Steroid glaucoma: corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension in cats.

This study was undertaken to develop a feline model of corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension. In the first experiment, eight cats were selected whose intraocular pressure (17 +/- 0.4 mmHg) was consistently below the mean baseline intraocular pressure of our colony (24 +/- 0.5) during the preceding 2 months. Unilateral twice or thrice daily topical application of 10 microliters 1% dexamethasone sodium phosphate caused a gradual intraocular pressure increase that became significant (P less than 0.05) within 2-3 weeks. There was no significant change in body weight, but several eyes developed cataracts. Similar results were obtained with treatment of normotensive cat eyes with dexamethasone, or with 1.0% prednisolone acetate (PredForte) twice a day. Topical application of PGF2 alpha-1-isopropyl ester (0.1 or 0.25 microgram PG equivalent) to such steroid-treated eyes yielded significant intraocular pressure reduction and pupillary miosis, similar in magnitude to those exhibited by normal eyes. When dexamethasone treatment was reduced to once daily, after prolonged twice daily treatment, intraocular pressure decreased only slightly within 10 days. When dexamethasone treatment was stopped, intraocular pressure declined to normal levels within 6-7 days. These findings show that adult cat eyes develop steroid-induced ocular hypertension that is maintained and reversible. As opposed to previous findings on rabbits, steroid-induced feline ocular hypertension appears to be a good model for this clinical condition and may be suitable for the testing of potential glaucoma drugs.     

Ocular hypertension associated with ocular sarcoidosis

PURPOSE: To report bilateral ocular hypertension in association with ocular sarcoidosis. METHODS: Case note review of patients with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis-related uveitis. RESULTS: The authors identified 5 patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ocular sarcoidosis and who had intraocular pressures of > 40 mmHg in each eye. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware of the association of raised intraocular pressure with ocular sarcoidosis.     

准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压临床相关因素分析

目的:探讨准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压的发生率、临床相关凶素及预后.方法:对2005-12/2006-12间行LASIK或LASEK的2060例4060眼滴糖皮质激素眼液(1g/L地塞米松及1g/L氟米龙)2～3mo,术后1wk;1,2,3,6mo及1α观察眼压变化,对高眼压者进行治疗,并采用Logistic方法分析高眼压与年龄、性别、眼别、最大径线屈光度、最大径线角膜曲率、角膜切削深度和眼底垂直径杯/盘比值的相关性.结果:有88例143眼发生了高眼压,发生率为3.5%,所有高眼压患者经药物治疗眼压均降至正常.Logistic回归分析结果显示,眼底杯/盘比值与高眼压相关性P值为0.015,OR值为3.071,其他因素P值均大于0.1.眼底垂直径杯/盘比值大于等于0.4者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压的几率是小于0.4者的3.071倍.结论:准分子激光角膜屈光术后应用糖皮质激素眼液可引起部分患者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压,眼底垂直径杯/盘比值与皮质类固醇性高眼压有较强相关性,大于等于0.4是皮质类固醇性高眼压的高危因素,对眼底杯/盘比值大于等于0-4者术后可酌情减少激素用量和/或加用降眼压药物.     

Ocular sympathetic denervation associated with ocular hypertension: a case report.

The exact function of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of intraocular pressure remains unclear. Many observers have noted reduced intraocular pressure in eyes whose sympathetic supply has been interrupted. A case of ocular sympathetic denervation associated with ocular hypertension is reported. Reports on the relationship between intraocular pressure and sympathetic denervation are reviewed and their relevance to this case discussed.     

准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类固醇性高眼压临床相关因素分析

目的 探讨准分子激光角膜屈光术后皮质类同醇性高眼压的发生率、临床相关因素及预后。方法 对2005.12-2006.12间行LASIK或LASEK的2060例4060只眼滴皮质类固醇眼液（0.1%地塞米松及0.1%氟米龙）2-3月,术后1周、1、2、3、6月及1年观察眼压变化,对高眼压者进行治疗,并采用Logistic方法分析高眼压与年龄、性别、眼别、最大径线屈光度、最大径线角膜曲率、角膜切削深度和眼底垂直径C/D值的相关性。结果 有88例143眼发生了高眼压,发生率为3.5%,所有高眼压患者经药物治疗眼压均降至正常。Logistic回归分析,眼底C/D值与高眼压相关性P值为0.015,OR值为3.071,其他因素P值均大于0.1。眼底C/D值大于等于0.4者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压的几率是小于0.4者的3.071倍。结论 准分子激光角膜屈光术后应用糖皮质激素眼液可引起小部分患者发生皮质类固醇性高眼压,眼底垂直径C/D值与皮质类闹醇性高眼压有强相关性,大于等于0.4是皮质类固醇性高眼压的高危因素,对眼底C/D值人于等于0.4者术后可酌情减少激素用量和/或加用降眼压药物。     

Effect of dipyridamole on prostaglandin-induced ocular hypertension in rabbits.

