-RPR)阳性,100%的梅毒螺旋体抗原凝集试验(CSF-TPPA)阳性,脑脊液蛋白和细胞数增高分别为75%和50%;头颅CT和MRI表现脑萎缩、梗死或脱髓鞘病变。结论神经梅毒的临床表现与其分型密切相关,实质型神经梅毒应引起重视;TPPA或许在神经梅毒脑脊液检测中可以使用,但神经梅毒的诊断应结合临床表现及辅助实验检查综合分析。     

33例多发性骨髓瘤患者血清免疫学特征

目的:探讨多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)的血清免疫学特征。方法:采用血清蛋白电泳、血清蛋白和免疫球蛋白定量及免疫固定电泳对33例MM患者进行检测。结果:31例(93.4%)MM患者血清蛋白电泳可显示M带,IgG型及IgM型多出现在γ球蛋白区,IgA型出现于β区或β与γ区之间。其中IgG型15例(45.5%),IgA型8例(24.2%),IgM型2例(6.1%),轻链型5例(15.2%)。在轻链型中,κ型与λ型之比为2∶1。免疫球蛋白定量显示M蛋白所属免疫球蛋白部分显著增高。有22例尿本周蛋白阳性。结论:通过上述生化检测可对MM进行免疫分型,对MM作出准确的实验室诊断。     

Serum TRSUT Titer ≥1:16 Is a Predictor for Neurosyphilis Among HIV-Infected Patients With Concurrent Syphilis and No Neurological Symptoms

Investigating the predictors for lumbar puncture to diagnose the asymptomatic neurosyphilis among HIV and syphilis co-infected patients in Shanghai, China.Respectively, screening the medical records from August 1, 2009 to June 30, 2015. Those HIV-infected patients with concurrent syphilis who had received lumbar puncture were selected and their clinical and demographic data were recorded. Participants comprised symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The latter ones could be further divided into 3 groups: late syphilis, early syphilis with anti-syphilis treatment failure, and early syphilis with serum toludine red unheated serum test (TRUST) ≥1:32. Both syphilis stage and anti-syphilis treatment effect were defined by common criteria, and syphilis of unknown duration was considered as late syphilis. Asymptomatic neurosyphilis was defined as neurosyphilis without neurological symptoms such as headache, cognitive dysfunction, motor deficits, auditory or ophthalmic abnormalities, and stroke. Neurosyphilis was defined as reactive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TRUST and/or CSF white blood cell >20 cells/μL without other reasons. Mann–Whitney test and Fisher''s exact test were used for analyzing the difference between neurosyphilis and non-neurosyphilis group. Logistic regression test was performed to analyze the risk factors for neurosyphilis.In total, 170 participants were collected, and the rate of neurosyphilis was 32.35%. Among all the 105 participants without neurological symptoms, 80 patients were with late syphilis and 25 were with early syphilis. Among the early syphilis patients, 23 had a TRUST ≥1:32 and the other 2 experienced an anti-syphilis treatment failure. The differences of clinical and demographic variables between neurosyphilis and non-neurosyphilis group were not statistically significant except the serum TRUST titer (P < 0.01). From HIV/syphilis co-infected patients with or without neurological symptom, those who had neurological symptoms, CD4 <350 per μL and serological TRUST titer ≥1:16 were 4.9-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.37–10.31), 4.3-fold (95% CI: 1.17–15.78), and 4.1-fold (95% CI: 1.58–10.76), respectively, more likely to be diagnosed with neurosyphilis. Asymptomatic patients whose serum TRUST titer ≥1:16 were 8.48-fold (95% CI: 1.08–66.63) more likely to have asymptomatic neurosyphilis.Among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients with late syphilis or early syphilis experienced an anti-syphilis treatment failure, those who have a serum TRUST titer ≥1:16 are suggested to perform lumbar puncture in order to avoid delayed diagnosis and the occurrence of severe sequelae of syphilis.     

