改良Dufoumental菱形皮瓣结合美学原理修复面部皮肤缺损

目的:研究改良Dufoumental菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法:应用改良Dufoumental菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损,63例患者均为面部肿物切除后圆形或类圆形组织缺损,修复术前皮肤缺损面积为(2.68±1.81)cm~2,在缺损周围设计改良Dufoumental菱形皮瓣,转移并缝合固定。结果:皮瓣均全部成活,切口一期愈合,术后随访1个月～3年,创面无明显瘢痕,效果满意。结论:改良Dufoumental菱形皮瓣修复面部缺损效果满意、可靠。     

改良菱形皮瓣在面部皮肤软组织缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨改良菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法 2016年1月—2018年5月,应用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤软组织缺损23例。男10例,女13例;年龄11～72岁,中位年龄27岁。原发肿瘤:色素痣18例,基底细胞癌4例,鳞状细胞癌1例。缺损部位:鼻部8例,颊部4例,颧部6例,额部2例,上唇部3例;缺损范围0.8 cm×0.8 cm～3.9 cm×3.9 cm。根据面部肿瘤部位、大小设计正方形病灶切除范围,根据周边组织移动性及皮纹方向,设计角度为45～60°的菱形皮瓣供区,无张力旋转修复缺损。结果术后皮瓣均成活,切口均Ⅰ期愈合。23例患者均获随访,随访时间3～15个月,平均7.3个月。随访期间肿瘤均无复发,皮瓣颜色、质地与周边组织相似,无明显瘢痕增生,邻近正常组织无牵拉,患者满意度高。结论应用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部圆形肿瘤切除后缺损创面,具有设计灵活、操作简便、创伤小等优点。     

改良菱形皮瓣修复发际部头皮缺损

目的 评价应用改良菱形皮瓣修复发际部位头皮缺损的效果.方法 自2000年1月以来,我们应用改良菱形皮瓣修复发际部位头皮缺损15例.结果 术后15例皮瓣均完全成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合,转移后的皮瓣毛发的毛流、毛向与周围毛发基本一致,效果满意.结论 改良菱形皮瓣可应用于修复发际部位头皮缺损,适用于发际部位面积不大但又不能直接缝合的创面修复.     

改良菱形皮瓣在面部皮肤缺损的应用

目的:应用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损的效果观察.方法:自2008年08月至2010年08月采用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部的圆形或椭圆形的软组织缺损创面32例,缺损面积最小0.5 cm×0.6 cm,最大2.8 cm×3.0cm.结果:皮瓣全部成活,切口I期愈台,瘢痕不明显,美容效果满意.结论:改良菱形皮瓣对于面部缺损直接缝合张力大或可能引起面部器官移位的创面修复,具有操作简单.血运可靠.切口瘢痕不明显等优点,是比较理想的方法.     

A-T推进皮瓣修复眼周基底细胞癌皮肤缺损

目的 探讨A-T推进皮瓣修复眼周基底细胞癌切除后缺损的临床效果.方法 将基底细胞癌病灶行椭圆形切除,并修建成三角形创面,在缺损邻近处设计A-T皮瓣,将缺损两侧皮肤向中间推进修复缺损.自2002年9月至2010年9月,共修复眼周基底细胞癌切除后缺损36例.结果 本组36例患者,术后皮瓣全部成活,无明显并发症发生,术后随访1～2年,瘢痕轻微,肿瘤无复发,效果满意.结论 A-T推进皮瓣是修复眼周基底细胞癌切除后缺损较理想的方式之一,不仅可以彻底根除病灶,也可兼顾术后功能和外形的完善统一.     

局部皮瓣修复小面积面部基底细胞癌切除后创面

目的:探讨局部皮瓣修复小面积面部基底细胞癌切除后缺损的效果。方法:自2009年1月至2011年12月采用局部旋转、推进、易位等皮瓣修复小面积面部基底细胞癌14例。结果:14例皮瓣全部成活。随访6个月到3年,局部外观满意,功能恢复好,肿瘤无复发。结论:局部皮瓣是修复小面积面部基底细胞癌切除后缺损的较好方法。     

局部皮瓣治疗面部基底细胞癌疗效观察

目的:观察局部皮瓣治疗面部基底细胞癌的疗效。方法:47例面部基底细胞癌患者,应用局部皮瓣的方法进行修复,术中做冰冻切片决定手术切缘。结果:所有病例均一期修复,皮瓣存活良好,颜面部外观满意。1例面部其他部位再发基底细胞癌,再次行手术切除,未见复发。结论:面部基底细胞癌切除术后,采用术中冰冻切片快速病理验证的方式可以保证肿瘤的完全切除,应用局部皮瓣修复术后缺损,简便、高效,效果满意。     

皮下组织蒂的改良菱形皮瓣在面部皮肤缺损修复中的应用

目的介绍一种皮下组织蒂的改良菱形皮瓣及其在面部皮肤缺损中的应用和效果.方法于面部各种缺损的附近设计以皮下组织为蒂的改良菱形皮瓣,即在改良菱形皮瓣的尾部作"V"形切口,小范围剥离后行皮瓣无张力转移.皮瓣面积为1.5 cm×2.0 cm～4.0 cm×4.5 cm.结果本组16例患者,切口均Ⅰ期愈合,皮瓣全部成活.随访12例患者1.5个月至1.5年,面部形态满意,术区平整,无"猫耳朵"形成,切口瘢痕不明显. 结论应用皮下组织蒂的改良菱形皮瓣修复面部皮肤缺损,方法简便易行,术后效果较好.     

改良菱形皮瓣的临床应用

目的评价应用改良菱形皮瓣修复皮肤缺损的效果. 方法自1994年3月以来,我们应用改良菱形皮瓣修复面部、躯干及肢体皮肤缺损32例,其中缺损位于鼻尖及鼻翼者18例,上唇者5例,面颊部者6例,腹部、臀连大腿外侧及前臂者各1例.缺损面积最小者0.5cm×0.7cm,最大者8cm×10cm. 结果术后除1例皮瓣尖端表皮坏死外,其余均完全成活,切口Ⅰ期愈合,美容效果满意.结论应用改良菱形皮瓣修复皮肤缺损,简单易行,效果可靠,尤其适用于面部面积不大但又不能直接缝合的创面修复.     

“风筝”皮瓣在面部基底细胞癌术后创面修复中的应用

目的：探讨＂风筝＂皮瓣在面部基底细胞癌术后创面修复中的应用及其美学效果。方法：收治面部基底细胞癌患者52例,病灶扩大切除术后,直接拉拢缝合,张力过大,因而设计＂风筝＂皮瓣,修复创面。结果：术后均一期愈合,外形满意,随访2～3年,未见复发。结论：面部基底细胞癌首选手术扩大切除,采用＂风筝＂皮瓣加以修复,可以取得理想的治疗和美容效果。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.