The effect of intraperitoneal injections of dipyridamole on the elevations of intraocular pressure and anterior chamber aqueous humor protein produced by topical application of prostaglandin E2 was studied in rabbits. Pretreatment with 100 mg/kg dipyridamole inhibited the prostaglandin E2--induced ocular hypertension and rise of aqueous humor protein. Systemic administration of dipyridamole did not alter the responses of the eye to instilled nitrogen mustard. Topical instillation of dipyridamole was ineffective. Dipyridamole, a clinically available drug, may be useful in the treatment of ocular inflammatory disease.     

兔急性高眼压状态后眼组织自由基及过氧化氢酶的变化

目的：观察急性高眼压状态后眼组织中自由基及过氧化氢酸活性变化。方法：用前房灌注生理盐水法制成急性高眼压模型后,按不同时间用电子自旋共振法测定小梁组织、视网膜组织中自由基的g值及量,同时测定视网膜、房水及血浆中过氧化氢酶的活性。结果：高眼压后0.5h直至第3天视网膜及小梁组织中均测到氧自由基并呈升高趋势。视网膜、房水中过氧化氢酶活性降低,血液中过氧化氢酶活性无改变。结论：急性高眼压状态视网膜、小梁组织中存在自由基损伤。提示急性闭角型青光眼发作手,应使用自由基清除剂,以保护眼组织。     

白内障术后激素性高眼压危险因素的临床分析

目的:研究白内障术后激素性高眼压发生的危险因素,期望对临床白内障术后糖皮质激素的使用具有一定的指导作用。方法:回顾性分析2005-01/2006-12行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术患者糖皮质激素使用后眼压情况。结果:使用糖皮质激素眼液的患者1459例中24例发生糖皮质激素性高眼压,男14例,女10例,年龄、高度近视、糖尿病、术前眼外伤、术前色素膜炎为白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后糖皮质激素性高眼压的危险因素。结论:白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术后糖皮质激素性高眼压的发生率为1.36%。眼局部长期大量使用激素是其发生的重要危险因素。     

Ocular blood flow and choroidal thickness in ocular hypertension

International Ophthalmology - Ocular hypertension (OHT) is a clinical entity characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) without optic nerve damage. In the presence of other risk factors,...     

Optic disc changes in ocular hypertension

Measurements were made of the percent areas of optic disc cupping and pallor in ocular hypertensive eyes and normal eyes. The ocular hypertensive eyes showed significant increases in pallor but not in cupping compared to normal eyes. There was also a significant positive correlation of cupping with age in normal eyes but not in ocular hypertensive eyes. Fluorescein angiography of the optic disc showed an increase in the number and area of filling defects in ocular hypertensive compared to normal eyes. There were significant positive correlations in ocular hypertensives between percent area of filling defects with both age and systolic blood pressure which were not present with normal eyes. The optic disc changes which occur in ocular hypertensive eyes are primarily characterized by an increase in pallor and an increase in both the number and area of fluorescein filling defects.     

Postural studies in pulsatile ocular blood flow: I. Ocular hypertension and normotension.

Measurements of pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) have been recorded in a group of healthy, ocular normotensive volunteers and ocular hypertensive patients recruited from outpatients. Use of a pneumotonometric probe linked to a Langham ocular blood flow system enabled readings of intraocular pressure and its variation with heart rate (ocular pulse) to be taken in erect and supine positions. Pulsatile ocular blood flow was calculated from these values by means of the pressure-volume relationship previously described for living human eyes. Assumption of the supine posture was accompanied by a significant rise in intraocular pressure; in normal eyes (mean, with SEM) (3.1 (0.4) mmHg, p less than 0.0001) and to a greater extent in ocular hypertensive eyes (4.7 (0.6) mmHg, p less than 0.0001). The POBF did not differ significantly between normotensive and ocular hypertensive groups in either the erect or supine postures. In both groups, however, assumption of the supine posture was accompanied by a significant fall in POBF (normals: -121 (21) microliters/min, p less than 0.0001; ocular hypertensives: -75 (16) microliters/min, p less than 0.0002). These reductions in POBF represent decrements of 27.5 (3.0)% and 17.1 (3.8)% respectively. Pulsatile ocular blood flow is reduced in the supine posture, and this may result in tissue hypoxia in subjects at risk of developing glaucoma. A companion paper describes the measurement of POBF in a group of patients with chronic open angle glaucoma treated with topical timolol 0.25%.     

