舒莱预防肾移植术后急性排斥反应的临床研究

目的探讨舒莱诱导治疗预防同种异体肾移植术后急性排斥反应的临床效果。方法回顾分析65例同种异体肾移植患者临床资料，其中38例没有应用舒莱（对照组）；27例应用两剂舒莱进行诱导治疗（治疗组），两组患者肾移植术后均以普乐可复、吗替麦考酚酯和皮质激素预防排斥反应。比较两组肾移植患者术后6个月内急性排斥反应的发生率、术后血肌酐下降速度、副反应发生情况和1年人／肾存活率。结果对照组术后急性排斥反应率为26．32％（10／38），舒莱组术后急性排斥反应率为7．41％（2／27），两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；与对照组比较，舒莱组移植肾的血肌酐下降速度快（P〈0．05），但1年人／肾存活率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论肾移植受者在应用常规免疫抑制剂的基础上结合舒莱免疫诱导治疗，能有效降低术后急性排斥反应发生率，且患者有较好的耐受性。     

舒莱预防肾脏移植物急性排斥反应的随机对照试验研究

目的：探讨白细胞介素2受体单克隆抗体——舒莱（Simulect）对移植肾急性排斥反应的预防作用以及用药的安全性与药物的毒副作用。方法：将我器官移植移植中心1999年3月～2002年10月共46例肾移植受者为研究对象，随机分成舒莱组（23例）和对照组（23例），两组肾移植术后均接受以Neoral为基础的三联免疫抑制剂。舒莱组术前2h和术后4d各给予舒莱20mg静脉滴注。观察急性排斥反应、Neoral、皮质激素和硫唑嘌呤用量及药物的毒副作用。实验室检测血CsA浓度和肝肾功能。结果：研究结果表明，舒莱组无1例发生急性排斥反应，对照组术后8周内发生3例4次急性排斥反应。两组均未发生明显的毒副作用。两组间Neoral用量及血CsA浓度无明显差异。对照组因发生急性排斥反应，8周内皮质激素用药量总量大于舒莱组。结论：舒莱对移植肾急性排斥反应具有明显的预防作用，且用药方法简便，疗程短，无明显的毒副作用。     

肾移植2 200例次临床分析

目的 总结1908例（2200例次）肾移植手术的临床经验,提高肾移植术后人、肾存活率。方法 总结1985年以后人、肾1年、3年、5年的存活率;肾移植主要并发症及其处理原则;影响患者再移植存活率的因素;HLA－抗原／基因配型及群体反应抗体（PRA）检测。结果 （1）自1985年临床使用环孢素A（CSA）后,其1年人、肾存活率为87.3％,3年人、肾存活率为80.2%,5年人、肾存活率为67.0%.(2)50岁以上肾移植患者302例,术后1年移植肾存活率8.4%(252/302),1年人存活率8534%(258/302).(3)肾移植术后患者死亡原因主要是心血管系统疾病及感染。心血管系统疾病占死亡原因的50.7%,感染占死亡率的13.5％（4）。肾移植术后恶性肿瘤 的发病率为1.5％（23／1580）。（5）肝损害患者有独特的药代动力学特点。（6）良好的HLA供－受者配型可以减少肾移植术后急性排斥反应的发生率,有利于移植肾的长期存活。在HLA抗原不配合的情况下,受者应尽量选择不具有免疫原性抗原／基因的供肾移植。（8）对于慢性排斥应应采取综合方法进行治疗。结论 良好的组织配型、肾移植术后免疫抑制药物的合理应用、对移植术后并发症的预防及及时治疗是提高肾移植术后人、肾存活率的重要因素。     

肾移植术后应用咪唑立宾抗排斥治疗的临床观察

目的:探讨咪唑立宾(MZR)在肾移植术后抗排斥治疗临床的效果及安全性. 方法:38例首次接受肾移植的患者采用环孢素(CsA)或他克莫司(FK506)+MZR+泼尼松(Pred)治疗,与同期31例采用CsA或FK506+霉酚酸酯(MMF)+Pred治疗的患者进行比较.观察2组患者在肾移植术后12月内的人、肾存活率及肾功能变化情况,比较2组间急性排斥反应、药物不良反应(外周血白细胞下降、肝功能异常、血尿酸升高及胃肠道症状)以及肺部感染的发生率.结果:随访12个月,MMF组患者人、肾存活率均为100%,MZR组人、肾存活率分别为100%、97.4%.肾移植术后MMF组和MZR组急性排斥反应的发生率相似,2组在肾移植术后1、2、3月的血肌酐差异无统计学意义,在6月和12月MZR组血肌酐较MMF组明显增高(P<0.05);与MMF组相比,MZR组患者的胃肠道症状、肺部感染发生率明显下降(P<0.05),而外周血白细胞下降、高尿酸血症以及肝功能异常等方面的发生率差异无统计学意义. 结论:在肾移植中应用MZR安全、不良反应小,可以作为肾移植患者术后常规的免疫抑制剂.     