Clinical characteristics,diagnosis, and predictors of neurosyphilis patients with human immunodeficiency virus co-infection: A retrospective study at infectious diseases hospitals in two cities of China

This study aimed to compare between the clinical and laboratory characteristics of neurosyphilis and those of syphilis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of neurosyphilis in the HIV infected.In-patients diagnosed with HIV and syphilis co-infection who underwent a lumbar puncture and completed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination were divided into neurosyphilis group and syphilis group. The demographic characteristics, symptoms and signs, and laboratory tests of the 2 groups were comparatively analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors associated with the occurrence of neurosyphilis.Among 81 patients, 33 patients were assigned to the neurosyphilis group, and 48 to the syphilis group. There were no significant differences in the age, gender, marital status, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome course, opportunistic infections, serum HIV viral load, and history of syphilis treatment. The difference in HIV transmission route between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P = .010), and the patients from the neurosyphilis group were mainly infected via heterosexual contact. The proportion of serum toludine red unheated serum test (TRUST) titer ≥1:16 in the neurosyphilis group were 78.8%, which was significantly higher compared to the syphilis group (48.9%). The level of CSF white blood cell count, CSF protein, and CSF HIV viral load in the neurosyphilis group were significantly higher than those of the syphilis group. The proportion of patients with neurological symptoms and signs in the neurosyphilis group was significantly higher compared to the syphilis group (P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that heterosexual contact transmission route, not received antiretroviral therapy, lower CD4 cell count and higher serum TRUST titer, untreated with syphilis, and neurological symptoms and signs were risk factors associated with the occurrence of neurosyphilis.The serum TRUST titer, CSF white blood cell count, CSF protein level, CSF HIV viral load, and the percentage of neurological symptoms and signs in the neurosyphilis group were higher. Heterosexual transmission route, not received antiretroviral therapy, and untreated with syphilis prompted the possibility of neurosyphilis occurrence.     

Response of latent syphilis or neurosyphilis to ceftriaxone therapy in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of ceftriaxone in treating latent syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN: Follow-up study of patients treated at two HIV-based clinics during 16 months from 1989 to 1991. PATIENTS: Patients were those in whom a clinical diagnosis of latent syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis was made, who received all recommended doses of antimicrobial therapy, and who returned for follow-up visits for 6 or more months. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were treated with ceftriaxone, 1 to 2 g daily for 10 to 14 days. Thirteen underwent lumbar puncture before treatment; 7 (58%) had documented neurosyphilis (pleocytosis in 5, elevated protein levels in 6, VDRL reactive in cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] in 7), and 6 had documented latent syphilis (entirely normal CSF). The remaining 30 were said to have presumed latent syphilis. There was no relation between the diagnosis and the selected dosage of ceftriaxone. Response rates were similar in those who had documented neurosyphilis and documented or presumed latent syphilis. Overall, 28 patients (65%) responded to therapy, 5 (12%) were serofast, 9 (21%) had a serologic relapse, and 1 (2%) who experienced progression to symptomatic neurosyphilis was a therapeutic failure. Thirteen patients received benzathine penicillin for presumed latent syphilis; results were similar to those observed after ceftriaxone therapy, with 8 (62%) responders, 1 (8%) serofast, 2 (15%) relapses, and 2 (15%) failures. CD4 cell counts in responders were not different from those who failed to respond. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the absence of neurologic symptoms, half of the HIV-infected persons who have serologic evidence of syphilis may have neurosyphilis. Although ceftriaxone achieves high serum and CSF levels, 10 to 14 days of treatment with this drug were associated with a 23% failure rate in HIV-infected patients who had latent syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis. Three doses of benzathine penicillin did not have a significantly higher relapse rate and may provide appropriate therapy, at least for documented latent syphilis in persons co-infected with HIV. Studies comparing ceftriaxone with 10 to 14 doses of procaine penicillin are needed to determine the most cost-effective treatment for asymptomatic neurosyphilis or presumed latent syphilis in this group of patients.     

Evidence for differential effects of sulphasalazine on systemic and mucosal immunity in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE--To study the effects of sulphasalazine (SASP) on the systemic and mucosal humoral immune systems in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS--Serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), class and subclass specific IgG, IgA and IgM, IgA and IgG antigliadin antibodies and rheumatoid factors (RF) of IgG, IgA (including IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses) and IgM isotypes were measured before and 16 weeks after sulphasalazine (SASP) therapy in 15 female and three male patients with RA. Amounts of immunoglobulins in saliva and jejunal fluid were measured as estimates of mucosal humoral immunity. RESULTS--Serum concentrations of IgA and IgG decreased significantly during SASP therapy and correlated with reduced concentrations of IL-6. In addition, levels of circulating IgA RF, IgA anti-gliadin antibodies and IgM RF decreased significantly after the treatment. In contrast, immunoglobulin levels in saliva and jejunal fluid were unaltered. CONCLUSION--SASP exerts powerful but selective inhibitory effects on systemic immunoglobulin production, whereas no effects on mucosal immunoglobulin production were observed. The decreased systemic B cell activity may be mediated by downregulation of the production of IL-6, a cytokine with Ig switching properties.     