兔眼挫伤后的病理改变

目的探讨兔眼挫伤的病理学改变。方法用不同重量的重物正面击打正常兔眼,观察伤后不同时间兔眼病理组织学改变。结果眼挫伤后,兔眼损伤发生早,范围广,不同组织均有改变,且与外力强度呈正相关。挫伤对兔外眼与眼球的损伤程度并不一致,而且眼前段与眼后段的损伤程度也不成正比。伤后3天眼部病理改变已趋稳定。本组兔无眼球破裂。结论挫伤后,兔眼损伤遵循重力致伤的一般规律;运用流体动力学原理,有利于发现隐匿的损伤区域;应该充分认识对外伤眼全面检视的重要性,避免遗漏。     

准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后激素性高眼压药物干预后的眼压观察

目的 观察准分子激光屈光性角膜手术后激素性高眼压患者短时间药物干预后的眼压情况.方法 回顾分析2004年5月至2006年2月我院眼屈光外科中心LASIK及LASEK手术病例,其中17例23眼术后眼压较术前眼压升高超过5 mmHg(1 kPa=7.5 mmHg),经短时间药物干预眼压降低至正常后.对眼压进行24-36个月的随访观察.结果 23眼中激素中度反应性19眼,激素高反应性4眼,停用皮质类固醇滴眼液并短时间应用药物降眼压至正常,在24-36个月的随访中17眼眼压保持稳定,6眼眼压停药后短期内再次升高,在激素中度反应性19眼中有3眼眼压再次升高,发生率15.7%.在激素高反应性的4眼中发生眼压再次升高3眼,占75%;统计学分析差异有显著性.随访期内没有观察到视野和视盘的改变.结论 皮质类固醇激素性高眼压早期应用药物降压后,多数患眼在近期及中长期随访中眼压稳定;激素高反应性患者近期眼压再次升高的发生率高于激素中度反应性患者.     

甲基纤维素诱导兔慢性高眼压的实验研究

目的　探讨甲基纤维素诱导兔慢性高眼压模型的优缺点及最适浓度。方法　将2 0只大白兔随机分为 、 组 ,分别对其右眼前房内连续注入 10 g· L- 1 及 2 0 g· L- 1 甲基纤维素 ,左眼前房内连续注入平衡盐液 ,直接眼压计每周测量 1次眼压 ,并对诱发的高眼压模型进行观察 5周。结果　 组右眼平均眼压 ( 2 8± 10 ) mm Hg( 1k Pa=7.5 m m Hg) , 组为 ( 32± 8) mm Hg, 组左眼平均眼压 ( 14± 6 ) mm Hg, 组为 ( 15± 5 ) mm Hg。 组 1眼术后 3d破裂 ,5眼角膜增大变形 ,4眼角膜新生血管形成。 组 3眼术后 3d破裂 ,6眼角膜增大变形 ,6眼新生血管形成。 2组实验眼光镜及电镜检查均有高眼压性眼底改变。结论　甲基纤维素诱导兔慢性高眼压模型具有方法简单、有效、安全、易行的优点 ,10 g· L- 1 甲基纤维素较 2 0 g· L- 1 甲基纤维素引起的并发症少 ,易于控制 ,更为实用     

Effect of CO2 laser sclerectomy with iridectomy on ocular hypertension in rabbits

AIM: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of an optimized CO2 Laser glaucoma surgery system for laser sclerectomy with iridectomy. METHODS: Rabbit trials were performed to evaluate the efficiency and safety. RESULTS: IOP was significantly decreased in laser group compared with trabeculectomy group(P<0.05) from 7th postoperative day to 60th day. Compared with trabeculectomy group, histopathology studies confirmed fewer complications and better effects were found in laser group. CONCLUSION: CO2 laser sclerectomy with iridectomy is effective and safe in terms of IOP lowering.