影响肾移植的危险因素与不同钙调素抑制剂的应用观察

目的 比较高危肾移植患者术后应用环孢霉素A(CsA)和他克莫司(FK506)的疗效和安全性.方法 将78例高危肾移植患者随机分为CsA组(40例)和FK506组(38例),观察肾移植后1年内两组的急性排斥发生率和药物逆转率、药物毒副作用及感染发生情况.结果 FK506组和CsA组的人/肾存活率分别为97.4%/97.4%和92.5%/85%;急性排斥发生率分别为15.8%/17.5%;抗排斥治疗的逆转率分别为100%/57.1%.FK506组毒副作用也较CsA组小.结论 在高危肾移植患者的免疫抑制剂治疗中FK506应为首选.     

尸体肾移植203例次报告

目的：探讨尸体肾移植的临床特点。方法：总结我院1992年12月－2001年4月197年例203例次尸体肾移植临床资料。结果：①本组1、3、5年人／肾存活率分别为94．2％、89．0％、87．6％／78．8％、75．0％／66．7％。②高危尿毒症患者118例,其中1、3、5年人／肾存活率分别为92．5％／87．7％、83．1％／76．1％、68．2％、54．5％,与普通尿毒症患者间的差异无统计学意义。③肾移植术后主要的严重并发症为肺部感染、心功能衰竭、肝功能严重损;是肾移植术后死亡的主要原因。④肾移植术后恶性肿瘤发生率为2．5％。结论：①尸体肾移植有较满意的人／肾存活率。②肾移植术后免疫抑制剂的合理应用,对术后并发症的预防和及时治疗是提高尸体肾移植人／肾存活率的重要因素。     

血液灌流串联血液透析治疗肾移植前后的应用

目的：采用血液灌流串联血液透析治疗肾移植。方法：将12例肾移植患者随机分成两组，对照组常规内、外科基础治疗，治疗组术前、术后在基础治疗之上，多次行血液灌流串联血液透析治疗，对比两纽患者肾移植相关指标及免疫排斥情况。结果：治疗组LPS、TNF、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6等均优于对照组。结论：在肾移植手术前积极应用血液灌流串联血液透析治疗，能降低手术后免疫排斥反应的发生率．提高肾移植手术存活率。     

两剂量塞尼哌减少肾移植中的急性排斥

目的 研究两剂量塞尼哌(Zenapax)对肾移植中急性排斥的影响。方法 Zenapax分别在移植前2h和移植后14天给予，术后应用三联免疫抑制治疗。结果 1年时活检证实急性排斥发生率为6．82％，在9例肾功能延迟恢复的病人中急排发生率为22．2％，用抗胸腺免疫球蛋白ATG逆转3例。肺部感染5例，其中CMV感染2例，霉菌性肺炎1例。泌尿系感染6例，伪膜性肠炎1例，输尿管膀胱吻合口瘘1例，脑梗塞1例。使用Zenapax前后，淋巴细胞变化无明显差异，无发热、头痛、急性肺水肿等细胞因子释放表现。1年时人／肾存活率分别为95．45％／95．45％，2例病人死于肺部感染和心衰。结论 两剂量Zenapax能减少急性排斥的发生，且疗程短，耐受性良好，无细胞因子释放综合征和增加感染并发症。     

应用ROC曲线评价SIL-2R,IL-6,L10,CL-Ⅳ对肾移植排斥反应早期诊断的临床价值

目的：评价血清SIL-2R，IL-6，IL-10和CL-IV对早期诊断肾移植排斥反应的价值。方法：检测了34例肾移植病人及20名正常对照者血清SIL-2R，IL-6，IL-10，CL-IV的水平，通过分析特征工作曲线（ROC）评价其对早期诊断肾移植排斥反应的价值。结果：在肾移植排斥组中，SIL-2R，IL-6及IL-10均显著高于肾功能稳定组及正常对照组，而CL-IV在排斥组及肾功能稳定组间无明显差异，但高于正常对照组。通过ROC曲线下面积分析，发现IL-6最为敏感，SIL-2R次之，IL-10与CL-Ⅳ效果较差。结论：SIL-2R和IL-6是监测肾移植早期排斥反应的良好指标。     

不同免疫抑制方案对移植肾早期功能的影响

目的探讨不同免疫抑制方案对移植肾术后早期功能的影响及安全性比较。方法将3种不同的免疫抑制方案分别用于肾移植患者。A组：CsA＋Aza＋Pred。B组：CSA＋MMF＋Pred、C组：FK506＋MMF＋Pred。根移植肾早期功能状态，统计A、B、C3组患者1年移植肾存活率，急性排斥发生率及移植肾功能恢复情况，药物副作用等。结果在3组患者中比较，B组和C组移植肾1年存活率高于A组；C组的急性排斥发生率均低于A组、B组（P〈0．05）。同时，C组的肝功能损害，肾毒性发生率明显低于A组、B组（P〈0．05）。结论通过临床不同免疫抑制方案的比较，认为应用MMF和FKS06组成的免疫抑制方案，具有更高的安全性，可减少急性排斥反应，药物毒副作用的发生率，提高肾移植的存活率，有利于移植肾早期功能的恢复。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.