La syphilis au CHU de Nantes entre 2000 et 2010 : à propos de 36 patients hospitalisés

Purpose

Syphilis infection increase has been observed since the early 2000s. The medical records of patients hospitalized for syphilis at the tertiary care hospital of Nantes between 2000 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.

Methods

Cases were selected on the basis of serological database of the laboratory of bacteriology and extraction from the PMIS. Syphilis cases were defined by both positive TPHA and VDRL tests.

Results

The number of positive serology testing was increased eightfold within ten years. Among the 36 patients with syphilis hospitalized cases, 97% were male, aged 17 to 75 years. Eighteen were HIV-infected patients. Among them, 94% were homosexuals and 67% had a history of sexually transmitted infections. The mean time between symptoms and diagnosis was significantly higher in non HIV-infected patients. Clinical forms of syphilis were cutaneomucous secondary syphilis with frequent systemic symptoms for 33%, neurosyphilis, including frequent uveitis for 50%, and gummatous tertiary syphilis involving bones for one patient. Secondary syphilis cases were treated with one to three doses of benzathine penicillin G. Late syphilis and cases of neurosyphilis were treated with penicillin G or ceftriaxone. Neurosensory sequelae accounted for 39% neurosyphilis cases.

Conclusion

This study highlights the incidence increase of syphilis cases in France, frequent poor prognosis of neurosyphilis cases, and diagnosis difficulties, particularly in non HIV-infected patients. This emphasizes the broader use of syphilis serology for compatible medical situations.     

Neurosyphilis: A current review

Neurosyphilis continues to be a difficult diagnosis for clinicians. The decision to perform a lumbar puncture, interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid findings, clear diagnostic guidelines, establishment of definitive therapy (including alternatives to penicillins), and approach to the follow-up of patients with neurosyphilis are all areas that pose ongoing challenges to clinicians. Coinfection with HIV has also further complicated the already challenging arena of neurosyphilis presentation, diagnosis, and management. Clinicians must recognize the recent changes in the epidemiology of syphilis and know when to initiate appropriate screening. This article highlights the limitations and controversies related to neurosyphilis diagnosis and treatment, and current recommendations on management of patients with neurosyphilis, including those coinfected with HIV.     

脊髓空洞型梅毒诊治探讨

目的详细报告1例脊髓空洞型神经梅毒的诊疗经过.方法患者为31岁男性,4年多前有多次非婚性交史和曾有性病史.入院前1个月开始有典型的脊髓受损的临床表现.入院时体检可见肩、背部有部分肌肉轻度萎缩,双下肢肌力降低,右侧胸2平面、左侧胸3平面以下皮肤深浅感觉减退等.血清甲苯胺红不需加热血清试验(TRUST)2次均阳性,梅毒螺旋体血凝试验(TPHA)为1∶1 280阳性.脑脊液检查(CSF)蛋白质定量测定为15.6g/L,TRUST检查呈阳性,白细胞126×106/L,其中淋巴细胞占0.67%、中性粒细胞0.33%.磁共振成像(MRI)发现"延髓下段至胸10大范围空洞,中央管扩大,呈长T1、长T2信号,脊髓实质菲薄,脊髓外形增粗,注射钆喷酸葡胺(Gd-DTPA)后见下颈段及胸段脊髓呈环状、不规则强化".用水剂青霉素G注射液静脉点滴2400万单位/天,共15d.结果患者病情迅速好转,生活可自理.3个月后血TRUST转阴性.半年后CSF复查有关项目全部恢复正常,TRUST转为阴性.随访2年,疗效稳定,病情无反复.结论此为国内首例脊髓空洞型梅毒报告.     

Syphilitic posterior uveitis: correlative findings and significance.

Twenty-one patients with syphilitic posterior uveitis were investigated retrospectively to study the disease spectrum, associations with neurosyphilis, and therapeutic implications. Ophthalmologic manifestations of syphilitic posterior uveitis are differentiated into acute and chronic uveitides. The several distinct acute uveitic syndromes are usually florid and are associated with early syphilis, with VDRL-positive syphilitic meningitis, and frequently with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. The chronic posterior uveitides are often insidious, a manifestation of late syphilis, and associated commonly with subclinical neurosyphilis. All patients with acute cases and 54% of patients with chronic cases in our study received penicillin therapy appropriate for neurosyphilis. The frequent association of syphilitic posterior uveitis with neurosyphilis and the analogous spirochetal sequestration beyond the blood-brain and the blood-ocular barriers suggest that all patients with syphilitic posterior uveitis, irrespective of ocular disease intensity, should undergo evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid and be treated with penicillin regimens appropriate for neurosyphilis.